This document is a report submitted by a group of physics students that discusses holography. It defines holography as a technique that uses lasers and interference to record three-dimensional images on film. The document explains how holograms are recorded and reconstructed, and describes some of holography's applications, such as in optical storage, biomedical imaging, and scanners. It also compares holography to conventional photography and discusses holography's advantages and disadvantages.

2. Holography & it’s Applications

3. Submitted to : Ma’am Huma
Submitted by : Group 4
B.S Physics (4th Semester)
Section (A)
GCWU Sialkot
Group Members:
• Bisma Shakir 14020210-018
• Ishrat Fardos 14020210-012
• Faiqa Barkat 14020210-027
•Maham Idrees 14020210-010
•Saeyda Rida 14020210-028
•Fauzia Tehleel 14020210-033
•Warda Jabbar 14020210-048

4. CONTENTS
What is Holography?
Hologram
Hologram properties
Working of Holography
Recording a Hologram
Applications of Holography
Photography Vs Holography
Advantages & Dis-advantages
Conclusion
Bibliography

5. WHAT IS HOLOGRAPHY?
 “Holography from the Greek, whole+ write) is the
science of producing holograms”
 It is an advanced form of photography that allows
an image to be recorded in three dimensions
 “Holography is a method of producing a visual
three-dimensional (3-D) image of an object by
means of light wave patterns recorded on a
photographic plate.”

6. Cont…
The three dimensions are height, width, and depth
It is known as Lensless Photography
It produces Life like images
 Dennis Gabor…Father of holography and
holographic techniques
Later, he received the Nobel prize in
Physics in 1971

7. HOLOGRAM
A photograph of an interference pattern which,
when suitably illuminated by laser light, produces
a three-dimensional image.

8. HOLOGRAM PROPERTIES
If you look at these holograms from different
angles, you see objects from different
perspectives, just like you would if you were
looking at a real object
It shows Divisible property i.e If you cut one in
half, each half contains whole views of the
entire holographic image

10. Working of Holography:
Laser light… usually helium-neon (HeNe) laser is used
Beam splitter…device that use mirrors and prisms to split
laser beam into two beams
1. Object beam
2. Reference beam
Mirrors…Direct the beams of light to correct locations
Holographic Film…to record image very high resolution
Can be seen through naked eye
Image floats in free space

11. HOW TO CREATE A HOLOGRAM
 To create a hologram, a laser beam (coherent light) is split
in two beams :
Reference beam: that stays undisturbed
 object beam: strikes the object and then bounces
onto the plate
 Working of holography is divided into two phases:
 Recording
 Reconstruction

13. Reconstruction
When a hologram is later illuminated with coherent light of the same
frequency that created it, a three-dimensional image of the subject
appears.

14. APPLICATIONS OF HOLOGRAPHY
Optical Computers
Bio-medical Applications
Compact disk
Grocery store
Holographic Interferometery
Holographic Scanners
Holostores

15. Cont…
 Optical computers Will use
holograms as "circuit elements".
Parallel processing is made
possible because when a
Hologram is addressed, all
the information comes out
simultaneously.

16. Cont…
Biomedical applications of holography is actively
pursued in the U.S. and Europe. Holograms are made inside
live organs through optical fibers, providing more details
than any previous alternate techniques.

17. Cont…
Compact discs players use
holograms to handle light.
Grocery store scanners use
spinning holograms.

18. Cont…
Holographic interferometry
is used in numerous laboratories
for non-destructive testing. It
Visually reveals structural
faults without damaging the
specimen.

19. Continue…
Holographic scanners are
Used in store check-out counters
for reading the bar codes. A
rotating computer-generated
hologram is responsible for both
the scanning and the detecting
of the scattered light.

20. Cont…
Holostore is a holographic computer memory system
being manufactured to replace your disc drive. It will have
thousands time more memory capacity and no mechanical
movements.

21. Cont…
Video Gaming Living Room

22. Cont…
Teaching & Education:

23. Photography Vs Holography
PHOTOGRAPHY
 2-D recording process.
 Ordinary light can be
used
 Lens system
 Image has poor
resolution
HOLOGRAPHY
 3-D recording process.
 Only laser light can be
used
 Lensless system
 Very high resolution

24. Advantages:
Cost effective
Higher storage capacity
Increased feasibility of objects(depth)
Enables the achievement of multiple image on a
single plate and give 3-D images
Ability to combine with other technologies

25. DISADVANTAGES:
Provide static images
Don not produce images of complex movement
Require complicated precise machinery to
produce and view an image
Reference illumination beams are collinear

26. CONCLUSION
 Holographic technology has endless applications as
far as the human mind can imagine
 Holographic technologies are not just about art or
business communication, they are about safety,
security, education ,planning and the strength of
our civilization here and beyond
 Holographic Technology will became a very integral
part of human societies and civilizations in future

27. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.scienceclasified.com/He-In/Hologram-and-
Holography.html
 www.slideshare.net/singhaishali5/introduction-to-
holography-39013364
 http://www.slideshare.net/vigneshwarvs/new-holography-
technology-all-ppt
 http://www.slideshare.net/DheerajYadav28/regeneration-
of-hologram-from-a-slice
 http://www.winnerscience.com/science/physics/laser-
physics/difference-beween-holography-and-photography/