Microstrip patch antenna with metamaterial using superstrate technique for wi...journalBEEI
This work builds a metamaterial (MTM) superstrate loaded on a patch of microstrip antenna for wireless communications. The MTM superstrate is made up of four G-shaped resonators on FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and has a total area of (8×16) mm2, and is higher than the patch. The MTM superstrate increases antenna gain while also raising the input reflection coefficient. When it is 9 mm above the patch, the gain increased from 3.28 dB to 6.02 dB, and when it is 7 mm above the patch, the input reflection coefficient was enhanced from -31.217 dB to -45.8 dB. When the MTM superstrate loaded antenna was compared to the traditional unloaded antenna, it was discovered that metamaterials have a lot of potential for improving antenna performance.
Analysis of Metamaterial Based Microstrip Array Antennaijceronline
Metamaterials have been intensively researched due to their peculiar features such as negative permittivity and/or permeability and ultra-refraction phenomenon. To satisfy the demand of commonly used wireless communication systems, an antenna which can operate at higher frequencies and enhanced characteristics are desirable. The arrangement of all elements is done that they provide an improvement in bandwidth, directivity return loss etc. The frequency response of a metamaterial can be tailored by varying its characteristics. A new metamaterial structure using square and ring split ring resonator is proposed. Using this metamaterial structure, a microstrip patch antenna is designed with enhanced characteristics such as reduction in return lossfrom-20dB to -36dB with tunability is achieved.
Microstrip patch antenna with metamaterial using superstrate technique for wi...journalBEEI
This work builds a metamaterial (MTM) superstrate loaded on a patch of microstrip antenna for wireless communications. The MTM superstrate is made up of four G-shaped resonators on FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and has a total area of (8×16) mm2, and is higher than the patch. The MTM superstrate increases antenna gain while also raising the input reflection coefficient. When it is 9 mm above the patch, the gain increased from 3.28 dB to 6.02 dB, and when it is 7 mm above the patch, the input reflection coefficient was enhanced from -31.217 dB to -45.8 dB. When the MTM superstrate loaded antenna was compared to the traditional unloaded antenna, it was discovered that metamaterials have a lot of potential for improving antenna performance.
Analysis of Metamaterial Based Microstrip Array Antennaijceronline
Metamaterials have been intensively researched due to their peculiar features such as negative permittivity and/or permeability and ultra-refraction phenomenon. To satisfy the demand of commonly used wireless communication systems, an antenna which can operate at higher frequencies and enhanced characteristics are desirable. The arrangement of all elements is done that they provide an improvement in bandwidth, directivity return loss etc. The frequency response of a metamaterial can be tailored by varying its characteristics. A new metamaterial structure using square and ring split ring resonator is proposed. Using this metamaterial structure, a microstrip patch antenna is designed with enhanced characteristics such as reduction in return lossfrom-20dB to -36dB with tunability is achieved.
A Novel Design of a Miniature Metamaterial Antenna for RFID Reader ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this article, we propose a novel design of a dual band antenna based metamaterial for RFID
applications. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch using inverted u-slot in radiating
element and two split ring resonators loaded in the ground plane. The antenna is printed on an FR4
substrate having athickness of 1.6 mm, permitivitty of 4.4 and loss tanget of 0.025. this antenna is feed by
a micostrip line having caracteristique of 50 Ohms. The designed antenna resonates at the UHF band
around 900Mz with an input impedance of 87MHz and also, resonates at the ISM band around 2.45GHz
with a large bandwidth about 516MHz. The designed antenna is simulated bys using CST and the results
is validated by HFSS. After simulation, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and the
measured results show a good agreement with the simulated one.
Implementation of Low Complex Universal Filtered MulticarrierIJASRD Journal
In 5G technology for enhancing the high speed data process the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Universal Filtered multicarrier (UFMC), and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) techniques are used in effective manner. The FIR filter plays an important role in 5G mobile communication technology. In this paper, the hardware complexity reduced by using the FIR filter. In previous technique, 73 multipliers are required to the filtering process. Here to reduce the number of multipliers by using the multiplexers. The 73 multipliers to be replaced with the 5 number of 16:1 multiplexers, 5 multipliers and 4 registers. The Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) scheme is also presented for the block implementation FIR filters. Reducing the memory usage for using the less number of multipliers. Use the less number multipliers the difficulties are to be reduced. The overall implementation has a result of 42% reduction in hardware complexity.
Performance Analysis of Fog Effect on Free Space Optical Communication Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. An OTDR is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fiber. The scattered or reflected light that is gathered back is used to characterize the optical fiber. This is equivalent to the way that an electronic time-domain meter measures reflections caused by changes in the impedance of the cable under test. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time, and plotted as a function of fiber length.
Metamaterial loaded microstrip patch antenna for quad band operationeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, a novel design for miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna with multiband operation of microstrip antenna is proposed. The technique is based on etching out of Complimentary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) on the radiating edge of the patch antenna. Numerical simulations are presented for a patch antenna with and without CSRRs by using IE3D simulation software and measured practically. The measured results shows that antenna with CSRRs on the radiating edge of the patch antenna is resonating at four different frequency points i.e., 4.96GHz, 6.05GHz, 8.62GHz and 11.25GHz., whereas, antenna without CSRR i.e., conventional microstrip antenna is resonating at 5.98GHz. The size reduction of 16.92% is achieved and the antenna gives the overall bandwidth of 17.88%. These antennas find application in Wireless Communications. Keywords: microstrip antenna, CSRR, return loss, miniaturization, bandwidth.
In this paper, novel applications of metamaterials
composite structure in antenna engineering has been considered.
Compared with the conventional materials, metamaterials
exhibits some specific features which are not found in
conventional materials. Some unique applications of these
composite structures as an antenna substrate, superstrate, feed
networks, phased array antennas, ground planes, antenna
radomes and struts invisibility have been discussed.
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
A Novel Design of a Miniature Metamaterial Antenna for RFID Reader ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this article, we propose a novel design of a dual band antenna based metamaterial for RFID
applications. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch using inverted u-slot in radiating
element and two split ring resonators loaded in the ground plane. The antenna is printed on an FR4
substrate having athickness of 1.6 mm, permitivitty of 4.4 and loss tanget of 0.025. this antenna is feed by
a micostrip line having caracteristique of 50 Ohms. The designed antenna resonates at the UHF band
around 900Mz with an input impedance of 87MHz and also, resonates at the ISM band around 2.45GHz
with a large bandwidth about 516MHz. The designed antenna is simulated bys using CST and the results
is validated by HFSS. After simulation, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and the
measured results show a good agreement with the simulated one.
Implementation of Low Complex Universal Filtered MulticarrierIJASRD Journal
In 5G technology for enhancing the high speed data process the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Universal Filtered multicarrier (UFMC), and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) techniques are used in effective manner. The FIR filter plays an important role in 5G mobile communication technology. In this paper, the hardware complexity reduced by using the FIR filter. In previous technique, 73 multipliers are required to the filtering process. Here to reduce the number of multipliers by using the multiplexers. The 73 multipliers to be replaced with the 5 number of 16:1 multiplexers, 5 multipliers and 4 registers. The Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) scheme is also presented for the block implementation FIR filters. Reducing the memory usage for using the less number of multipliers. Use the less number multipliers the difficulties are to be reduced. The overall implementation has a result of 42% reduction in hardware complexity.
Performance Analysis of Fog Effect on Free Space Optical Communication Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. An OTDR is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fiber. The scattered or reflected light that is gathered back is used to characterize the optical fiber. This is equivalent to the way that an electronic time-domain meter measures reflections caused by changes in the impedance of the cable under test. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time, and plotted as a function of fiber length.
Metamaterial loaded microstrip patch antenna for quad band operationeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, a novel design for miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna with multiband operation of microstrip antenna is proposed. The technique is based on etching out of Complimentary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) on the radiating edge of the patch antenna. Numerical simulations are presented for a patch antenna with and without CSRRs by using IE3D simulation software and measured practically. The measured results shows that antenna with CSRRs on the radiating edge of the patch antenna is resonating at four different frequency points i.e., 4.96GHz, 6.05GHz, 8.62GHz and 11.25GHz., whereas, antenna without CSRR i.e., conventional microstrip antenna is resonating at 5.98GHz. The size reduction of 16.92% is achieved and the antenna gives the overall bandwidth of 17.88%. These antennas find application in Wireless Communications. Keywords: microstrip antenna, CSRR, return loss, miniaturization, bandwidth.
In this paper, novel applications of metamaterials
composite structure in antenna engineering has been considered.
Compared with the conventional materials, metamaterials
exhibits some specific features which are not found in
conventional materials. Some unique applications of these
composite structures as an antenna substrate, superstrate, feed
networks, phased array antennas, ground planes, antenna
radomes and struts invisibility have been discussed.
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
Transmission system used for optical fibers Jay Baria
In this presentation I have explained various types of transmission system used for optical transmission and also described about the budget method that has to be followed while selecting an source for optical fibers and also about the factors that should be consider while selecting an source.
An Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is an important instrument used by organizations to certify the performance of new fiber optics links and detect problems with existing fiber links.
Performance Evaluation and Simulation of OFDM in Optical Communication SystemsIJERA Editor
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is of prime importance nowadays in long haul
communication networks because of its higher spectral efficiency, immunity to multipath fading and its
resilience to interference. Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is considered as a promising
technology to satisfy the increased demand for bandwidth in broadband services. It is of two types based on the
detection techniques employed. They are direct detection and coherent detection. In direct detection OFDM, a
photodiode is used while in the latter the principle of optical mixing is utilized. This paper investigates the
architecture of single channel and four channel direct detection and coherent detection optical OFDM systems
and carries out performance analysis based on bit error rate and Q-factor. In the case of single channels, a date
rate of 10 Gbps is achieved while in 4 channel systems a data rate of 40 Gbps is achieved. Coherent Optical
OFDM (CO-OFDM) is the next generation technology for the optical communications, since it integrates the
advantages of both coherent systems and OFDM systems.
PS.E-MO-6.08: Characterization of Optical Signal by Extension Ratio & the Fib...Dr. Ved Nath Jha
In 2021 AAPT Virtual Summer Meet Published abstract is PS.E-MO-6.08: Characterization of Optical Signal by Extension Ratio & the Fiber-Length
Contributed – Ved Nath Jha, Mangalayatan University
STUDY ON FIBER GRATINGS AND ITS CHARACTERIZATIONDr. Ved Nath Jha
Good potential uses in fiber and fiber lasers have been seen through Random Fiber Gratings (RFGs). However, a quantitative link has never been studied between the RFG's randomness and spectral reaction. This paper first experimentally characterizes two RFGs of varying degrees of randomness by optical frequency reflectometry (OFDR). The high degree of randomness indicates that the grating intensity is limited and the strength variations in spatial domain are large. The experimental findings show. Study establishes the theoretical basis for the optimization configuration and implementation of the long-term fiber grating in the area of fiber optics sensing and communication.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL PARAMETER CALCULATIONS OF THE PROBES IN WATERDr. Ved Nath Jha
Fiber optic technology with the role of surface plasmons has tremendously advanced the sensing technique of various physical, chemical and biochemical parameters of materials. The working of the optical fiber sensor designed by us is founded on the principle of the absorption of the evanescent waves passing through the optical fiber. The technique is based on the evanescent wave penetration between two dielectric media satisfying the conditions of attenuated total internal reflections (ATR’s). In the present work, the cladding of the fiber is removed by a suitable technique, and Silver nanoparticles are deposited on it. The evanescent light waves passing out of the core of the fiber are absorbed by the metal nanoparticles. The wavelength of maximum absorption is specific to the metal nanoparticles as well as to the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium and occurs when the wavelength of evanescent light resonates with localized surface plasmon (LSP) wavelength of the nanoparticle. Noble metal nanoparticles of Silver and Gold exhibit LSP resonance in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. In this article, we report the characteristic parameters of three sensor probes a, b and c developed by researcher.
AN INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PHENOMENA OF PLASMA PHYSICSDr. Ved Nath Jha
Plasma is a set of neutral and charged particles which reveals a number of collective behaviors. The very
long range coulomb forces enable the charged particles in plasma to work together with one another
simultaneously. The study of plasma is actually a really ancient area of investigation in plasma physics
and it remains to be among the vital fields due to the crucial role of its in most plasma uses including
plasma processing, fabrication of semiconductor systems, etching, etc. except the presence of just ions
and electrons, the plasma in many instances, has a number of other species of ions like negative ions
which impact the complete plasma behaviour. Within this paper we study about the fundamental ideas of
plasma physics.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Optoelectronics and
Optical Communication
Lab
It isclassifiedinthree lab a. FiberopticsLab
b. Optical communicationLab.
c. Photonics Lab
Fiber Optics (The optics of Fiber) Lab- In this Lab we are focused on analysis
and design of various fiber optics components.
Resources: Applications
1.Super Continuum Source ----------- Beat/bit Length Measurement (Mbps)
Where supercontinuum light source is prepared in photonic crystal fiber by collection of nonlinear
processes act together on a pump beam then we get light with a broad optical bandwidth (i.e.,
low temporal coherence)
2. 2.Lasers: Diode, He-Ne, Nd-YAG--------- Fused FiberCoupler Fabrication
3.Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) ---- FiberLoss Measurement
4.Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)----- Splice Loss Measurement
5.Splicing Machine -- ----------------Refractive index Profile measurement
6.Dual Channel Optical Power & Energy Meter------ Variable Optical attenuator
7.TunableLaser Source--------- Acousto Optic Modulator
Optical communication/OFC Lab- In this Lab we mainly focus on design and
analysis of optical communication systems/networks. Which gives focus in the four main area like
a. Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Optical Communication Link.
b. Free Space Optics Link/Wireless link
c. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing.
d. Optical Signal Processing .
Resources Applications
1. Optical Spectrum Analyser (OSA)------------Measurement of optical spectra i.e.
(Characterisation of light Source), it is power spectraldensity. For accurate
power measurements, better use a power meter.
3. 2.Optical Time DomainReflectometer(OTDR)------Itcharacterise the Fiberbymeasurement
Lossof signal inside the fiber.(Itmeasuresthe performance of fiberanddefectsinthe fiber
link).Italsomeasuressignal speed.
3.Frequency Spectrum Analyser - It measures the power of the spectrum of signal.
That is, it measures input signal Vs frequency within the full range of frequency of the
spectrum.
4. Dense WDM Kit (4 Channel) – It combines the output from several optical
transmitters for transmission across a single optical fiber.
4. 5. SDH Transmission Analyser-where SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard
technology for synchronous data transmission on optical media. It is used to measure
bit error rate (BER)testing, automatic protection switching (APS), and round trip
delay measurement.
(BERtester)
Photonics-The technology of generating, manipulating, detecting and transmitting of
photons(Quantum Hypothesis).
Analysis of optical fiber network on the basis of simulation as
1.Artifex-It is of artifex technologies pvt ltd
2.Optisim
3. MetroWand -it is used for transport network design and optimisation.
4. Omnet++(Simulation Library)
5. Lumerical
* Optical Turbulence Generator Chamber is to be used for controllable optical beam propagation.
* Array of MOEMS(Micro OptoElectro Mechanical Systems) The system model is constructed in
software using MATLAB s dynamical simulator, Simulink.
* FSO link of optiwave.