The document discusses how to write effective paragraphs in essays. It notes that a paragraph is a collection of sentences dealing with one subject. An effective paragraph structure includes a topic sentence, definition, example, reason, details, and further details. It then provides an example paragraph about changes in how people use banks that follows this structure. The document also discusses ordering sentences in a paragraph and provides exercises for readers to analyze paragraphs.

1. ORGANISING PARAGRAPHS
HOW TO WRITE CONCISE &
EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS IN ESSAYS

2. WHAT IS A
PARAGRAPH?
A PARAGRAPH IS A
COLLECTION OF
SENTENCES THAT DEAL
WITH ONE SUBJECT.

3. STRUCTURE OF A
PARAGRAPH
1.TOPIC SENTENCE
2.DEFINITION
3.EXAMPLE
4.REASON
5.DETAILS
6.FURTHER DETAILS

4. EXAMPLE PARAGRAPH
THE WAY WE USE BANKS IS CURRENTLY CHANGING. THIS IS
PARTLY BECAUSE OF THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW
TECHNOLOGY IN THE LAST TEN YEARS. THE PERSONAL
COMPUTER AND THE INTERNET, FOR INSTANCE, ALLOW
CUSTOMERS TO VIEW THEIR ACCOUNTS AT HOME AND
PERFORM OPERATIONS SUCH AS MOVING OF MONEY
BETWEEN ACCOUNTS. AT THE SAME TIME THE BANKS ARE
BEING REORGANISED IN WAYS THAT AFFECT BOTH
CUSTOMERS AND STAFF. IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS OVER
3,000 BANKS BRACHES HAVE CLOSED IN BRITAIN. THE
BANKS HAVE DISCOVERED THAT STAFFING CALL CENTRES IS
CHEAPER THAN RUNNING A BRANCH NETWORK.

5. PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
1.TOPIC SENTENCE: THE WAY WE USE BANKS...
2.REASON: THIS IS PARTLY BECAUSE …
3.EXAMPLE: THE PERSONAL COMPUTER…
4.DETAILS: AT THE SAME TIME …
5.FURTHER DETAILS: IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS…
6.REASON: THE BANKS HAVE DISCOVERED…

6. EXERCISE 1
Q. READ AND ANALYSE THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH.
IN RECENT YEARS ALL BRITISH UNIVERSITIES HAVE ADOPTED
THE SEMESTER SYSTEM. A SEMESTER IS A PERIOD OF TIME
WHICH LASTS FOR HALF THE ACDEMIC YEAR. SEMESTER ,
FOR EXAMPLE, STARTS IN SEPTEMBER AND FINISHES IN
JANUARY. PREVIOUSLY THE ACADEMIC YEAR HAD BEEN
DIVIDED INTO THREE TERMS: AUTUMN, WINTER AND
SPRING. MOST COURSES CONSIST OF MODULES THAT LAST
FOR ONE SEMESTER, AND EXAMS ARE HELD AT THE END OF
EACH. BRITAIN BEGAN USING SEMESTER SYSTEM TO MAKE
IS EASIER FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS TO MOVE FROM
ONHE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER.

7. ORDER OF SENTENCES IN A
PARAGRAPH

8. JUMBLED SENTENCES
a) FOR MANY CENTURIES, IT HAS BEEN THE
CENTRE OF COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC, CULTURAL
AND SOCIAL LIFE.
b) 500 YEARS AGO IT HAD BECOME A MAJOR
RIVER PORT FOR SHIPS TRADING WITH EUROPE.
c) ITS DOMINANCE IS DUE TO ITS STRATEGIC SITE
NEAR THE LOWEST CROSSING POINT OF RIVER
THAMES.
d) LONDON HAD BEEN THE ENGLISH CAPITAL FOR
OVER 100 YEARS

9. ORGANISED PARAGRAPH
TOPIC SENTENCE: D
RESTATEMENT: A
REASON:C
DETAIL: B

10. EXERCISE
“PRISONS MAKE CRIMINALS
WORSE, AND SHOULD BE
ABOLISHED”

11. INTRODUCTION
1) MODERN PRISON SYSTEM DEVELOPED IN 19THCENTURY
2) PRISONS INTENDED TO ISOLATE, PUNISH AND REFORM
3) STEEP RISE IN NUMBER OF PRISONERS IN LAST 20YEARS
4) CRITICS CLAIM THEY ARE “UNIVERSITY OF CRIME”
5) ESSAY AIMS TO CONSIDER HOW EFFECTIVE PRISONS ARE

12. 1. DETAIL: THE MODERN…
2. REASON: THE SYSTEM HAD
THREE…
3. DETAIL: IN LAST 20 YEARS…
4. DETAIL: PRISONS ARE…
5. TOPIC SENTENCE: THIS ESSAY
ATTEMPTS TO …

13. SECOND PARAGRAPH
ADVANTAGES
1)PRISONS OFFER SOCIETY THREE APPARENT BENFITS
2) PROVIDE PUNISHMENT BY DEPRIVATION OF
FREEDOM
3) OFFENDERS ARE SEGRAGATED SO CANNOT RE-
OFFEND
4) POSSIBILITY OF REFORM THROUGH TRAINING
PROGRAMMES

14. DRAWBACKS
1) PRISONS APPEAR TO BE FAILING IN 21ST CENTURY
2) PRISONH POPULATION STEADILY RISING IN MANY
COUNTRIES
3) MANY PRISONERS ARE REPEAT OFFENDERS
4) FEW PRISONS ABLE TO OFFER EFFECTIVE REFORM
PROGRAMMES
5) PRISON CONDITIONS OFTEN BRUTAL AND DEGRADING