This document discusses different types of organic manures. It classifies manures as bulky (e.g. farm yard manure, vermicompost, green manure) or concentrated (e.g. mustard cake, groundnut cake) based on nutrient content. Organic manures provide nutrients to plants, improve soil properties, and control pests and diseases. Specific manures discussed in detail include farm yard manure, green manures, and vermicompost. Farm yard manure contains various nutrients and its application method is also described. Green manures are cover crops grown to add nutrients and matter to soil. Vermicompost is produced using earthworms to break down biodegradable waste

2. Rajendra Netam
Department of Agronomy

3. CONTENT :-
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF MANURE
ADVANTAGES
Nutritive Elements in different Organic Matters
Major sources of organic matter
Farm Yard Manure
Green Manures
VERMICOMPOST
REFERENCES

4. Manure are plant and animal
wastes that are used as sources
of plant nutrient.
They release nutrient after their
decomposition .
MANURE
INTRODUCTION :-

5. A. Bulky organic manures
bulky organic manure contain small percentage of nutrients and they are applied
in large quantities.
FYM, vermicompost , green manure, sheep and goat manure, poultry manure .
CLASSIFICATION OF MANURES
B. Concentrated organic manures
Concentrated organic manure have higher nutrients content than bulky organic
manure.
Mustard cake, groundnat cake, neem cake, mahua cake, blood meal, bone meal.

6. ORGANIC MANURE HAVE SEVERAL
ADVANTAGES
 supply plant nutrient including micronutrients.
 improve soil physical properties like structure, water holding
capacity.
 increase the availability of nutrient .
 Carbon di-oxide released during decomposition acts CO2 fertiliser .
 Plant parasitic namatodes and fungi are controlled to some extent by altering
the balance of microorganisms in the soil.

7. Nutritive Elements in different Organic Matters
Cow dung manure 2.5 0.2 0.5
Compost urban 1.8 1.0 1.4
Compost rural 0.5 0.15 0.5
Night soil 5.5 4.0 2.0
Groundnut cake 7.3 2.5 2.0
Castor cake 4.3 2.4 2.3
Neem cake 5.2 1.0 1.8
sludge 3.5 4.0 0.6
Nutritive elements(%)
N P2o5 K2o
Organic
matter

8. Major sources of organic matter
• Farmyard manure
• bio gas slurry
• Poultry manure
• By product of agro-waste industries
• Industrial waste material
• Sugar factory waste
• Oil cake
• Plants waste
• Crop residue
• Tree residue and aquatic weeds
• Urban and rural waste
• Sewage sludge

9. FYM is one of the oldest manure used by the farmers in
growing crops because of its easy availability and presence of all
the nutrients required by the plants.
Farmyard manure refers to the decomposed mixture of dung and
urine of farm animals along with their litter and left over material
from roughages or fodder fed to the cattle..
Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

10. Nutritional Profile of FYM (%)
Nitrogen 0.5
Phosphorus 0.25
Potassium 0.40
Calcium 0.08
Sulfur 0.02
Zinc 0.004
Copper 0.0003
Manganese 0.007
iron 0.45
Elements Value (%)

11. Methods of FYM Application :
FYM should be uniformly spread over soil surface and mixed thoroughly.
It should be applied 15-20 days before sowing or transplanting so that manure goes under ammonification
and nitrification process.
Application of undecomposed manure should not be applied.
Soil should have sufficient moisture at the time of application .
Usual rate of application ranges between 20-25 tones/ha for most of the crops. But it may show high as 50 to
100 tones/ha for vegetable, sugarcane etc.
Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

12. Green Manures
Green manure is a type of
cover crop grown primarily to
add nutrients and organic
matter to the soil.
They are grown for the
purpose of plowing them, thus
increasing fertility through the
incorporation of nutrients and
organic matter into the soil

14. VERMICOMPOST
• Vermicomposting is a
technology of composting
various forms of
biodegradable wastes with
the help of earthworms.
•This compost is perfectly
balanced and good in
plants nutrients.

15. Requirements
Earthworms:
Commonly following varities are used for vermicomposting
Eisenia foetida
Eudrilus eugeniae
Perionyx excavatus

16. Benefits of vermicompost
Vermicompost is a nutrient rich compost which:
 helps better plant growth and crop yield
 improves physical structure of soil.
 enriches soil with micro-organisms
 attracts deep- enriches earthworms already present in the soil
which,indirectly improves fertility of soil.
 increase water holding capacity of soil.
 enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield.
 improves root growth of plants.
 enriches soil with plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellic acid.
 it is helpful in elimination of biowastes .

17. Nutrient profile of vermicompost
Vermicompost contains :
1.6% Nitrogen;
0.7% Phosphorus;
0.8% Potash;
0.5% Calcium;
0.2% Magnesium;
175 ppm Iron;
96.5 ppm Manganese;
24.5 ppm Zinc
15.5 C:N ratio.