This document summarizes research on optimizing the dry sliding wear behavior of zirconium-filled bismaleimide (BMI) nanocomposites. The study investigated the effects of varying zirconium dioxide content, sliding velocity, normal load, and sliding distance on the wear rate of the nanocomposites using Taguchi experimental design methods. Testing found that adding zirconium dioxide decreased the coefficient of friction and wear rate of the BMI nanocomposites. The normal load was the most significant factor affecting wear rate, followed by sliding velocity, sliding distance, and zirconium content. Improvements were also seen in mechanical properties like impact strength and hardness with the addition of zircon
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
Role of Natural and Synthetic Fillers on Erosive Wear Behavior of Basalt -Epo...IJRES Journal
An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of bio-based jatropha oil cake (JOC), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Clay on the erosive wear behavior of Basalt-epoxy (BE) hybrid composites. A Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technique was employed to obtain a filled and unfilled B-E composites. The effect of different impact velocities (20 and 40 m/s) and angle of impingement from 300 to 900 on the performance of the wear resistance of the composites were measured. The results of erosive wear losses, angle of impingement, and impact velocity and erosion rate of 3% of TiO2 and JOC filled and unfilled B-E composites are analyzed and discussed. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled B-E composites were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties and Drilling Properties of Glass ...IJERA Editor
The use of glass fiber polymer composite materials are on the rise due to their special properties like high specific strength and stiffness, excellent corrosion resistant, high damping, low thermal expansion high factor toughness. Majorly it is used in the fields of aerospace and automobiles especially in defense use. Though, manufacturing of these of these laminates are easy to their required shapes but obtaining a drilling in the laminate poses difficulty, due to its anisotropic non homogeneous nature. The rate of rejection at the final stage due to non selection of right machining drill parameters which makes the researchers to find the optimal solution effectively. Sometimes rejection rate accounts up-to 60% and hole drilling being one of the last operations creates many problems, mainly delamination stress concentration and improper hole quality with impounding higher cost factor. This paper presents an investigation on aspects of various mechanical properties and drilling of Glass fibre Mat Composite. Drilling experiments was conducted to study the delamination factor and hole quality on GFRP composites. Also the study carried out for Tensile Strength, Hardness and Flexural Strength of Glass Fibre Composite
Experimental Determination of Mechanical and Vibration Properties of Epoxy ba...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The organic polymer composites filled with inorganic fillers became an important area of research and development in recent years due to their applications in various fields. The aim of the present work was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical performance of epoxy polymer composites filled with 30% weight percentage of carbon fiber and 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of Silicon Carbide. The samples were prepared by hand layup technique as this method was easy to fabricate and having low tooling cost and results in the good surface finishand then composites weretested by using UTM and ATALON FFT analyzer. The DEWESOFT software was used to obtain the frequency response functions of the samples. The variations in properties with respect to change in weight of silicon carbide were obtained and represented by graphs. The composite with 30% of carbon fiber and 8% of Sic have shown improved performance in terms of flexural strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus and higher natural frequency indicating high stiffness value.
Alternative reinforcement using coir fiber which is a natural agriculture waste which is available in bulk at rural areas. since this would be an appropriate one for replacement of steel in reinforcement, this can be used in the mode of pefabrication also in addition it is a cost ineffective methodology
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARECA BAST FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY AND VIN...IAEME Publication
In this research work natural fiber reinforced polymer composites were prepared by reinforcing short areca bast fibers in epoxy and vinyl ester resin. Different blend composites were prepared by varying weight fractions of areca bast fibers. Their mechanical, physical and thermal properties were studied and compared. It has been found that the compressive strength of areca bast fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites were more than that of epoxy composites. It was also observed that the type of compressive failure in epoxy /bast and vinyl ester/bast composites at all wt% of fibers was breaking and bulging respectively. The erosive wear strength at 90º and 75º nozzle angles were determined. The properties such as water absorption capacity and density were
determined. The Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out .The ruptured surface of both types of composites which exhibited highest compressive strength was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
Study on Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Laminated CompositesPremier Publishers
This paper represents the review on vibration analysis of hybrid composites. As we know that vibration and composite materials are two main growing research topics now-a-days. Almost all the structural components subjected to dynamic loading in their working life and vibration affects working life of the structure so it is very important in designing a component to reduce the structural vibration and its amplitude. Composite material applications are wide in the aerospace, civil, marine, and automotive industries due to their high specific stiffness and strength, excellent fatigue resistance, long durability and many other superior properties compared to ordinary composites. Carbon fiber reinforced polymers have high strength and light weight properties. But CFRP suffer from high frequency vibrations at low operating conditions. In this paper studying the hybridization of high stiffened CFRP with basalt fiber to reduce vibrations under cantilever boundary condition.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Role of Natural and Synthetic Fillers on Erosive Wear Behavior of Basalt -Epo...IJRES Journal
An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of bio-based jatropha oil cake (JOC), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Clay on the erosive wear behavior of Basalt-epoxy (BE) hybrid composites. A Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technique was employed to obtain a filled and unfilled B-E composites. The effect of different impact velocities (20 and 40 m/s) and angle of impingement from 300 to 900 on the performance of the wear resistance of the composites were measured. The results of erosive wear losses, angle of impingement, and impact velocity and erosion rate of 3% of TiO2 and JOC filled and unfilled B-E composites are analyzed and discussed. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled B-E composites were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties and Drilling Properties of Glass ...IJERA Editor
The use of glass fiber polymer composite materials are on the rise due to their special properties like high specific strength and stiffness, excellent corrosion resistant, high damping, low thermal expansion high factor toughness. Majorly it is used in the fields of aerospace and automobiles especially in defense use. Though, manufacturing of these of these laminates are easy to their required shapes but obtaining a drilling in the laminate poses difficulty, due to its anisotropic non homogeneous nature. The rate of rejection at the final stage due to non selection of right machining drill parameters which makes the researchers to find the optimal solution effectively. Sometimes rejection rate accounts up-to 60% and hole drilling being one of the last operations creates many problems, mainly delamination stress concentration and improper hole quality with impounding higher cost factor. This paper presents an investigation on aspects of various mechanical properties and drilling of Glass fibre Mat Composite. Drilling experiments was conducted to study the delamination factor and hole quality on GFRP composites. Also the study carried out for Tensile Strength, Hardness and Flexural Strength of Glass Fibre Composite
Experimental Determination of Mechanical and Vibration Properties of Epoxy ba...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The organic polymer composites filled with inorganic fillers became an important area of research and development in recent years due to their applications in various fields. The aim of the present work was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical performance of epoxy polymer composites filled with 30% weight percentage of carbon fiber and 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of Silicon Carbide. The samples were prepared by hand layup technique as this method was easy to fabricate and having low tooling cost and results in the good surface finishand then composites weretested by using UTM and ATALON FFT analyzer. The DEWESOFT software was used to obtain the frequency response functions of the samples. The variations in properties with respect to change in weight of silicon carbide were obtained and represented by graphs. The composite with 30% of carbon fiber and 8% of Sic have shown improved performance in terms of flexural strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus and higher natural frequency indicating high stiffness value.
Alternative reinforcement using coir fiber which is a natural agriculture waste which is available in bulk at rural areas. since this would be an appropriate one for replacement of steel in reinforcement, this can be used in the mode of pefabrication also in addition it is a cost ineffective methodology
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARECA BAST FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY AND VIN...IAEME Publication
In this research work natural fiber reinforced polymer composites were prepared by reinforcing short areca bast fibers in epoxy and vinyl ester resin. Different blend composites were prepared by varying weight fractions of areca bast fibers. Their mechanical, physical and thermal properties were studied and compared. It has been found that the compressive strength of areca bast fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites were more than that of epoxy composites. It was also observed that the type of compressive failure in epoxy /bast and vinyl ester/bast composites at all wt% of fibers was breaking and bulging respectively. The erosive wear strength at 90º and 75º nozzle angles were determined. The properties such as water absorption capacity and density were
determined. The Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out .The ruptured surface of both types of composites which exhibited highest compressive strength was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
Study on Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Laminated CompositesPremier Publishers
This paper represents the review on vibration analysis of hybrid composites. As we know that vibration and composite materials are two main growing research topics now-a-days. Almost all the structural components subjected to dynamic loading in their working life and vibration affects working life of the structure so it is very important in designing a component to reduce the structural vibration and its amplitude. Composite material applications are wide in the aerospace, civil, marine, and automotive industries due to their high specific stiffness and strength, excellent fatigue resistance, long durability and many other superior properties compared to ordinary composites. Carbon fiber reinforced polymers have high strength and light weight properties. But CFRP suffer from high frequency vibrations at low operating conditions. In this paper studying the hybridization of high stiffened CFRP with basalt fiber to reduce vibrations under cantilever boundary condition.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Zircon (ZrSiO4) is found usually as a constituent in heavy mineral sand assemblages which
include ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene, monazite and garnet in varying proportions. Investigations are
carried out on the zircons recovered as a non magnetic and non conducting heavy mineral from the
entire process for effective utilization. Recovered zircons are used for making zircon bricks and are
fired at different temperatures in an industrial tunnel kiln. Physical, chemical and thermo-mechanical
properties are evaluated. Mineralogical properties are correlated with the thermo-mechanical
properties. The developed bricks are compared with the standards for their suitability in industrial
applications.
OPTIMIZATION OF DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF ZIRCONIUM FILLED BISMALEIMIDE N...IAEME Publication
The mechanical properties and dry sliding wear behavior of bismaleimide BMI) nanocomposites with varying weight percentage of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) filler have been studied in the present work. The influence of independent
parameters such as sliding velocity (A), normal load (B), filler content (C), and sliding distance (D) on dry sliding wear
behaviour has been considered using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The results showed that the coefficient of friction of ZrO2 filled BMI nanocomposites decreased with the ZrO2 content increased. The specific wear rate of the BMI and ZrO2 filled BMI nano composites decreased as the sliding distance increased and a clear transition in friction and wear behavior was observed in neat BMI and their nano composites.
TWO-BODY ABRASIVE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF SHORT GLASS FIBER AND PARTICULATE FILLED P...IAEME Publication
The effect of polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE), short glass fiber (SGF), silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) on single pass two-body abrasive wear behaviour of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based composites have been investigated. The two-body abrasive wear tests with different loads and abrading distances were performed at room temperature using a multi-purpose abrasion test apparatus as per ASTM G-99. Wear volume increased with increasing abrading distance and grit size of SiC paper and the specific wear rate decreased with increasing abrading distance for all composites
Mechanical and micro structural characterisation of Pure Al reinforced with S...BALA VENKATA SATYA PRAKASH
This paper deals extensively with the preparation of functionally grade material reinforced in layer wise manner with different reinforcements in order to serve the tough conditions in automobile industries
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIC AL2O3FILLED GLASS EPOXY COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In the present study, glass-epoxy based composites were fabricated by filling with nano size SiC and Al2O3 filler particles. The hand lay-up approach was used for fabrication of random oriented short E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites filled with SiC and Al2O3 powder particles. The volume percentage of filler materials in the composites were varied, SiC was varied from 0, 5 and 10%, whereas Al2O3 was kept constant at 5%. Mechanical characterization were studied effectively. The filled and unfilled SiC and Al2O3particles, were tested for micro-hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength in according with ASTM standards. It was observed from the studies that using particles as fillers improved the mechanical properties of the E-glass fibre substantially.
Review Paper on Nanotechnology-enhanced fiber-reinforced polymer compositesAdib Bin Rashid
Incorporating nanoparticles can significantly improve the performance and functionality of fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Different techniques exist for processing, testing, and implementing nanocomposites in various industries. Depending on these factors, these materials can be tailored to suit the specific applications of the automotive and aerospace industries, defence industries, biomedical and energy sectors etc. Nanotechnology offers several potential benefits for composites, including improved mechanical properties, surface modification, and sensing capabilities. This paper discusses the different types of nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nano-coating that can be used for reinforcement, surface modification, and property enhancement in FRP composites. It also examines the challenges associated with incorporating nanotechnology into composites and provides recommendations for potential opportunities in future work. This
study is intended to offer a comprehensive understanding of the current research on using nanotechnology in FRP composites and its potential impact on the composites industry
A comparative study on the influence of MWCNT, GO, and Al(OH)3 gel matrix mo...Adib Bin Rashid
The main objective of this paper was to identify the influence of different filler materials on the properties of hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated using randomly oriented glass fiber mats, needle punched jute fiber mats, and epoxy resin as the matrix material. Three different kinds of filler materials were studied: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene Oxide (GO), and Aluminum Hydroxide (AlOH)
nanoparticles. The secondary reinforcements were dispersed in the epoxy matrix through ultrasonication. The
composites were made by conventional hand lay-up followed by applying high pressure and temperature under a hydraulic press to effectively cure and minimize voids within the final composite. These were compared with the
properties of the unmodified composite containing no filler. The influence on mechanical properties was evaluated through tensile, flexural, and impact tests. Failure modes of the fractured tensile specimen were observed
through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was done to observe
the changes in the chemical structure upon the addition of secondary reinforcements. Lastly, water absorption
behavior and flame retardancy were observed as well. The results showed that MWCNT resulted in the composite
exhibiting superior properties and GO, on the contrary, led to the deterioration of the properties. This could be
because an optimum concentration of MWCNT was used, whereas this was not the case for GO filler. The addition
of MWCNT resulted in a more substantial but brittle composite, while AlOH enhanced the ductility of the
composite by compromising the overall strength. Hence, it can be concluded that MWCNT resulted in the formation of composites with the most desired properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
INVESTIGATION ON WEAR RESISTANCE BEHAVIOR OF SIC FILLED HYBRID COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
Polymer composites and hybrid polymer composites are replacing many of the monolithic materials and alloys due to their higher strength to weight ratio, while apparently exhibiting excellent strength to corrosion and wear resistance. Investigation was carried out through experimental study on Silicon Carbide (SiC) filled, different combination of hybrid composites to determine the ‘two body’ abrasive wear behavior. Freshly fabricated Glass-Jute-Epoxy, Glass –Sisal-Epoxy and Glass-Rubber-Epoxy composites with different weight percentage of silicon carbide filler was subjected to two body abrasive wear test under normal room temperature in dry condition on pin-on-disc equipment using 300 grit SiC sand papers. Abrasive paper was stuck on to the rotating disc and test specimen was attached to the flat surface of the pin. The effect of filler content on the (0%,5%,10% ) was studied for 20N load for different sliding distance (25m,50m,75m,100m). The results reveal that the material with increases in filler content is prone to higher wear resistance. The polymer composites with 10% SiC showed least wear loss in all the combination under consideration and lowest wear loss was achieved in glass rubber epoxy and10% SiC combination.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
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During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
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In recent years, nanoparticles have been used as fillers in polymeric composites for improving the tribological
performance of the materials (nano-Al2O3/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), nano-TiO2/epoxy, nano-SiO2/polyarylate, nano-
ZrO2/polyetheretherketone (PEEK), nano-Si3N4/ bismaleimide). When nanoparticles are incorporated into the matrix,
both microstructure and properties of the composites can be improved. Zhang et al. [5, 6] systematically studied the wear
resistance of epoxy filled with short carbon fiber, graphite, polytetrafuroethylene (PTFE) and nano-TiO2 under different
sliding conditions. The spherical nano-TiO2 was able to apparently reduce the friction coefficient during sliding and
consequently reduce the shear stress, contact temperature and wear rate of fiber reinforced epoxy composites [6]. In order
to improve the friction and wear behavior of polymeric materials, one typical concept is to reduce their adhesion to the
counterpart material and to enhance their mechanical properties. This can be achieved quite successfully by using
inorganic fillers. Ng et al. [7] verified that nanoparticles can remarkably reduce the wear rate, while micron sized
particles cannot. Rong et al. [8] conformed that the dispersion state of the nanoparticles and micro-structural
homogeneity of the fillers improved the wear resistance significantly. The way of nanoparticle incorporation must be
considered as a very important key point to receive the desired material properties. The addition of different fillers
favorably stiffens the material and may also increase the strength under certain load conditions.
Bismaleimide (BMI) Resins are relatively young class of thermosetting polymers that are gaining acceptance by
industry because they combine a number of unique features including excellent physical property retention at elevated
temperatures and in wet environments, almost constant electrical properties over a wide range of temperatures, and
nonflammability properties. Their excellent processibility and balance of thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties
have made them popular in advanced composites. The application of BMI composite materials is being expanded,
especially for military aircraft structures. BMI was synthesized from 4, 4’- bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and maleic
acid anhydride, with the synthesis being followed by cyclodehydration. BMI was synthesized according to the method
for synthesis of allyl ether novlak described in [9]. Many modified BMI resin systems have been developed. Among
them a two-component high performance resin system based on BDM and O,O’-diallyl bisphenol A (DBA), coded as
BDM/DBA has been proved to have outstanding toughness, good humidity resistance, excellent thermal and mechanical
properties [10]. Hence, the BDM/DBA resin was chosen as the base resin in the present work.
Zirconium dioxide, which is also referred to as zirconium oxide or zirconia, is an inorganic metal oxide that is
mainly used in ceramic materials. Zirconium dioxide succeeds zirconium as a compound of the element zirconium that
most frequently occurs in nature [11]. Its great hardness, low reactivity, and high melting point have made it the oldest
mineral that can be found on the earth.
Majority of research studied detailed experimental work with effect of one factor by keeping all other factors
fixed, this approach is not advisable because in actual environment there will be combined effects of interacting factors
influencing the abrasive wear. Hence in this study an attempt is being made to study the interacting effects of factors
along with the main effect. To achieve this, design of experiments based on Taguchi method is adopted. This method is
advocated by Taguchi and Konishi [12]. Taguchi’s technique uses special design of orthogonal arrays to study the entire
parameter space with only a small number of experiments. Taguchi’s technique also helps in optimizing the critical
parameters [13].
In this study, we have developed a new type of ZrO2 nanoparticles filled BMI composites. A high shear mixing
procedure was used to uniformly disperse the ZrO2 nanoparticles into the BMI resin system. Effect of incorporation of
ZrO2 nanoparticles on impact strength, dynamic mechanical strength and dry sliding wear behaviour have been
investigated. The influence of independent parameters such as sliding velocity (A), normal load (B), filler content (C),
and sliding distance (D) on dry sliding wear behaviour has been considered using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array.
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
2.1 Materials
4, 4’ –Bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM) and O,O’ –diallylbisphenol A(BA) were supplied by ABR
Organics Limited, Hyderabad (India), Zirconia(ZrO2) nanoparticles were purchased from sigma Aldrich,
Bangalore(India).
The zirconia represents the ceramic nanocrystalline phase with size range of 60-100 nm (Fig 1). Along with a
spherical shape, their large number is characterized by a very high specific surface area of 100m2/g. This powder
contains particle agglomerates with sizes in the micrometer range (Fig 1), which consists of ZrO2 primary nanoparticles
sticking strongly together. Primary nanoparticles attract each other due to adhesive inter particle ‘van der Waals’ forces,
which originate from the materials surface energy.
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Fig. 1: Microstructure of zirconium nanoparticles
2.2 Preparation of ZrO2 filled BMI nanocomposites
Appropriate content of zirconia nanoparticles were added into BA at room temperature (25C) with vigorous
mechanical agitating. The mixture was agitated for 2 h followed by ultrasonic stirring for another 2 h to obtain a
homogeneous suspension. The detailed procedure of fabrication of zirconia filled BMI nanocomposites were given in
Elsewhere [3].
2.3 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
DMA is a technique, which is used to study the stress, temperature and frequency of the material when it is
subjected to a small deformation by sinusoidal load. DMA is used to measure the stiffness and damping in terms of
storagemodulus, loss modulus and tan . The approach is often used to determine glass transition temperature, as well.
The dimensions of the specimens were 3.2mm×12.5mm×63.5mm. The tests were conducted at a heating rate
5.0°C/minute from 0oC to 280oC at a frequency of 1.0Hz for the neat BMI and nano ZrO2 filled BMI.
2.4 Dry sliding wear measurements
Unlubricated pin-on-disc sliding wear tests were carried out in order to determine the tribological properties of
the nanocomposites. The disc material is made up of En-32 steel (diameter 160mm and 8 mm thickness) having hardness
value of HRc 65. The surface roughness of the disc varies from 0.02 to 0.06 μm. A constant 114 mm track diameter was
used throughout the experimental work. Sliding was performed in air with the ambient temperature of around 25C, over
different sliding distance at a sliding velocity of 0.5 m/s and a normal load of 40 N. Prior to wear testing, all specimens
were cleaned, that is, the sample was abraded with water-abrasive paper (600 grit) and a super-fine water-abrasive paper
successively. Then both the steel ring and the specimen were cleaned with acetone and distilled water. The wear process
takes some material away from the sample. This mass loss can accurately be measured by determining the weight of the
specimen before and after the experiment. A characteristic value, which describes the wear performance under the chosen
conditions for a tribo-system is the specific wear rate (Ks):
D
m
× ×
=
mm
N m
F L
K
N
s
3
r
(1)
Where m is the mass loss, is the measured density of the composite, FN is the normal load applied and L is the sliding
distance. In order to take repeatability into account, results from the friction and wear tests were obtained from three
readings and the average value was adapted in our results.
2.5 Experimental design
Design of experiments is the powerful analysis tool and analyzing the influence of the control factors on the
performance output. The most important stage is the design of experiments lies in the selection of the control factors.
Four parameters, namely, sliding velocity(A), normal load(B), filler content(C), and sliding distance(D) each at three
levels, are considered in this study in accordance with L27(313) orthogonal array design. Control parameters and their
levels are indicated in table. Four parameters each at three levels would require 34= 81runs in a full-factorial experiment,
4. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
whereas Taguchi’s factorial experiment approach reduces it to only 27 runs offering a great advantage. The plan of the
experiment is as follows: the first column of the Taguchi orthogonal array is assigned to the sliding velocity (A), the
second column to the normal load (B), the fifth column to the fiber content (C), the ninth column to sliding distance (D),
and remaining columns are assigned to their interactions and experimental errors.
65
Table 1: control factors and levels used in the experiment
LEVELS
Control factor I II III Units
A: Sliding velocity 0.5 1 1.5 m/s
B: Normal load 20 40 60 N
C: Filler content 0 5 10 %
D: Sliding distance 1000 2000 3000 M
The experimental observations are transformed into signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. There are several S/N ratios
available depending on the type of characteristic, which can be calculated as logarithmic transformation of the loss
function. For lower is the better performance characteristic S/N ratio is calculated as per
: S/N = -10 log [1/n (y2)] (2)
Where “n” is the number of observations and “y” is the observed data. “Lower is the better” (LB) characteristic,
with the above S/N ratio transformation, is suitable for minimization of wear rate. A statistical analysis of variance
(ANOVA) is performed to identify the control parameters that are statistically significant. With the S/N ratio and
ANOVA analyses, the optimal combination of wear parameters is predicted to acceptable level of accuracy. Finally
conformation of experiments is conducted to verify the optimal process parameters obtained from the parameters design.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Effects of concentrations of ZrO2 on the impact strength
The impact tests were performed using a Charpy impact tester according to the ASTM-D256. The impact
strength of the neat BMI is 1.4 kJ/m2 and the impact strength of nanocomposites increases to 2.2kJ/m2 for 5 wt% ZrO2
filled BMI composite. It is obvious that all the nanocomposites have improved impact strength.
All ZrO2 filled BMI nanocomposites show better performance, because they have more contact area with BMI
resin at the same particle loading and also because more interaction forces can occur, such as hydrogen bonding and Van
der Waals interaction. According to the craze mechanism, the addition of nanoparticles can lead to formation of more
crazes, and more impact energy can be absorbed compared with micron particles [14].
Of all the ZrO2 filled BMI composites, the 10 wt% ZrO2 filled BMI composite showed the highest impact
strength (2.8 kJ/m2). This is about two times that of neat BMI. This can be explained by the fact that ZrO2 nanopartilces
have the special two-dimensional nanostructure and fewer agglomerates compared with other nanostructures. It is well
known that nanopartilces have a high surface area, which results in excellent interfacial combinations of BMI resin with
silanated ZrO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the ZrO2 nanoparticles embedded in the BMI matrix work like load bearing
material in reinforced polymer, forming crack pinning and immobilizing the polymer, thus leading impact energy to be
conceded quickly.
3.2 Effects of concentrations of ZrO2 on the dynamic mechanical strength
The storage modulus versus temperature curve provides valuable information about the stiffness of a material as
a function of temperature, and it is sensitive to structural changes. DMA results for the nanocomposite systems show a
consistent trend of decreased storage modulus over the pure BMI (Fig.2). It seems reasonable to assume that a better
impregnation of the 5% wt ZrO2 nano-filler in to BMI will amplify the effect of stress transfer under loaded condition
due to increased filler-matrix bonding and degree of crosslinking action. On the other hand, large microsized clusters
formed during the mechanical agitation leads to marginal changes in storage and loss moduli from 5% to 10% of filler
loading.
Loss modulus is the capacity of a material to dissipate energy when placed when stressed. The addition of ZrO2
to the BMI matrix should increase the loss modulus. This is due to the fact that polymer segments bond to the surface, the
loops and chains that extend toward the bulk matrix are expected to support a mechanical interlocking with the bulk
chains.
Glass transition temperature reported here is the temperature corresponding to the peak of tan curves.
Referring to Fig 2, increase the glass transition temperatures from 860C to 1020C was observed with increase in filler
content from 5% to 10% of filler loading. This increase in, Tg, is probably due to the molecular weight effect, more
5. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
contact area of nano ZrO2 with BMI resin at the same particle loading and also because more interaction forces can
occur, such as hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interaction.
66
Fig. 2(a): DMA test result for neat BMI
Fig. 2(b): DMA test result for 5% ZrO2 filled BMI
Fig. 2(c): DMA test result for 10% ZrO2 filled BMI
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3.3 Effects of concentrations of ZrO2 on the specific wear rate
67
Plots of specific wear rate (ks) as a function of sliding distance for neat BMI and ZrO2 filled BMI
nanocomposites are shown in Fig. 3. The sliding between neat BMI and a flat steel countersurface, under a load of 40 N
and at 1 m/s, resulted in a specific wear rate of 3.815×10-5 mm3/Nm for 1000 m sliding distance. The order of wear
resistance behavior of BMI nanocomposites is as follows; 5 10 0% by weight of ZrO2 filler loading. BMI containing
5 wt% of ZrO2 had the smallest ks, while ks of neat BMI increased to some extent at an excessive content of ZrO2
particles (5 wt%), possibly owing to the poor adhesion of the nanoparticles by the BMI matrix and the conglomeration
of the nanoparticles at a too high filler content. With the addition of 5 wt% ZrO2 in BMI, the ks decreased. This behaviour
is in agreement with that of hardness results.
It is already known that majority microfillers are more effective in reducing the wear of different polymers. In
the case of neat BMI, wear debris consists of shear deformed polymer matrix containing broken pulverized matrix
particles and wear powder of the metallic countersurface. The particles can either be lost from the contact zone or
remains there for a fixed time as a transfer layer. In such cases, their polymer component can cushion the countersurface
asperities and reduce the effective toughness, but the pulverized matrix particles and wear powder of the metallic
countersurface can act as a third body abrasive leading to enhanced roughening of the countersurface. During wear
process, no transfer film was formed on the countersurface leading to higher ks for neat BMI. The wear loss is low for
ZrO2 filled BMI nanocomposites compared to neat BMI. At the start of sliding, the two surfaces of all the asperities were
in contact with each other. As shear forces were applied, the asperities deformed, and the ZrO2 particles protrude out
from the surface of the sample. Initially, BMI matrix wears out and only ZrO2 nanoparticles remain in contact with the
countersurface. As sliding distance increases the wear rate decreases, the ZrO2 nanoparticles wear out the steel
countersurface. Due to extreme hardness of the countersurface, ZrO2 nanoparticles adhere to the matrix and excess filler
concentration was noticed on the composite surface after prolonged sliding. During sliding, a rolling effect of
nanoparticles could reduce the shear stress and the contact temperature.
Fig. 3: Effect of sliding distance on specific wear rate
Hence, it was proposed that during the sliding process many of the hard particles were embedded in the soft
polymeric transfer films on the countersurface and grooved the sample surface. In this way, the distance between the
countersurface and the sample was also enhanced i.e., the particle acted as spacers. This in turn, can cause a reduction in
the adhesion between the contacting surfaces. Moreover, as the nanoparticles were free to move, they tend to be
dispersed uniformly over the transfer films during the wear process, which would result in a more uniform contact stress
between the contact surfaces and in turn minimizes the stress concentration. This ensured that the specific wear rate of
ZrO2 filled BMI was lower under higher sliding distance.
3.4 Statistical Analysis of wear rate by the Taguchi Technique
The analysis was made using the software MINITAB 17 specifically used for the design of experiment
applications. The parametric influence on dry sliding wear behaviour of the composite test specimen has been determined
by adopting the Taguchi technique. Experiments have been conducted as per standard L27 orthogonal array, using 3 levels
for each of 4 operational parameters, that is sliding velocity, normal load, filler content and sliding distance. The details
of orthogonal array along with the output parameter, that is, wear rate, is as shown in Table 2.
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68
Fig. 4 shows graphically the effect of the control factors on specific wear rate. Process parameter settings with
the highest S/N ratio always give in the optimum quality with minimum variance. The graphs show the change of the S/N
ratio when the setting of the control factor was changed from one level to the other. The best wear rate was at the higher
S/N values in the response graphs. From the plots it is clear that factor combination of A3, B2, C2, D3 and gives minimum
specific wear rate. Thus minimum specific wear rate for the developed composites is obtained when filler content and
normal load are at medium level, and the sliding velocity and sliding distance are at the highest level.
Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that as far as minimization of wear rate is concerned, factors
sliding velocity, normal load, filler content and sliding distance have significant effect. From the interaction effects of
control parameters it is well known that interactions do not occur when the lines on the interaction plots are parallel and
strong interactions occur between parameters when the lines cross. Examination of interaction results yields a small
interaction between control parameters. In order to justify the insignificant factor and insignificant interaction a further
statistical analysis (ANOVA) was carried out.
3.5 ANOVA and the Effects of Factors
ANOVA is a statistical design method used to break up the individual effects from all control factors. The
percentage contribution of each control factor is employed to measure the corresponding effect on the quality
characteristic. The significance of operational parameters, that is, sliding velocity, normal load, filler content and sliding
distance, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed on experimental data. The ANOVA allows analyzing the influence
of each variable on the total variance of the results. Table 4, shows the results of ANOVA for the wear of the test
samples. From Table 3 it is evident that normal load plays a significant role followed by, sliding velocity, sliding distance
and filler content.
Table 2: Standard orthogonal L27 array with output results
Sl no Sliding
Velocity
(m/s)
Load
(N)
Filler
content
(%)
Sliding
Distance
(m)
Specific
wear rate
(mm3/Nm)
1 0.5 20 0 1000 3.21259
2 0.5 20 5 2000 4.30731
3 0.5 20 10 3000 3.50298
4 0.5 40 0 2000 3.11220
5 0.5 40 5 3000 2.28418
6 0.5 40 10 1000 3.19021
7 0.5 60 0 3000 3.74803
8 0.5 60 5 1000 6.65675
9 0.5 60 10 2000 4.69149
10 1.0 20 0 2000 2.81102
11 1.0 20 5 3000 2.21892
12 1.0 20 10 1000 4.12851
13 1.0 40 0 3000 2.34252
14 1.0 40 5 1000 1.95787
15 1.0 40 10 2000 2.43957
16 1.0 60 0 1000 4.81889
17 1.0 60 5 2000 3.13259
18 1.0 60 10 3000 3.87830
19 1.5 20 0 3000 3.74803
20 1.5 20 5 1000 3.52416
21 1.5 20 10 2000 2.81489
22 1.5 40 0 1000 1.80708
23 1.5 40 5 2000 1.66419
24 1.5 40 10 3000 1.81404
25 1.5 60 0 2000 3.88188
26 1.5 60 5 3000 3.91513
27 1.5 60 10 1000 3.87830
8. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
M a in Ef fe ct s Plo t fo r SN ra t io s
D at a M ean s
Source DF Adj SS Contribution
SLIDING VELOCITY 2 3.9924 12.31
NORMAL LOAD 2 18.0114 55.56
FILLER CONTENT 2 0.0453 0.14
SLIDIND DISTANCE 2 1.9766 6.10
Error 18 8.3890 25.89
Total 26 32.4147
69
0 .5 1.0 1.5
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
2 0 4 0 6 0 0 5 10 10 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
SLID IN G V ELO CITY
Mean of SN ratios
N O RM AL LO AD FILLER CO N TEN T SLID IN D D ISTAN CE
Sig n a l-t o -n o ise: Sm a l ler is b et t er
Fig. 4: Effect of control factors on wear rate(S/N ratio).
Table 3: Analysis of variance for wear rate
4. CONCLUSIONS
%
This experimental investigation into the mechanical and tribological behavior of nano ZrO2 filled BMI
nanocomposites leads to the following conclusions.
The addition of the ZrO2 filler material has resulted in increased impact strength of the nanocomposite structure.
From the DMA results, storage moduli and loss moduli of BMI increased with the incorporation of nano ZrO2.
The dry sliding wear performance of neat BMI and ZrO2 filled BMI nanocomposites are in the following order:
BMI 1OZrO2-BMI 5ZrO2-BMI. This can be explained from an examination of the variation of specific wear
rate.
At higher sliding distance, the abrasive wear mechanisms could govern the interaction between the surfaces in
contact. In this condition the wear resistance of neat BMI could be increased by filling the matrix with ZrO2
nanoparticles. In particular, from the tests conducted, the dry sliding wear behaviour of 5 wt.% ZrO2 filled BMI
nanocomposites are better compared to neat BMI and with higher ZrO2 filler filled BMI nanocomposites.
Design of experiment approach by Taguchi method enable us to analyze successfully the wear behavior of the
composite with the sliding velocity, normal load, filler content, and sliding distance as test variables. From the S/N
ratio analysis, the optimal combination of wear parameters is obtained as A3B2C2D3 to minimize wear rate.
ANOVA results indicated indicate that normal load plays a significant role followed by, sliding velocity, sliding
distance, and filler content.
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