Global warming refers to the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth due to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the lower atmosphere, resulting in global temperature increases. According to scientists, human activities that produce greenhouse gases, like the excessive use of fossil fuels, are the major contributor to current global warming trends. Industrialized countries bear more responsibility for reducing emissions given that they have historically emitted more greenhouse gases and the developing world still seeks to industrialize. While technology exists to help reduce emissions, the larger challenge will be changing human behavior on a global scale to transition societies to a low-carbon future within the next 30-40 years.

1. Global Warming

2. What is Global Warming?
An increase in the earth’s atmospheric and oceanic temperatures
widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse
effect resulting especially from Pollution.

3. Global temperature trend
Note that these are surface temperatures and mostly overland. The temperature
in upper levels may be different, even reversed.

4. “ Satellites Pictures of Earth”

5. How is Global Warming
Forming?
• According to scientist, human activities is the
major contribution to Global Warming. With
our excessive use of Non-Renewable Energy
we have caused Greenhouse Gases to
produce Global Warming.

6. What cause the temperature of
the atmosphere to go up?
• There are many possible mechanisms that can cause
the warming of the atmosphere, for example:
– Natural variation – the climate becomes warmer by internal chaotic
dynamics of the earth-atmosphere system (that is, no external
influence).
– Solar activity – either direct increase of solar energy output or indirect
“trigger” mechanisms due to solar activity (though nobody knows how)
may cause the surface temperature to go up.
– Greenhouse effect – increasing “greenhouse” gases such as CO2, CH4,
NO, CFC,…etc. (actually H2O is very efficient, too, but at present it is
assumed to be in steady state).
• The last one is presently thought to be the most likely cause of the
global warming and hence we will examine it here in this chapter..

7. The Real Greenhouse

8. The (Atmospheric) Greenhouse Effect
• Examples of greenhouse gases: H2O, CO2, CH4, CFC.
• Currently, CO2 is the main suspect of causing the global warming since the 20th
century because combustion of fossil fuel naturally injects CO2 into the
atmosphere and it has increased dramatically since last century.

9. WHO IS MORE
RESPONSIBLE ?

10. No DOUBT
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES

11. TEN POINTS

12. Number Ten
• There is a scientific
consensus that
human activities are
very likely to affect
global climate

13. Number Nine
• There is some chance
that, due to the
uncertainties of
complex models and
the assumptions used
to drive them, the
consensus is wrong.

14. Number Eight
• Ignoring the potential
implications of climate
change is taking a big
risk with a valuable
asset.
– The Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC)
recommends that we avoid
“dangerous human
interference” with global
climate systems.

15. Number Seven
• In order to avoid
dangerous
interference, IPCC
estimates that we
need to hold global
emissions about
steady.

16. Number Six
• Since the developing
world would still like
to develop, the
developed world must
make substantial
emissions reductions.
– IPCC says 70-80
percent of current
levels must be
reduced by 2040-
2050.

17. Important Data
8.00E+09
7.00E+09
6.00E+09
5.00E+09
4.00E+09
3.00E+09
2.00E+09
1.00E+09
0.00E+00
World USA OECD Asia
Population Total Carbon Emissions

18. More Important Data
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
World USA OECD Asia
Per Capita Carbon Emissions

19. Number Five
• The Kyoto Protocol
will result in only
modest emission
reductions
– The US has not yet
ratified this treaty

20. Number Four
• We have 30-40 years
to transform
industrialized society
– Reducing emissions
by 70-80 percent is a
substantial challenge

21. US Greenhouse Emissions
HFCs, PFCs, SF6
N2O
2%
6%
CH4
9%
CO2
83%

22. US CO2 Emissions
Everything Else
3%
Fossil Fuel
97%

23. US Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions
Commercial
Residential 4%
7%
Industrial Electricity Generation
17% 40%
Transportation
32%

24. Number Three
• We already have
technologies that can
help us on the way
– Efficiency
– Renewable Energy
– Coal-gasification with
carbon sequestration

25. Number Two
• The behavioral
challenges are much
more daunting than
the technological
ones.

26. Number One
• Climate change isn’t
likely to affect our
generation.
• We need to make
changes for
subsequent
generations.

27. Conclusion