Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizer contribute through biological fixation of nitrogen, solubilization of fixed nutrients and enhanced uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Intercropping has been in practice for centuries to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). It reported that physico-chemical changes in soil under pure and alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (after six year) and found that alley cropping more suitable than pure crop (Gangwar et al., 2004).
Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizer contribute through biological fixation of nitrogen, solubilization of fixed nutrients and enhanced uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Intercropping has been in practice for centuries to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). It reported that physico-chemical changes in soil under pure and alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (after six year) and found that alley cropping more suitable than pure crop (Gangwar et al., 2004).
Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil with tools and implements for obtaining conditions ideal for seed germination, seedling establishment and growth of crops.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil with tools and implements for obtaining conditions ideal for seed germination, seedling establishment and growth of crops.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and meansDiraviam Jayaraj
This was presented in the Webinar on Covid-19 & Beyond: Existing Envioromental Challenges and Eco Friendly Agriculture organized by Vishwa Yuvak Kendra, New Delhi in collaboration with Gramium, Tamil Nadu on 14th August 2020. It provides an overview of the status of Agriculture in India and gives the steps involved in developing Sustainable Agriculture for developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems.
Organic farming definition, methods of organic farming, advantages of organic farming, pest control techniques, necessity in Medicinal and aromatic plants,
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
2. What is organic farming?
• The word organic farming means growing/rearing plants or
animals without the use of synthetic inputs such as fertilizers,
hormones, allopathic medicines and pesticides.
• Organic cultivation of crops and organic rearing of livestock is
not only safe and gives healthy food but are also ecologically
sustainable ensuring welfare of all living beings.
4. Why organic farming?
• Organic farming offers many advantages, both for producers
and consumers, as well as for nature and the climate.
Therefore, it is not surprising that this form of agriculture is
gaining increasing attention from the society and politics
worldwide.
Improvement of income
Reduced external dependance
Protection and promotion of natural resources
Healthier food
Sustainable cultivation with a promising future
5.
6.
7. Promotion of organic farming by Government of India
• Recently, the Government of India has implemented a number of programs and
schemes for boosting organic farming in the country. Among these the most important
include
(1) The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana,
(2) Organic Value Chain Development in North Eastern Region Scheme,
(3) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana,
(4) The mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (a. National Horticulture
Mission, b. Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan states, c. National
Bamboo Mission, d. National Horticulture Board, e. Coconut Development Board, d.
Central Institute for Horticulture, Nagaland),
(5) National Programme for Organic Production,
(6) National Project on Organic Farming, and
(7) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture.
(8)Model village concept under Network Project on Organic Farming-Tribal Sub Plan
(NPOF-TSP) with financial assistance from ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming System
Research, Modipuram
(9)Manar Vanadesa Farmers Group
8. What is organic food?
• Organic food means any form of food or its raw material (such
as grains, oils, spices, etc) produced in a manner close to
nature without using any synthetic manmade inputs such as
fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, etc. Organic
farming also prohibits the use of genetically modified organisms
(GMOs).
9. Why organic food?
• As organic food is grown, produced and processed through
natural inputs and natural processes, it is absolutely free from
chemical residues, have balance of all macro and micro
nutrients and is considered safe and healthy for animals and
human beings.
• Organic food is also known to be the best source of immunity
and synthetic resistance against diseases and deficiencies.
15. How do I identify organic food in the market
• The only way to identify the organic food in market is to verify its
certification and quality mark in the form of a logo, considering
the similar appearance of organic produce vs conventional.
• As per the requirement of Food Safety and Standards (Organic
Foods) Regulations, 2017, all organic food must carry a JAIVK
BHARAT logo along with its certification logo.
16. Certification systems
• India has two organic certification systems in place. Although
both the systems are based upon common national standards
but adapt different approach for verification and documentation.
a. National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for
export and
b. Participatory Guarantee system for India (PGS-India) for
domestic and local markets.
17. NPOP Certification
• NPOP certification is a kind of third party certification, in which,
the farm or the processing of the agriculture produce is certified
in accordance with national or international organic standards
by an accredited organic certification agency.
• NPOP certification is facilitated by Agriculture Processed Food
and Export Development Authority (APEDA), Ministry of
Commerce and Industries, Govt. of India.
18.
19. Concepts of organic farming
Organic farming is very much native to India. This concept of organic
farming is based on following principles:
• Nature is the best role model for farming, since it does not use any inputs
nor demand unreasonable quantities of water.
• The entire system is based on intimate understanding of nature's ways
of replenishment. The system does not believe in mining of the soil of its
nutrients and do not degrade it in any way.
• The soil in this system is considered as a living entity
• The soil's living population of microbes and other organisms are
significant contributors to its fertility on a sustained basis and must be
protected and nurtured, at all cost.
• The total environment of the soil, from soil structure to soil cover is more
important and must be preserved.
20. Soil fertility as the basis of organic production
• Weakened and degraded soils cannot produce good yield-
depends on good natural soil fertility.
• Depends on activity and composition of soil organisms and
also the conditions of soil.
• Humus content of the soil- important nutrient and water
stores, and contribute to a stable soil structure.
• A humus rich and biologically active soil is easy to work,
absorbs rainwater well thanks to its porous structure, and is
robust against silting and erosion.
• Earthworms as builders of fertile soils- With a lifespan of 5–
8 years, earthworms are the longest-lived soil animals. They
play a central role in building soil fertility in different ways.
21. Processes in the soil promoted by soil organism
Table 3: Processes in the soil promoted by soil organisms
Biological decomposition Dissolution processes at the source rock by metabolic products.
Microstructure/ crumb formation Mixing of organic substances with mineral soil particles to form stable
clay-humus complexes.
Aggregate formation Consolidation of soil particles and increase of crumb stability.
Mineralisation Decomposition and degradation of organic substances to inorganic
compounds, which become available again as nutrients for plants.
Humification Conversion of dead organic matter into stable humus complexes that
improvesoilstructureandfertility.
Nitrification/Denitrification Binding and conversion of nitrogen.
22. Gentle and effective tillage
• Intensive tillage has increased rates of erosion and led to the
loss of around 30 percent of arable soils worldwide over the
past 40 years.
• Organic farmers instead try to avoid intensive tilling practices,
aiming to work the soil as gently as possible.
• Intensive and deep mixing of the soil with reversible ploughs
and tillers, combined with heavy machinery and tractors is
avoided.
• Ideally, organic tillage aims to maintain the natural stratification
of the soil as much as possible, turning only the topsoil, to
promote soil fertility.
• In case of soil compaction, the subsoil is deeply loosened.
24. Soil structure and humus building
• A high soil humus content is of central importance for soil
fertility. A decrease in humus content leads to poor soil structure
that is prone to compaction, has a lower water absorption
capacity and nitrogen supply potential.
• An increase in humus content, on the other hand, results in a
more biologically active and crumbly soil with a pH in the neutral
range, gene rally better nutrient availability, and higher nitro-
gen supply.
• The effects of humus depletion due to unsustainable
management are usually only noticeable after several years.
Accordingly, building humus in soils takes years.
• The fastest way to increase humus content is by adding green
manure or manure compost. Perennial leys, implemented as
part of a humus enhancing crop rotation, are of great
importance in a medium and long term
25. How to increase humus
content in the long term
and increase the
nutrient supply in the
short term?
and increase the nutrient supply in the short term?
Green waste and manure compost: Provide
stable humus compounds that mostly resist
decomposition.
Humus buildup:
●●●●
Nutrient supply:
●
Woody crop residues: Promote lignin-degrad-
ing, slow-growing soil fungi that add diversity
to soil flora.
Humus buildup:
●●●●
Nutrient supply:
●
Perennial clover grass: Provides considera-
ble amounts of easily degradable root mass
for earthworms and microorganisms and for
humus buildup.
Humus buildup:
●●●
Nutrient supply:
●●●●
Green manures: Form large amounts of more
or less easily degradable biomass, can store
nutrients, fix atmospheric nitrogen (legumes)
and make it plant-available. Perennial green
manures significantly foster humus buildup.
Humus buildup:
●●
Nutrient supply:
●●●
Reduced tillage: Increases humus content in
topsoil, promotes biological activity and good
soil structure, thereby essentially increasing the
soil‘s water retention capacity.
Humus buildup:
●●
Nutrient supply:
●
26. Goals of crop rotation design on organic farms
Central role of legumes in crop rotation
Promoting soil fertility
Building atmospheric nitrogen
Dissolving nutrients in the soil
Loosening the soil
Legume fatigue as a challenge
Effects of legume fatigue
• Reduced nitrogen fixation capacity
• Spread of weeds
• Reduced forage production
Causes and measures
• Cultivation breaks
• Variety selection
• Use healthy seed
• Promote rapid youth development
• Organic fertilization
• Favourable pH and nutrient supply
Humus build-up through good crop
rotation planning
Crop rotations
optimizing short and long-term goals
27. Balanced nutrient supply from organic sources
• Organic nutrient sources instead of synthetic mineral fertilizers
• Soil microorganisms as fertilization drivers
• Making optimal use of on-farm nutrient sources
• Avoiding nutrient losses
• Good nitrogen management
• Supplement nutrient supply- supply of farm fertilizers, use of
commercial fertilizers
• Important organic fertilizers- slurry, manure, compost, digestate or
liquid manure
• Organic commercial fertilizers- animal origin (horn products, feather
meal, meat bone meal), plant origin (potato fruit water and
concentrates, residues from maize processing), other (legume
fertilizers, biosol, hydrolysates).
• Valuable intercrops
30. Location Cropping system Sources
Jabalpur (MP) Basmati rice-wheat-berseem
(seed)
Vermicompost (VC) + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) + Non Edible Oil Cakes(NEOC)
@ 1/3 N
Coimbatore
(TN)
Cotton-maize-GM
Chillies-sunflower-GM
FYM + NEOC @ ½ N each +Panchagavya (PG)
Raipur (CG) Rice-chickpea Enriched compost (EC) + FYM + NEOC@ 1/3 N each + Bio dynamic (BD)+PG
Calicut
(Kerala)
Ginger-fallow FYM + Neem Cake (NC) + 2VC + PG + biodynamic + Rock phosphate(RP)
Dharwad
(Karnataka)
Groundnut-sorghum
Maize-chickpea
Chilli +onion
EC + VC + Green leaf manure (GLM) + biodynamic spray @ 12 g/ha with PG
spray
Karjat
(Maharashtra)
Rice-red pumpkin
Rice-cucumber
FYM + rice straw + glyricidia @ 1/3rd each of N during kharif and FYM + NC + VC
@ 1/3 each of N during rabi along with spray of PG
Ludhiana
(Punjab)
Maize-wheat-summer moong FYM + PG + BD in maize, FYM +PG inwheat and FYM alone in moong
Bhopal (MP) Soybean-wheat
Soybean-chickpea
Soybean-maize
FYM+PG + BD
Pantnagar
(Uttarakhand)
Basmati rice-wheat
Basmati rice-chickpea
Basmati rice-vegetable pea
FYM + VC + NC + EC @ ¼ N each + BD + PG
Ranchi
(Jharkhand)
Rice-wheat
Rice-potato
VC+ Karanj cake (KC) + BD+ PG
Umiam
(Meghalaya)
Rice-maize
Rice-toria
FYM + VC + PG
31. Weed control: prevent and regulate mechanically
• Avoidance of herbicides
• Combination of different measures
• Weed controlling crop rotation
• Efficient direct weed control with suitable equipment
• The most important cultivation practices- managing the
weed seed stock (false seedbed technique), blind
harrowing, regulation of annual weed seeds,
32. Identified weed management packages for various locations
Centre Cropping System Recommended practice
Raipur (CG) Rice-mustard Conoweeder with square planting for riceStale
seed bed for mustard
Coimbatore(TN) Rice-blackgram-GM 2 hand weeding + spray of aqueous leafextract at
3-4 leaf stage of weeds
Jabalpur (MP) Rice-wheat 2 hand weeding + spray at 3-4 leaf stageaqueous
spray of weeds
Dharwad
(Karnataka)
Groundnut Spray of cassia and Prosopis juliflora aspost
emergent
Ludhiana
(Punjab)
Basmati rice-wheat High density planting + hand weeding at25-30
DAT
Pantnagar
(Uttarakhand)
Basmati rice-wheat-
sesbania
one hand weeding at 25-30 DAT during kharif and 2
hand weeding at 25-30 and 45-50 DAS during rabi
Umiam
(Meghalaya)
Maize-mustard Mulching with fresh eupatorium/ambrosia@ 10 t/ha
(after earthing up)
34. • Healthy soil-healthy
plants
• Suitable choice of
species and varieties
• Targeted direct crop
protection
• Gentle biological
plant protection
• Targeted use of
biopesticides
35. Identified pest and disease management packages for various locations
Centre Cropping System Pest/disease Recommended practice
Modipuram
(Uttar Pradesh)
Basmati rice-chickpea
Basmati rice-mustard
- Summer ploughing +
green manure
incorporation
Calicut
(Kerala)
Ginger-fallow Shoot borer GEB 17 & 18, GRB 57
Bajaura
(Himachal
Pradesh)
Cauliflower-peas-
tomato
Fruit borer &Fruit rot Karvi (Roylea cinerea) @
10% aqeous leaf extract +
cow urine (3%) + tween-
80 (0.05%) as emulsifier
Umiam
(Meghalaya)
Maize +
soyabean
Monolapta Mylloceros
EphilechmaLeaf folder
Derisom (3 ml/l) + PG @
10% and cow urine 3%
Anomin 3 ml/litre or PG@
3%.
Rust PG @ 3% + lantana @
10% + vermiwash @ 10%
36. Preparation of bio-pesticide inputs recommended for organic farming
Name of the input Time, rate and purpose of application
Panchagavya 3% solution was found to be most effective compared to the higher and lower
concentrations investigated. 3 litres of Panchagavya to every 100 litres of water is ideal for
all crops.
Lantana leaf extract
10%
The extract is diluted with water @ 10% before spraying. This foliar spray act as insect-pest
repellent. It can be sprayed 3-4 times during the crop duration according to pest infestation.
Derisom It is applied as foliar spray @ 0.2% or 2 ml/lt. of water. It can be sprayed 2-3 times during
the crop duration according to pest infestation. Derisom has Karanjin as active principle and
acts as antifeedant and also acts on central nervous system of the Mites and Insect pests.
Derisom works as Acaricide (Miticide) and Insecticide.
Pestoneem It is a bio-based pest controller containing 0.5% Azadirachtin and other vital bio-energizers.
Application of pestoneem increase resistance to infestation of pest and disease.
Vermiwash This liquid manure is applied as foliar spray (10% solution) to the plants for better growth
and insect-pest and disease Management
Botanicals These extracts are applied as seed treatment before sowing which stimulates plant growth
and productivity and act as biopesticide too. Foliar spray and soil drenching were also done
in some cases.
Anonine Organic pesticide used as foliar spray @ 3 ml/lit.
37. Pest control formulations
• Liquid manures such as sanjivak, jivamrut, amritpani,
panchagavya, enriched panchagavya (or Dashagavya)
• Cow urine
• Fermented curd water
• Dashparni extract
• Neem-cow urine extract
• Mixed leaves extract
• Chilli-garlic extract
• Broad spectrum formulation-1 & 2.
38.
39. Animal husbandry: adapted to species and location
Key points
Linking of crop production
and Animal Husbandry
Animal-friendly husbandry
Species & performance-
appropriate feeding
Preventive animal health
41. Analysis of research data from various centres revealed the following
• Yield advantage (after 8th cycle across the locations): Basmati rice,
soybean, garlic, groundnut, cauliflower, tomato (4-6 %) & greengram,
onion, chilli, cabbage, turmeric (7-14 %).
• Yield reduction (after 8th cycle across the locations): Wheat, mustard,
lentil, potato, French bean (5-8 %).
• Soil organic carbon increased by 22 % under organic production over
inorganic in 6 years.
• Increase in soil microbes (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes) was observed in
all locations.
• Slight improvement in nutritional quality was observed in soybean,
turmeric, ginger under organic production.
[Indian Council of Agricultural Research took up a research programme on organic farming
during 10th Five-Year Plan, by establishing a ‘Network Project on Organic Farming (NPOF)’, to
study some agronomic aspects of organic farming and develop package of practices in arable
crops at 13 centres. Further, seven new centres were approved in XII plan to cover additional
crops (seed spices and tuber crops) and areas (hilly and rainfed regions)].
48. Production
• India produced around 2.75 million MT (2019-20) of certified organic
products which includes all varieties of food products namely Oil
Seeds, Sugar cane, Cereals & Millets, Cotton, Pulses, Aromatic
& Medicinal Plants, Tea, Coffee, Fruits, Spices, Dry Fruits,
Vegetables, Processed foods etc.
• The production is not limited to the edible sector but also produces
organic cotton fiber, functional food products etc.
• Among different states Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer
followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
• In terms of commodities Oil seeds are the single largest category
followed by Sugar crops, Cereals and Millets, Tea & Coffee, Fiber
crops, fodder, Pulses, Medicinal/ Herbal and Aromatic plants and
Spices & Condiments.
52. Exports
• The total volume of export during 2019-20 was 6.389 lakh
MT. The organic food export realization was around INR 4,686
crore (689 million USD).
• Organic products are exported to USA, European Union,
Canada, Switzerland, Australia, Japan, Israel, UAE, New
Zealand, Vietnam etc.
• In terms of export value realization Processed foods including
soya meal(45.87%) lead among the products followed by
Oilseeds (13.25%), Plantation crop products such as Tea and
Coffee(9.61%), Cereals and millets (8.19%), Spices and
condiments (5.20%), Dry fruits (4.98%,Sugar(3.91), Medicinal
plants(3.84%) and others.
53. As per the available statistics,
India's rank 8th in terms of World's
Organic Agricultural land and 1st in
terms of total number of producers
as per 2020 data
(Source: FIBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2020).
54.
55. Future prospects of organic farming in India
• Indian traditional farmers possess a deep insight based on their
knowledge, extensive observation, perseverance and practices for
maintaining soil fertility, and pest management which are found effective in
strengthening organic production and subsequent economic growth in
India.
• Various newer technologies have been invented in the field of organic
farming such as integration of mycorrhizal fungi and nano
biostimulants (to increase the agricultural productivity in an
environmentally friendly manner), mapping cultivation areas more
consciously through sensor technology and spatial geodata, 3D
printers (to help the country’s smallholder), production from side
streams and waste along with main commodities, promotion and
improvement of sustainable agriculture through innovation in drip
irrigation, precision agriculture, and agro-ecological practices.
• Another advancement in the development of organic farming is Bee
Scanning App, through which beekeepers can fight the Varroa destructor
parasite mite and also forms a basis for population modelling and
breeding programmes.
56. Future prospects of organic farming in India
• Inhana Rational Farming Technology developed on the principle
‘Element Energy Activation’ is a comprehensive organic method
for ensuring ecologically and economically sustainable crop
production and it is based on ancient Indian philosophy and modern
scientific knowledge.
• The technology works towards
(1) Energization of soil system: reactivation of soil-plant-
microflora dynamics by restoration of the population and efficiency of
the native soil microflora and
(2) Energization of plant system: restoration of the two defence
mechanisms of the plant kingdom that are nutrient use efficiency and
superior plant immunity against pest/disease infection.
57. Conclusion
• Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of
organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods
that are thought to be healthier and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps
ensures food safety from farm to plate.
• The organic farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional
farming. Organic farming keeps soil healthy and maintains environment
integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers.
• Moreover, the organic produce market is now the fastest growing market
all over the world including India.
• Organic agriculture promotes the health of consumers of a nation, the
ecological health of a nation, and the economic growth of a nation by
income generation holistically.
• India, at present, is the world’s largest organic producers and with this
vision, we can conclude that encouraging organic farming in India can
build a nutritionally, ecologically, and economically healthy nation in near
future.
58. References
• Das, Suryatapa, Annalakshmi Chatterjee, and Tapan Kumar Pal.
"Organic farming in India: a vision towards a healthy nation." Food
Quality and Safety 4, no. 2 (2020): 69-76.
• The world of organic agriculture statistics and emerging trends
(2021), https://www.fibl.org/fileadmin/documents/shop/1150-organic-
world-2021.pdf
• Dierauer, Hansueli; Niggli, Jeremias; Thanner, Sophie and van den
Berge, Paul (2021) Organic farming - Basic principles and good
practices. 1 edition. Dossier / Faktenblatt. Research Institute of
Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick.
• https://www.icar.org.in/files/Base-Paper-Organic-Farming-%20Base-
16-03-2015.pdf
• https://midh.gov.in/technology/Organic_Management_NHM.pdf