The document discusses who is responsible for climate change and preventing action to address it. It focuses on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which commits countries to preventing dangerous human interference with the climate system. While scientists have established that climate change is occurring and human-caused, taking political and economic action is difficult. Responsibility lies with governments, especially those that have delayed action like the US, and fossil fuel producers that have spread disinformation about the science. All individuals share some responsibility depending on their emissions.
Confront COVID-19 and Climate Change NowPaul H. Carr
COVID-19 & CLIMATE: BOTH GLOBAL, TEMPERATURE INCREASE
If we wait for a crisis, it’s too late:
Time after drastic action: COVID, months;
CLIMATE, century.
The COVID “stay in place” reduced greenhouse emissions up to 17%. Reduced population.
Non-US-Deficit Increasing solution: Carbon fee plus dividend for all.
What we can do: more vegetarian diet, less airline travel, more nuclear reactors
COVID-19 & CLIMATE
If one waits until it’s serious, it’s too late.
Mother Nature has the whole world in her hands.
Need Science to understand, diagnose, and predict
Global problem: National boundaries do not matter
Need United Nations (World Health Organization) for collective action
COVID-19 is reducing climate change.
Reduction of fossil fuel burning is:
1. Clearing our atmosphere &
2. 17% in CO2 reduction is slowing global warming.
TIMESCALE AFTER DRASTIC ACTION.
COVID-19: Months for results.
CLIMATE CHANGE REDUCTIONS:
NO2: Cleaner Air In Months
CO2: Many Decades to Reduce:
Sea Level Rise
Heat Waves
Forest Fires,
Hurricane Intensity
CONCLUSION:
Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 10 years.
“A stitch in time saves nine.”
Small Modular Nuclear Reactors for carbon free electricity, 24/7.
MIT Study. A nuclear buildup could completely decarbonize the electric power structure.
COOL CUMMUNITY SOLUTION
• Capitalistic Carbon Fee plus Dividend. www.CitizensClimateLobby.com
• The COVID-19 low price of oil will help. People used to higher oil prices.
The Bush administration is aggressively pushing industries to voluntarily commit to specific reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2012 in an effort to demonstrate that mandatory reductions are unnecessary. Senior officials are collecting written promises from industries to curb emissions. While the administration says this approach can work, many scientists and environmental groups say the targeted reductions are too modest and binding international agreements are still needed to adequately address climate change. There is also criticism that the effort is really a mandatory program disguised as voluntary.
160416 Should the prevention of long term climate change be put before the de...Sam Norman
The document discusses whether preventing long-term climate change should take priority over the development of LEDCs. It argues that preventing LEDC development in the short-term could help limit global temperature rise to under 2°C by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are significant ethical issues and challenges with implementing this strategy. International cooperation would be required but has often failed due to voluntary components and inadequate funding in climate agreements. Complete prevention of development would also be difficult and prolong living conditions in LEDCs that include high mortality rates and lower life expectancy.
Climate change is any change in climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity and that alters the composition of the global atmosphere (United Nations 1992). Climate change is caused by the increment of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and land use (United Nations 1992). This causes increased radiation of infrared rays back to the earth hence temperature increases through the greenhouse gas effect.
Climate change worldwide is affecting biophysical and social systems (Maitima. J. et al 2009). The spatial extent and intensity of these effects vary geographically from one place to another depending on the location in the global atmospheric systems, regional settings, land cover, land use patterns, topography and weather patterns (Maitima. J. et al 2009). These effects have become a major concern for most countries of the world due to their longterm implications and adverse effects on development activities with developing and underdeveloped nations being the most affected (ECOLAO 2012) Indigenous people are most vulnerable to impacts of climate change due to their high reliance on climate sensitive natural resources, inhabitation of fragile ecosystems and social, economic plus political marginalization (ECOLAO 2012).
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty (also known as a multilateral environmental agreement) that was opened for signature at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and came into force in 1994.
The ultimate objective of the Convention is to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system." It states that "such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.“ 194 countries signed the UNFCCC showing near universal agreement that there is a problem and that action is required against climate change.
Australian coal reserves and resources alone could exceed global coal carbon budgets and attempts to avoid dangerous climate change. Investors in our coal resources are taking high risk gambles on global climate inaction, the deployment of carbon capture and storage technology or significantly increasing Australia’s share of global coal markets. Governments, investors and even many coal companies say they take climate change seriously, but this report shows that if they did, their Australian investments could be a costly speculative bubble.
The document summarizes domestic media coverage of the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate from July 2005 to September 2005. It provides a list of over 30 news articles from sources like Reuters, The Economist, and the New York Times that discuss the partnership and reactions to it. Many articles note criticism that the partnership is an attempt by the US and others to undermine the Kyoto Protocol.
This document summarizes a report on climate change that discusses: (1) how climate change poses life-threatening dangers and increasing global temperatures are causing more extreme weather events; (2) efforts by the UN and governments to negotiate new treaties by 2015 to reduce emissions, though developing countries resist restrictions on economic growth; and (3) predictions that the world will warm dangerously without action and failure to limit emissions could lead to severe consequences for humanity and nature.
Confront COVID-19 and Climate Change NowPaul H. Carr
COVID-19 & CLIMATE: BOTH GLOBAL, TEMPERATURE INCREASE
If we wait for a crisis, it’s too late:
Time after drastic action: COVID, months;
CLIMATE, century.
The COVID “stay in place” reduced greenhouse emissions up to 17%. Reduced population.
Non-US-Deficit Increasing solution: Carbon fee plus dividend for all.
What we can do: more vegetarian diet, less airline travel, more nuclear reactors
COVID-19 & CLIMATE
If one waits until it’s serious, it’s too late.
Mother Nature has the whole world in her hands.
Need Science to understand, diagnose, and predict
Global problem: National boundaries do not matter
Need United Nations (World Health Organization) for collective action
COVID-19 is reducing climate change.
Reduction of fossil fuel burning is:
1. Clearing our atmosphere &
2. 17% in CO2 reduction is slowing global warming.
TIMESCALE AFTER DRASTIC ACTION.
COVID-19: Months for results.
CLIMATE CHANGE REDUCTIONS:
NO2: Cleaner Air In Months
CO2: Many Decades to Reduce:
Sea Level Rise
Heat Waves
Forest Fires,
Hurricane Intensity
CONCLUSION:
Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 10 years.
“A stitch in time saves nine.”
Small Modular Nuclear Reactors for carbon free electricity, 24/7.
MIT Study. A nuclear buildup could completely decarbonize the electric power structure.
COOL CUMMUNITY SOLUTION
• Capitalistic Carbon Fee plus Dividend. www.CitizensClimateLobby.com
• The COVID-19 low price of oil will help. People used to higher oil prices.
The Bush administration is aggressively pushing industries to voluntarily commit to specific reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2012 in an effort to demonstrate that mandatory reductions are unnecessary. Senior officials are collecting written promises from industries to curb emissions. While the administration says this approach can work, many scientists and environmental groups say the targeted reductions are too modest and binding international agreements are still needed to adequately address climate change. There is also criticism that the effort is really a mandatory program disguised as voluntary.
160416 Should the prevention of long term climate change be put before the de...Sam Norman
The document discusses whether preventing long-term climate change should take priority over the development of LEDCs. It argues that preventing LEDC development in the short-term could help limit global temperature rise to under 2°C by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are significant ethical issues and challenges with implementing this strategy. International cooperation would be required but has often failed due to voluntary components and inadequate funding in climate agreements. Complete prevention of development would also be difficult and prolong living conditions in LEDCs that include high mortality rates and lower life expectancy.
Climate change is any change in climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity and that alters the composition of the global atmosphere (United Nations 1992). Climate change is caused by the increment of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and land use (United Nations 1992). This causes increased radiation of infrared rays back to the earth hence temperature increases through the greenhouse gas effect.
Climate change worldwide is affecting biophysical and social systems (Maitima. J. et al 2009). The spatial extent and intensity of these effects vary geographically from one place to another depending on the location in the global atmospheric systems, regional settings, land cover, land use patterns, topography and weather patterns (Maitima. J. et al 2009). These effects have become a major concern for most countries of the world due to their longterm implications and adverse effects on development activities with developing and underdeveloped nations being the most affected (ECOLAO 2012) Indigenous people are most vulnerable to impacts of climate change due to their high reliance on climate sensitive natural resources, inhabitation of fragile ecosystems and social, economic plus political marginalization (ECOLAO 2012).
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty (also known as a multilateral environmental agreement) that was opened for signature at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and came into force in 1994.
The ultimate objective of the Convention is to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system." It states that "such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.“ 194 countries signed the UNFCCC showing near universal agreement that there is a problem and that action is required against climate change.
Australian coal reserves and resources alone could exceed global coal carbon budgets and attempts to avoid dangerous climate change. Investors in our coal resources are taking high risk gambles on global climate inaction, the deployment of carbon capture and storage technology or significantly increasing Australia’s share of global coal markets. Governments, investors and even many coal companies say they take climate change seriously, but this report shows that if they did, their Australian investments could be a costly speculative bubble.
The document summarizes domestic media coverage of the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate from July 2005 to September 2005. It provides a list of over 30 news articles from sources like Reuters, The Economist, and the New York Times that discuss the partnership and reactions to it. Many articles note criticism that the partnership is an attempt by the US and others to undermine the Kyoto Protocol.
This document summarizes a report on climate change that discusses: (1) how climate change poses life-threatening dangers and increasing global temperatures are causing more extreme weather events; (2) efforts by the UN and governments to negotiate new treaties by 2015 to reduce emissions, though developing countries resist restrictions on economic growth; and (3) predictions that the world will warm dangerously without action and failure to limit emissions could lead to severe consequences for humanity and nature.
The document discusses the role of batteries in enabling a green economy. It argues that batteries are key to energy storage, which is important for enabling clean technologies, transportation, and renewable energy sources. The battery industry represents an opportunity to improve performance and safety, empower new markets, and promote environmental sustainability through eco-labeling and accreditation standards. A truly green economy will require collaboration between government, business, and consumers to distinguish truly green products and drive innovation in green technologies like batteries.
Carbon, the way we view it, measure it, control it and price it has come to dominate debates of all kinds. So, what's it all about?
This is the starting point of a 'Carbon 101' guide released by The Climate Institute, alongside a podcast narration by Andrew Demetriou, CEO of the Australian Football League and Dr Graeme Pearman, former head of CSIRO Atmospheric Research. This presentation summarises the book and podcast. Both are available on The Climate Institute's website: www.climateinstitute.org.au/carbon-101.html
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on climate risk given by Michel Rochette. The presentation covers physical evidence of climate change, observed and projected impacts such as rising temperatures and sea levels, government and industry efforts to address climate change, and risks to businesses from climate change including regulatory, investment, litigation, physical, and reputational risks. The presentation also discusses proposed disclosure requirements from organizations like the SEC, Carbon Disclosure Project, and Global Reporting Initiative regarding companies' climate-related risks and impacts.
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Global Climate Leadership Review 2013. It provides an overview of Australian climate policy in a global context, as well as elaborating on the implications of global climate diplomacy and domestic actions for Australia. For more information, visit http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/global-climate-leadership-review-2013.html.
Seeds of actions on Climate Change, Is it now India’s moment? TERRE Policy Centre
The document discusses India seizing the opportunity to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the Montreal Protocol. It summarizes the recent agreement between the US and China to work together to phase down HFCs and how this opens the door for significant progress this year. It argues that leadership from India in supporting the HFC agreement would show the largest emitters working together to address climate change and could be viewed as a turning point in climate protection efforts.
WWF: Policy Expectations for COP 19 WarsawWWF ITALIA
Oggi possiamo salvare il clima e conquistare un futuro di benessere per noi e i nostri figli. Bruciare i combustibili fossili per procurarsi energia e calore ha portato la concentrazione di CO2 in atmosfera ai livelli di 3 milioni di anni fa. Dobbiamo riconquistare l'energia, puntare sulle fonti rinnovabili e l’efficienza energetica. Occorre investire le risorse pubbliche e private nel nostro futuro. E invece i nostri soldi continuano a finanziare il passato fossile. E' ora di cambiare noi, non il clima." Mariagrazia Midulla, Responsabile Clima ed Energia
http://www.wwf.it/riprenditilenergia.cfm
The document discusses greenhouse gas emissions and efforts to reduce them under the Kyoto Protocol. It focuses on the example of South Africa. The Kyoto Protocol established mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism to encourage developing countries to voluntarily reduce emissions and benefit financially. The authors examine factors impacting the viability of these projects in South Africa and suggest that given financial incentives, the CDM could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from existing South African industry.
Climate change poses serious threats to Australia through worsening droughts that impact health, the economy, agriculture and native species. Global environmental governance has been ineffective in addressing climate change due to a lack of coordination, fragmented institutions, difficulty achieving collective action, and failure to establish an enforcement framework. The document recommends that Australia reinstate its carbon tax and ensure climate change remains on the G20 agenda to increase accountability of countries' commitments.
The document is an op-ed commentary criticizing the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act (S. 139). It argues that the bill would establish a precedent for increased regulation of carbon emissions that could lead to energy rationing over time. It also argues that the economic analysis used to justify the bill, from the IPSEP study, is flawed because it relies on unrealistic assumptions about energy technology advances from increased research funding and ignores opportunity costs. The commentary concludes that the bill would not produce economic benefits and would grow the economic damage over time.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement aimed at addressing climate change by regulating greenhouse gas emissions. It examines the Kyoto Protocol's effectiveness by comparing it to other international environmental agreements like the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and Montreal Protocol. The document analyzes climate change and greenhouse gas emissions as a tragedy of the commons problem. It evaluates the Kyoto Protocol's mechanisms for regulating emissions and incentivizing reductions, finding they have faced challenges in achieving emissions targets due to competing interests among nations and industries.
Kenner, 2016. Reducing inequality and carbon footprints within countriesDario Kenner
This document summarizes a report by Piketty and Chancel that found extreme inequality in carbon footprints within countries. The author agrees with the report's focus on high individual emitters rather than countries. Specifically:
- The report found the richest 1% in the US have the highest carbon footprints globally at 318 tons of CO2 per person annually, far above the poorest 10% at 3.6 tons.
- Only the carbon footprints of the richest 1% have increased since 1998, showing carbon inequality is worsening alongside income inequality.
- Total emissions must be reduced in high-emitting countries like the US, requiring reductions across all income groups, but priority should be given to targeting
The document discusses air pollution and greenhouse gases. It defines air pollution as the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health, biodiversity, and the environment. It identifies major air pollutants such as soot, smog and greenhouse gases that come primarily from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and industry. The document notes that air pollution and greenhouse gases can have significant health impacts by worsening respiratory and cardiac conditions and increasing cancer risks. It provides data on annual PM2.5 concentrations and trends in global and US greenhouse gas emissions over time.
'Drowning Earth' - Magazine-style report on Climate Change. - Data VisualizationDarshan Gorasiya
The document discusses climate change and global warming trends based on data from EU countries. It finds that the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in the EU are Germany, France, the UK, and Italy, together accounting for over 50% of emissions. While emissions from most large countries have leveled off or decreased slightly since 1990, Turkey's emissions continue to rise steadily. The energy sector produces the most greenhouse gases, followed by transportation, industry, and agriculture. Renewable energy consumption has increased substantially globally since 1997 but more investment is still needed to meet rising energy demands. Projections estimate natural gas and renewables will grow significantly as electricity sources through 2050.
1) Diplomatic efforts over the past two decades to control carbon dioxide emissions through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol have largely failed, as emissions continue to rise and the world is warming.
2) A new approach is needed that focuses on shorter-lived climate pollutants like soot, which new science shows cause almost half of current global warming. Reducing these pollutants could lead to more tangible near-term impacts and build credibility in the international regime.
3) At the same time, more work is needed on adaptation strategies to help societies cope with the impacts of climate change that can no longer be avoided, such as by creating networks of local experts and officials on the front lines of adaptation.
Milwaukee Area Technical College Presentation - 2015 Green Vehicles Workshop ...Wisconsin Clean Cities
This document summarizes a presentation on the effects of transportation emissions on air quality in Southeastern Wisconsin. It discusses how combustion of fuels like gasoline and diesel produces particles and gases that can lead to ground-level ozone formation through reactions with nitrogen oxides and other compounds. Areas that exceed ozone limits are designated as "nonattainment zones" and required to take measures to reduce emissions. The document also briefly discusses climate change and the need to transition away from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Today, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are around 50 per cent higher than they were 20 years ago, and have been rising each year. This kind of change to the chemical mixture in the air doesn’t come without consequences. Acting like a blanket, the build-up of greenhouse gases is the main reason why the average global temperature has risen by nearly 1°C in the last century. This booklet explains why a rise of only a few degrees in the average global temperature risks our prosperity, security, and health. It explains why it is so important to reverse the rise in emissions within the decade. And why it is still within our means to do so. For more information visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/dangerous-degrees.html
1.8.2022 accelerating-climate-action-usR. Jay Olson
Since Joe Biden took office in 2021, bold steps have been taken to address climate change and reengage in international diplomacy. But on December 19, 2021, Senator Manchin torpedoed Biden’s signature $1.9 trillion Build Back Better bill. So, what’s next? What can be done now to heighten urgency around the climate change crisis and accelerate transformation to a clean energy future in the U.S.? Learn how bold leadership and increased grassroots efforts can make a difference.
Climate Change - Challenges for Development, Ethical Considerations...guest0647b9f
The document discusses climate change and the need for climate justice from a faith perspective. It provides background on climate change, its causes, and visible consequences. It frames climate change as a moral issue that threatens the most vulnerable. Actions are needed at both individual and structural levels to mitigate further impacts and advocate for policies that limit warming and support developing countries in adapting to impacts.
Per Capita Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Country For The Year 200...Ian McDowell
The document discusses greenhouse gas emissions by country for the year 2000 and targets for 2020 and 2050. It notes that developed countries like the US, EU, Japan, and Canada need to significantly reduce emissions by 50-80% below 1990 levels by 2050 to meet targets. For developing countries like China and India, it acknowledges their increasing emissions as economies grow but that they will need to take on more of the global effort to reduce emissions over time. It concludes that achieving ambitious global emissions reduction targets will require targeting reductions from coal first through carbon sequestration technology and a worldwide shift to electric vehicles.
The document discusses the role of batteries in enabling a green economy. It argues that batteries are key to energy storage, which is important for enabling clean technologies, transportation, and renewable energy sources. The battery industry represents an opportunity to improve performance and safety, empower new markets, and promote environmental sustainability through eco-labeling and accreditation standards. A truly green economy will require collaboration between government, business, and consumers to distinguish truly green products and drive innovation in green technologies like batteries.
Carbon, the way we view it, measure it, control it and price it has come to dominate debates of all kinds. So, what's it all about?
This is the starting point of a 'Carbon 101' guide released by The Climate Institute, alongside a podcast narration by Andrew Demetriou, CEO of the Australian Football League and Dr Graeme Pearman, former head of CSIRO Atmospheric Research. This presentation summarises the book and podcast. Both are available on The Climate Institute's website: www.climateinstitute.org.au/carbon-101.html
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on climate risk given by Michel Rochette. The presentation covers physical evidence of climate change, observed and projected impacts such as rising temperatures and sea levels, government and industry efforts to address climate change, and risks to businesses from climate change including regulatory, investment, litigation, physical, and reputational risks. The presentation also discusses proposed disclosure requirements from organizations like the SEC, Carbon Disclosure Project, and Global Reporting Initiative regarding companies' climate-related risks and impacts.
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Global Climate Leadership Review 2013. It provides an overview of Australian climate policy in a global context, as well as elaborating on the implications of global climate diplomacy and domestic actions for Australia. For more information, visit http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/global-climate-leadership-review-2013.html.
Seeds of actions on Climate Change, Is it now India’s moment? TERRE Policy Centre
The document discusses India seizing the opportunity to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the Montreal Protocol. It summarizes the recent agreement between the US and China to work together to phase down HFCs and how this opens the door for significant progress this year. It argues that leadership from India in supporting the HFC agreement would show the largest emitters working together to address climate change and could be viewed as a turning point in climate protection efforts.
WWF: Policy Expectations for COP 19 WarsawWWF ITALIA
Oggi possiamo salvare il clima e conquistare un futuro di benessere per noi e i nostri figli. Bruciare i combustibili fossili per procurarsi energia e calore ha portato la concentrazione di CO2 in atmosfera ai livelli di 3 milioni di anni fa. Dobbiamo riconquistare l'energia, puntare sulle fonti rinnovabili e l’efficienza energetica. Occorre investire le risorse pubbliche e private nel nostro futuro. E invece i nostri soldi continuano a finanziare il passato fossile. E' ora di cambiare noi, non il clima." Mariagrazia Midulla, Responsabile Clima ed Energia
http://www.wwf.it/riprenditilenergia.cfm
The document discusses greenhouse gas emissions and efforts to reduce them under the Kyoto Protocol. It focuses on the example of South Africa. The Kyoto Protocol established mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism to encourage developing countries to voluntarily reduce emissions and benefit financially. The authors examine factors impacting the viability of these projects in South Africa and suggest that given financial incentives, the CDM could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from existing South African industry.
Climate change poses serious threats to Australia through worsening droughts that impact health, the economy, agriculture and native species. Global environmental governance has been ineffective in addressing climate change due to a lack of coordination, fragmented institutions, difficulty achieving collective action, and failure to establish an enforcement framework. The document recommends that Australia reinstate its carbon tax and ensure climate change remains on the G20 agenda to increase accountability of countries' commitments.
The document is an op-ed commentary criticizing the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act (S. 139). It argues that the bill would establish a precedent for increased regulation of carbon emissions that could lead to energy rationing over time. It also argues that the economic analysis used to justify the bill, from the IPSEP study, is flawed because it relies on unrealistic assumptions about energy technology advances from increased research funding and ignores opportunity costs. The commentary concludes that the bill would not produce economic benefits and would grow the economic damage over time.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement aimed at addressing climate change by regulating greenhouse gas emissions. It examines the Kyoto Protocol's effectiveness by comparing it to other international environmental agreements like the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and Montreal Protocol. The document analyzes climate change and greenhouse gas emissions as a tragedy of the commons problem. It evaluates the Kyoto Protocol's mechanisms for regulating emissions and incentivizing reductions, finding they have faced challenges in achieving emissions targets due to competing interests among nations and industries.
Kenner, 2016. Reducing inequality and carbon footprints within countriesDario Kenner
This document summarizes a report by Piketty and Chancel that found extreme inequality in carbon footprints within countries. The author agrees with the report's focus on high individual emitters rather than countries. Specifically:
- The report found the richest 1% in the US have the highest carbon footprints globally at 318 tons of CO2 per person annually, far above the poorest 10% at 3.6 tons.
- Only the carbon footprints of the richest 1% have increased since 1998, showing carbon inequality is worsening alongside income inequality.
- Total emissions must be reduced in high-emitting countries like the US, requiring reductions across all income groups, but priority should be given to targeting
The document discusses air pollution and greenhouse gases. It defines air pollution as the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health, biodiversity, and the environment. It identifies major air pollutants such as soot, smog and greenhouse gases that come primarily from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and industry. The document notes that air pollution and greenhouse gases can have significant health impacts by worsening respiratory and cardiac conditions and increasing cancer risks. It provides data on annual PM2.5 concentrations and trends in global and US greenhouse gas emissions over time.
'Drowning Earth' - Magazine-style report on Climate Change. - Data VisualizationDarshan Gorasiya
The document discusses climate change and global warming trends based on data from EU countries. It finds that the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in the EU are Germany, France, the UK, and Italy, together accounting for over 50% of emissions. While emissions from most large countries have leveled off or decreased slightly since 1990, Turkey's emissions continue to rise steadily. The energy sector produces the most greenhouse gases, followed by transportation, industry, and agriculture. Renewable energy consumption has increased substantially globally since 1997 but more investment is still needed to meet rising energy demands. Projections estimate natural gas and renewables will grow significantly as electricity sources through 2050.
1) Diplomatic efforts over the past two decades to control carbon dioxide emissions through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol have largely failed, as emissions continue to rise and the world is warming.
2) A new approach is needed that focuses on shorter-lived climate pollutants like soot, which new science shows cause almost half of current global warming. Reducing these pollutants could lead to more tangible near-term impacts and build credibility in the international regime.
3) At the same time, more work is needed on adaptation strategies to help societies cope with the impacts of climate change that can no longer be avoided, such as by creating networks of local experts and officials on the front lines of adaptation.
Milwaukee Area Technical College Presentation - 2015 Green Vehicles Workshop ...Wisconsin Clean Cities
This document summarizes a presentation on the effects of transportation emissions on air quality in Southeastern Wisconsin. It discusses how combustion of fuels like gasoline and diesel produces particles and gases that can lead to ground-level ozone formation through reactions with nitrogen oxides and other compounds. Areas that exceed ozone limits are designated as "nonattainment zones" and required to take measures to reduce emissions. The document also briefly discusses climate change and the need to transition away from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Today, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are around 50 per cent higher than they were 20 years ago, and have been rising each year. This kind of change to the chemical mixture in the air doesn’t come without consequences. Acting like a blanket, the build-up of greenhouse gases is the main reason why the average global temperature has risen by nearly 1°C in the last century. This booklet explains why a rise of only a few degrees in the average global temperature risks our prosperity, security, and health. It explains why it is so important to reverse the rise in emissions within the decade. And why it is still within our means to do so. For more information visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/dangerous-degrees.html
1.8.2022 accelerating-climate-action-usR. Jay Olson
Since Joe Biden took office in 2021, bold steps have been taken to address climate change and reengage in international diplomacy. But on December 19, 2021, Senator Manchin torpedoed Biden’s signature $1.9 trillion Build Back Better bill. So, what’s next? What can be done now to heighten urgency around the climate change crisis and accelerate transformation to a clean energy future in the U.S.? Learn how bold leadership and increased grassroots efforts can make a difference.
Climate Change - Challenges for Development, Ethical Considerations...guest0647b9f
The document discusses climate change and the need for climate justice from a faith perspective. It provides background on climate change, its causes, and visible consequences. It frames climate change as a moral issue that threatens the most vulnerable. Actions are needed at both individual and structural levels to mitigate further impacts and advocate for policies that limit warming and support developing countries in adapting to impacts.
Per Capita Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Country For The Year 200...Ian McDowell
The document discusses greenhouse gas emissions by country for the year 2000 and targets for 2020 and 2050. It notes that developed countries like the US, EU, Japan, and Canada need to significantly reduce emissions by 50-80% below 1990 levels by 2050 to meet targets. For developing countries like China and India, it acknowledges their increasing emissions as economies grow but that they will need to take on more of the global effort to reduce emissions over time. It concludes that achieving ambitious global emissions reduction targets will require targeting reductions from coal first through carbon sequestration technology and a worldwide shift to electric vehicles.
The document discusses several topics related to global environmental politics and climate change, including:
1) It provides background on climate change science and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
2) It examines the impacts of climate change such as increased hurricane intensity and risks to health, as well as potential economic costs of climate change impacts.
3) It reviews two major international agreements - the Montreal Protocol which regulated ozone depleting substances and the Kyoto Protocol which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Key aspects of these agreements and their relative success are summarized.
Climate change is a global problem caused by increased CO2 and other greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation over the last 100 years. This has led to increased global temperatures and climate change. While some regions may benefit, others will experience serious harmful impacts like more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and impacts on ecosystems. If warming is not limited to 2°C, the costs of these impacts will continue to rise significantly. Although developing countries contribute little to causing climate change, they are often the most vulnerable to its effects. The UN aims to finalize a new global climate agreement in Paris in December 2015 to limit warming through national commitments, but some major countries still need to strengthen their pledges to
A briefing from the Poznan Climate Change ConferenceLeonardo ENERGY
The document summarizes key discussions and outcomes from the Poznan Climate Change Conference (COP14) in January 2009. It provides background on climate science and the UNFCCC process. Discussions focused on negotiating a post-Kyoto agreement and increasing climate action by all countries. Progress was made on adaptation funding but not on emissions reductions commitments. Developing countries expressed frustration with the pace of negotiations. Al Gore called for bolder climate targets and linking emissions reductions to poverty reduction.
RACE reading material series - Global Warmingraceforgreen
This brief write-up was supplied to the students and participants before they joined the discussion event on 09-April-2011 in Vivekananda Library, Suri.
This document outlines key points about climate change, its impacts, and adaptation efforts in India and the UK. It discusses:
1) Key findings from the IPCC on the impacts of climate change globally and for India, including increased temperatures, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events.
2) How climate change threatens achievement of the UN Millennium Development Goals and endangers India's development by worsening issues like water scarcity, food insecurity, and health impacts.
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Este es un paper que se refiere a la relación entre economía y cambio clímatico.
Actividad: Reconozca y resuma 5 Argumentos que expone el paper y redactelos en no más de 2000 caracteres. La respuesta DEBE ser en inglés. (Es el texto en inglés poh!)
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Geographical Information and use of it,
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Global warming refers to the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth due to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the lower atmosphere, resulting in global temperature increases. According to scientists, human activities that produce greenhouse gases, like the excessive use of fossil fuels, are the major contributor to current global warming trends. Industrialized countries bear more responsibility for reducing emissions given that they have historically emitted more greenhouse gases and the developing world still seeks to industrialize. While technology exists to help reduce emissions, the larger challenge will be changing human behavior on a global scale to transition societies to a low-carbon future within the next 30-40 years.
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Oreskes taiwan lecture who is responsible
1. Who is Responsible for Climate Change?
Naomi Oreskes, University of California, San Diego
University system of Taiwan International Workshop
“Crises and Opportunities in Environmental Study” February 2013
2. Focuses on who is responsible for
preventing action on climate
change in the USA
3. But who is responsible for climate change?
Can we use the concept of responsibility to
help move forward action?
4. 1992:
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
Commits signatories to prevent
“dangerous anthropogenic interference”…
in climate system
http://unfccc.int/key_documents/the_convention/items/2853.php
http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php
6. UNFCCC invokes a science-driven framework
Article 2 commits signatories to
“…stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system.…
http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php
7. “…dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.…
Defined as interference that threatens:
Biodiversity
Food production
Sustainable economic development
http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php
8. ARTICLE 2:
OBJECTIVE
The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal
.
instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve,
in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention,
stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with
the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-
frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate
change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable
economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php
10. For most of past 50 years, climate change has
been framed and interpreted primarily as a
scientific problem:
Is climate change happening?
Is it caused by human activities?
What will the effects be in the future?
What, if any thing, can be done (technically) to
stop or slow DAI?
http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php
16. Isotope data show the CO2 comes from organic
sources—i.e., wood, fossil fuels—and not
volcanoes…
17.
18. What will the effects be in the future?
Future is less certain than the past,
but broad agreement that unmitigated warming
will lead to significant disruptions:
Sea level rise and associated storm surge, coastal
erosion
Extreme weather events (tropical storm
intensification)
Droughts, wild fires, heat waves crop failures
Loss of biodiversity (esp. in Arctic regions, high
elevations)
Loss of Arctic sea ice cultural losses, ocean
circulation
19. What, if any thing, can be done to stop or slow
DAI?
20. Greatly reduce, ultimately eliminate, the
greenhouse gas emissions that are the primary
drivers of DAI
Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC:
Specific targets for GHG reductions among
Annex I nations.
Targets ranged from -20% (Germany) to +25
(Greece) compared to 1990 baseline
21. Reducing GHG emissions is not primarily a
scientific problem.
It is a political problem agreement
(treaties, conventions, protocols, trade
It is a technological problem
Conversion of energy system
It is a social problem:
Political and cultural support for (1) and (2)
22. So responsibility shifts, from scientists, who have
identified, articulated, and explained the problem
to…?
24. 1) Governments?
2) Those who have delayed action?
3) Producers of fossil fuels?
4) Business community (to develop
alternatives)?
5) All of us? (but some more than others?)
25. 1) Governments?
UNFCCC focuses on nation-states
“State-actors.”
Not surprisingly, because nation-state
governments negotiated it.
26. “Common but differentiated responsibility”
All countries share responsibility, but the
degree of responsibility varies according to
how much those countries have contributed to
the problem.
27. “Common but differentiated responsibility”
Annex I Nations
Industrialized and “EIT”—economies in transition
—wealthy countries that largely became wealthy
by tapping energy in fossil fuels.
Large historic (cumulative) emissions
Therefore the countries most responsible for the
GHG in atmosphere that are driving DAI
28. Annex I Nations:
In 1992: Big three: U.K., USA, and Germany
(and then the rest of Europe):
Wealthy, highly industrialized, industrialized first.
Rest of world played almost no role till past 30 years
30. USA refused to sign onto Kyoto Protocol
Canada withdrew in 2011
31. USA emissions overall since 1990
up 10%
Canada: up 30%
(v. promise of -6%)
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions usinventoryreport.html
32. In Contrast,
UK: 18% cut
Germany: 26%
EU on track to cut 20% by 2020
33. USA and Canada are most responsible for
continued increase in GHG emissions among
Annex I countries.
It is clearly possible for wealthy countries to cut
their emissions, without serious economic harm.
Economic and energy policies affect total GHG
emissions.
34. What about (mainland) China?
USA: President George W. Bush said he was
unwilling to support any international agreement
that did not include India and China
How much has China contributed to climate
change?
35. Cumulative Emissions by Nation:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1800-2010 355.04 26.6% 96,895,773
36,001,807 16,587,634 657,416 275,065 4.90 1,335,852
USSR + RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1830-2010 144.44 10.8% 39,420,652
12,072,592 9,059,188 615,232 219,929 3.43 83,957
CHINA 1901-2010 116.50 8.7% 31,793,584 24,506,552 4,795,
2,495,532 8,355 1.43 43,692
GERMANY + EAST + WEST 1792-2010 83.94 6.3% 22,907,756
4,652,392 1,462,399 316,726 13,370 2.61 271,935
UNITED KINGDOM 1751-2010 74.36 5.6% 20,295,047 15,260
1,447,366 130,394 52,623 2.32 366,089
JAPAN + JAPAN 1868-2010 53.55 4.0% 14,613,648 5,199,679
1,092,940 499,742 364 2.59 453,838
INDIA 1858-2010 37.60 2.8% 10,262,521 7,331,234 2,206,
398,045 40,550 0.40 50,998
FRANCE 1802-2010 34.72 2.6% 9,474,341 5,007,702 3,532,
187,244 13,162 1.66 198,683
CANADA 1785-2010 27.08 2.0% 7,390,738 2,404,062
1,623,291 79,395 61,216 4.46 101,526
POLAND 1800-2010 24.32 1.8% 6,637,012 5,702,594
104,802 154 2.26 15,047
36. Dramatic increase in Chinese emissions in last
three decades: Now about 9-10%
(surpassing UK and Germany)
37. Per capita cumulative emissions, picture is different
The average Chinese citizen has contributed only about 1/10 th the average
U.S. citizen , still well behind UK, Germany, Russia, Canada and Japan
38. If we just look at present (2009):
World average: 4.5 metric tons
per capita:
USA 17.3
France: 5.6
China: 5.7
Taiwan: 3.0 (2008)
(up from 1.7 in 1989)
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC/countries?display=graph
39. China is catching up with Europe in per capita
GHG production, and with USA in total annual
emissions, but still lags far behind USA both in
cumulative and per capita emissions.
40. One more consideration:
How much of China’s GHG production is in
manufacture of goods for export markets,
mostly in USA and Europe?
41. 1) Governments?
2) Those who have delayed action?
3) Producers of fossil fuels?
4) Business community
(to develop alternatives)?
5) All of us? (but some more than others?)
42. What about those who have
contributed to the delay in action
in the United States?
43. Yale/ Gallup Poll, Summer of 2007:
40% think scientists are still arguing facts of
climate change.
44. Studies
consistently show
that if people
think scientists
are uncertain
about reality of
climate change,
they will be
uncertain as well.
45. “Uncertainty”—the idea that we
don’t really know”—was the
primary message promoted by
the “Merchants of Doubt.”
46.
47.
48. 30-40% of Americans still think that
observed changes in climate can be
mostly or entirely explained by natural
variability
http://environment.yale.edu/news/Research/5310/americ
an-opinions-on-global-warming-summary/
50. Palin Not Convinced on Global
Warming Washington Post,
8/31/08
“…Sarah Palin told voters she wasn’t sure
climate change wasn’t simply part of a
natural warming cycle… Her spokesman
clarified: “She’s not totally convinced one
way or the other. Science will tell us… She
thinks the jury’s still out.”
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59. Merchants of Doubt focused on one particular think tank:
Today: large network of think-tanks and organizations who
perpetuate doubt about climate science
Alexis De Tocqueville Institute
Cato Institute
American Enterprise Institute
Competitive Enterprise Institute
Heartland Institute
Acton Institute
Hudson Institute
Heritage Foundation
Atlas Economic Foundation
Americans for Prosperity
Frontiers of Freedom
Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow
Institute for Public Affairs (Australia)
Let Freedom Ring
60. Who funds these groups?
Regulated Industries
Petroleum Industry
(Global Climate Coalition)
Tobacco Industry
Mining Industry (US and Australian Coal Companies)
Chemical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Cell Phone Industry
61. Tobacco industry was prosecuted by the U.S.
Department of Justice for its role in spreading
disinformation about the harms of tobacco.
Could fossil fuel industry be prosecuted for its role in spreading disinformation
about the harms of anthropogenic climate change?
62. Tobacco industry was prosecuted by the U.S.
Department of Justice for its role in spreading
disinformation about the harms of tobacco.
63. Could the fossil fuel industry be prosecuted for
its role in spreading disinformation about the
harms of climate change?
64. 1) Governments?
2) Those who have delayed action?
3) Producers of fossil fuels?
4) Business community (to develop
alternatives)?
5) All of us? (but some more than others?)
65. 3) Producers of fossil fuels?
Disinformation in USA partly funded and
promoted by “Global Climate Coalition”
66. Global Climate Coalition
Members included major petroleum producers
Exxon –Mobil
British Petroleum
Shell Oil
Chevron (formerly Standard Oil of California)
http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/ExxonMobil-GlobalWarming-tobacco.html
67. Global Climate Coalition
Also manufacturers of products that rely on fossils fuels:
Ford Motor Company
General Motors Company
Daimler/ Chrysler
The American Highway Users Alliance (founded by GM)
The Aluminum Association
http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/ExxonMobil-GlobalWarming-tobacco.html
68. Global Climate Coalition
What is their responsibility?
Should shareholders object to this (mis)-use of corporate
funds?
Should investors divest?
http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/ExxonMobil-GlobalWarming-tobacco.html
69. 1) Governments?
2) Those who have delayed action?
3) Producers of fossil fuels?
4) Business community (to develop alternatives)?
5) All of us? (but some more than others?)
6) Governments other than nation-states (i.e. US
state governments, provinces, cities)
70. “This generation has altered the
composition of the atmosphere on a
global scale through…a steady
increase in carbon dioxide from the
burning of fossil fuels.”
--Lyndon Johnson
Special Message to Congress,
1965