This document discusses oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a chronic condition characterized by fibrosis of the submucosal tissues and epithelial atrophy of the oral cavity. It causes stiffness of the oral mucosa and trismus. The condition is caused by chewing areca nut and ingesting spicy foods. The pathogenesis involves increased collagen production and decreased breakdown due to areca nut compounds, as well as genetic and immunological factors. Symptoms progress from pigmentation and salivation to dry mouth and trismus. Treatment involves preventing habits, medical management, physiotherapy, and surgery such as excision of fibrous bands and use of flaps like buccal fat pad or nasolabial flaps to