The document discusses common dental and gum problems, their causes, prevention, and treatment options. It covers issues such as plaque, tartar, tooth sensitivity, gingivitis, periodontitis, and cracked teeth, emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene. Maintaining proper dental care can prevent many of these problems and contribute significantly to overall health and well-being.

1. ORAL CAVITY: COMMON PROBLEM ASSOCIATED
WITH TEETH AND GUMS.
Kunjan T. Lanjewar*, Laxmi U. Banwade
Subject: Cosmetic Science, B. Pharm Final Year
Guide: Chandrashekar M. Chakole
Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist.: Bhandara M.S.-441802
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University.

2. CONTENT
Ø Introduction
Ø Common problem related with Teeth
• Causes
• Prevention
• Treatment
Ø Common problem related with gum
• Causes
• Prevention
• Treatment
Ø Reference

3.  INTRODUCTION:
• The oral cavity is referred to as the mouth or buccal cavity. The oral cavity is a complicated structure. It
includes the teeth, tongue, gum, uvula, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa (lip and cheek lining) and
floor of the mouth.
• The mouth is the initial stage of the digestive tract, in which several teeth play an important role in
grinding, tearing and breakdown of food into smaller particles that are suitable for digestion.
• The tongue is also the most important part of the oral cavity, which is located on the floor of the mouth.
It is made of skeletal muscle, and it helps in the movement of food while mastication and perception of
taste.
• Gums are the tissues that surround the base of the teeth in the upper and lower jaw.
• Uvula is the finger-like muscular structure, hanging to the soft palate.
• The mouth not only plays a role in the digestion of food but also the formation of speech and normal
respiration.

4. Ø COMMON PROBLEM RELATED
TO TEETH:
The teeth are one of the main
components of the oral cavity, which
helps in the breakdown of food
material and is suitable for proper
digestion. In which the small food
particles are stuck between teeth. If
the proper cleaning of teeth does not
happen, then some dental problems
can be caused.
Plaque
Tartar
Dental stain
Tooth decay
Tooth sensitivity
Common
problem
related to
teeth
Cracked or broken teeth

5. Problem
related to
teeth
Detail Causes Prevention Treatment
Plaque Plaque is sticky and
colourless film of
bacteria on teeth.
• The bacteria in our
mouth can release
the acid and mix
with starchy and
sugary food and
cause plaque.
• Use daily
dental floss to
remove plaque.
• Brushing teeth
at least twice a
day.
• Prescribe the antimicrobial mouthwash
and fluoride toothpaste.
• Increase production of saliva and treat
the problem of dry mouth.
• Use of fluoride treatment to slow down
the growth of plaque-causing bacteria.
Tartar Tartar is plaque that
is hardened on
teeth, and it also
called as dental
calculus.
It is difficult to
remove by simple
brushing.
• Hard plaque
coating on teeth for
longer time.
• Gum problem.
• Bad breath
(Halitosis).
• Use of fluoride
toothpaste and
brush daily 2-3
times.
• Avoid tobacco
chewing and
smoking.
• Go to the dentist and hygienist to treat
tartar using special instrument.
• Sometime dentist recommended dental
cleaning and gum disease treatment
according to amount of tartar deposited
on teeth.
Dental stain Dental stain is
known as tooth
colouration,
Sometime, yellowed
& less bright teeth.
• It is causing due
tobacco chewing.
• Excessive intake of
fluoride.
• Limited use of
food material
that stained the
teeth.
• Floss once a
day.
• Teeth whitening use to remove teeth
stain.
• Dental bonding is recommended when
teeth whitening is failed to remove the
stain.

6. Problem
related to
teeth
Detail Causes Prevention Treatment
Tooth
sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity is most common
dental problem, and it cause by
consuming cold, hot, sweet food or
drink.
Pain can be sudden, sharp into nerve
ending.
• Over time brushing or
hard brushing.
• Taking food or drink
which are cold, hot,
and sweet.
• Gum disease.
• Cracked teeth or
broken teeth.
• Gentle brushing
with fluoride
toothpaste.
• Avoid highly
acidic food or
drink.
• Proper oral
hygiene.
• Filling root canal.
Dental
caries
The dental caries is most commonly
known dental disease.
Dental caries is also known as tooth
decay or tooth cavity. Dental caries
mean presence of hole on tooth and
damaged tooth structured.
• Excessive intake of
sugary food or drink.
• Improper oral hygiene.
• Formation of plaque
on teeth.
• Cleaning teeth
with soft bristled
brush and fluoride
toothpaste.
• Avoid sugary food
or drink.
• Dental filing with
gold, silver or
amalgam material.
• Tooth canal therapy
to avoid pain by
dental caries.
Cracked or
broken teeth
Cracked or broken teeth is splitting
or breaking of teeth.
Sometime, It is small and harmless.
It common in children and adult also.
• Trauma.
• Age.
• Biting hard food
material.
• Chewing soft food
material.
• Maintain good
teeth and gum
care.
• Filling root canal.
• Filled the cracked
with plastic resin.
• Filling crown on
teeth.

7.  COMMON PROBLEM RELATED WITH GUM:
• Gum disease is also called as periodontal disease, it is gum infection and can damage supporting
bone of teeth. Due to these problem adults' loss their teeth.
• The swollen and red gum can cause gum bleeding and it is the symptom of gum disease.
• The periodontal disease caused by formation of plaque on teeth, it can be prevented by
maintaining oral hygiene and remove plaque by regularly brushing.
Common problem related
to gum
Gingivitis Periodontitis Gum recession

8. Problem
related to
gum
Detail Causes Prevention Treatment
Gingivitis Gingivitis is gum
inflammation, & it
initial stage of
periodontitis.
Gingivitis can affect
supporting bone of
teeth.
• The formation of plaque
and tartar on teeth.
• Swollen, red and bleeding
gum.
• Improper mouth cleaning.
• Limited consumption of
alcohol or sugar
containing foods.
• If have a diabetes, then
manage it.
• Remove bacteria
between teeth by
brushing and flossing.
• Scaling and root
planning which remove
tartar and provide
smooth surface to teeth.
• Cleaning oral cavity by
antimicrobial
toothpaste.
Periodontitis Periodontitis is
advanced stage of
gingivitis,& it cause
inflammation and
infection of gum and
affect bone that
support the teeth.
• Untreated gingivitis.
• Buildup of plaque or tartar
on teeth for longer time.
• Bleeding gum.
• Bad breath.
• Maintain dental hygiene
and regularly oral
cleaning.
• Prevent bleeding from
gum.
• Root planning and
scaling.
• Dental bone grafting.
• Use of antibiotics to
fight against infection.
Gum
recession
Gum recession is
form of gum disease.
In which the gum
tissue pull away
from teeth.
• Hard or aggressive
brushing.
• Gum disease.
• Gum injury or trauma.
• Soft bristled brush
should used.
• Avoid tobacco chewing
or smoking.
• Use dental floss once a
day.
• Use of desensitizing
agent or fluoride
varnish.

9. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing various dental and gum problems. Proper brushing,
flossing, and regular dental check-ups can help avoid issues like plaque buildup, tartar formation, dental
stains, tooth sensitivity, dental caries, cracked or broken teeth, gingivitis, periodontitis, and gum recession.
While some problems may require professional dental treatment, many can be prevented or mitigated
through daily oral care routines and lifestyle changes like reducing sugary food and drink intake, quitting
smoking, and managing underlying conditions like diabetes. Paying attention to oral health not only preserves
the teeth and gums but also contributes to overall well-being and quality of life. Seeking timely dental advice
and following recommended preventive measures can go a long way in maintaining a healthy, functional, and
aesthetically pleasing smile.
Conclusion

10.  REFERANCE:
1. Pathak Kamla, Vaidya Ankur, A Textbook of Cosmetic Science Concepts and Principles,
Nirali Publication Advancement of Knowledge, Edition,2018;6.1-6.16.
2. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/general-dentistry-treatment
3. Mehetre Gautam, Ambhore Jaya, Cheke Rameshwar, Shinde Sachin, A textbook of Cosmetic
Science, pee vee publication, (S. VIKAS AND COMPANY MEDICAL PUBLISHERS)
Edition,2022;5.68-5.72.
4. Sheikh Aijaz, Deshmane Subhash, Rageeb Md, Usman Md, Biyani Kailash, A textbook of
Cosmetic Science, pee vee Publication.
5. Singh Satya, Nigam Vijay, A textbook of cosmetic science, Thakur Publication,
Edition,2021;5.45-5.46.

11. THANK YOU