Opthalmic trauma pdf
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basic description of trauma to the eye with pictures and notes intended for junior drs covering casualty dept
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Hyphema, Basic Information
This document discusses traumatic hyphema, which is bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye following an eye injury. It can be caused by blunt trauma, surgery, or spontaneously from conditions like tumors or blood clotting issues. Symptoms include blurred vision, pain and photophobia. Treatment involves protecting the eye, preventing further bleeding with medications, and sometimes surgically removing blood if pressure rises too high. Goals are to prevent secondary glaucoma and damage to vision.
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penetrating injury to eye
Penetrating eye injuries are commonly caused by sharp objects like needles, sticks, or glass. They can cause mechanical damage to eye structures as well as introduce infection. Symptoms include redness, pain, and vision loss. Examination may reveal lacerations or penetration of the sclera or cornea. Treatment depends on the severity but generally involves antibiotics to prevent infection, with suturing of larger wounds. Globe rupture from blunt trauma risks extrusion of intraocular contents and requires careful examination to avoid further damage.
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Hyphema refers to blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. It is typically caused by trauma that tears blood vessels in the iris, ciliary body, or trabecular meshwork. Hyphemas are classified based on their etiology (cause), amount of bleeding, and location in the eye. Treatment involves resting the eye, using cycloplegic eye drops to prevent inflammation, and occasionally surgically removing blood if it causes increased pressure or vision loss. The prognosis is generally good if the hyphema involves less than half the anterior chamber, but can be poorer for larger bleeds.
Blunt trauma to eye
1. Blunt trauma to the eye can cause a variety of injuries depending on the force and location of impact, including direct damage to the eyeball at the point of impact, damage from compression waves transmitted through the eye's fluid contents, and indirect damage from impact with bony eye socket structures.
2. Specific injuries include abrasions, tears or detachments of the cornea, iris, retina, choroid or sclera, hyphema, cataracts, subluxation or dislocation of the lens, vitreous hemorrhages, glaucoma, commotio retinae, retinal tears and detachments, and macular holes.
3. More severe blunt trauma can cause
Ocular Emergency
1. The document discusses various ocular emergencies including traumatic injuries like hyphema, ruptured globe, and chemical burns as well as non-traumatic emergencies like acute angle closure glaucoma and orbital cellulitis.
2. Management strategies are provided for different conditions including irrigation for chemical burns, medications to lower IOP for glaucoma, and IV antibiotics for orbital cellulitis.
3. Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended for penetrating injuries, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, and conditions requiring surgery.
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penetrating injury to eye
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Hyphema refers to blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. It is typically caused by trauma that tears blood vessels in the iris, ciliary body, or trabecular meshwork. Hyphemas are classified based on their etiology (cause), amount of bleeding, and location in the eye. Treatment involves resting the eye, using cycloplegic eye drops to prevent inflammation, and occasionally surgically removing blood if it causes increased pressure or vision loss. The prognosis is generally good if the hyphema involves less than half the anterior chamber, but can be poorer for larger bleeds.
Blunt trauma to eye
1. Blunt trauma to the eye can cause a variety of injuries depending on the force and location of impact, including direct damage to the eyeball at the point of impact, damage from compression waves transmitted through the eye's fluid contents, and indirect damage from impact with bony eye socket structures.
2. Specific injuries include abrasions, tears or detachments of the cornea, iris, retina, choroid or sclera, hyphema, cataracts, subluxation or dislocation of the lens, vitreous hemorrhages, glaucoma, commotio retinae, retinal tears and detachments, and macular holes.
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2. Management strategies are provided for different conditions including irrigation for chemical burns, medications to lower IOP for glaucoma, and IV antibiotics for orbital cellulitis.
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This document provides an overview of eyelid anatomy and physiology. It describes the gross anatomy and layers of the eyelid, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi muscle, orbital septum, tarsal plates, smooth muscles, and conjunctiva. It also discusses eyelid arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply. The functions of eyelids and different types of eyelid movements such as opening, closing, blinking, winking, and Bell's phenomenon are explained.
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Opthalmic trauma pdf
- 1. A PRESENTATION BY THE CASUALTY CREW OPTHALMIC TRAUMA
- 3. CORNEAL ABRASION • DIFFICULT TO SEE • BE SUSPICIOUS WHEN PAIN DOES NOT MATCH WHAT YOU CAN SEE • NOTICE THE INJECTION OF VESSELS • IF YOU’RE NOT SURE IF ITS SERIOUS RATHER REFER TO OPHTHALMOLOGISTS
- 4. BLUE LIGHT AND STAINING THE SAME EYE THIS TIME IT STAINED WITH FLUORESCEIN MULTIPLE LINEAR ABRASIONS ABRASION MUCH EASIER TO SEE NOW
- 5. REMEMBER TO CHECK UNDER THE EYELID ❖ CAREFUL EXAMINATION WILL OFTEN SAVE YOU FROM UNNECESSARY BLUSHES LATER ON ❖ IF A FOREIGN BODY IS EMBEDDED DO NOT REMOVE IT YOURSELF BUT REFER
- 6. SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HAEMMORHAGE ❖ ARE BOTH OF THESE SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HAEMORRHAGES?
- 7. THIS IS A SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HAEMMORHAGE ❖ NOTICE THE FLAT NAURE ❖ BRIGHT RED ❖ OFTEN DUE TO TRIVIAL INJURY (COUGH , SNEEZE, MINOR TRAUMA) ❖ NO TX NEEDED ❖ REASSURE PT
- 8. THIS IS A BLOODY CHEMOSIS ❖ NOTICE THE SWELLING OF THE SCLERA ❖ THIS IS NORMALLY DUE TO TRAUMA ❖ HIGHLY SUSPICIOUS OF PENETRATING GLOBE TRAUMA ❖ IF NOT FROM TRAUMA MAY BE SIGN OF A COAGULOPATHY ❖ REQUIRES REFERRAL
- 9. FOREIGN BODIES ❖ MECHANISM OF INJURY VERY IMPORTANT ❖ IF YOU SUSPECT PENETRATING INJURY THEN YOU……….. ❖ DONT FORGET YOUR TETANUS PROPHYLAXIS ❖ DONT TRY AND REMOVE RUST RINGS RUST RING FROM FB
- 10. HYPHEMA BLOOD IN ANTERIOR CHAMBER ❖ YOU KNOW WHAT I’M GONNA SAY…………………………………. ❖ REFER REFER REFER!!!! ❖ THIS IS A RELATIVE EMERGENCY, SHOULD BE SEEN WITHIN 24 HRS 8 BALL HYPHEMA
- 11. DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE WHATS GOING ON HERE? ❖ THIS PT WAS WORKING WITH AN ANGLE GRINDER
- 12. INTRA-OCULAR FB ❖ MECHANISM OF INJURY IMPORTANT ❖ PAIN IS OFTEN NOT THAT SEVERE ❖ YOU NEED TO HAVE A HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION ❖ AND THEN YOU………. NOTICE THE FB! NOTICE THE TEAR DROP PUPIL
- 13. AND WHAT IS THIS?
- 14. VERY EASY TO MISS !!! LENS DISLOCATION ❖ ALWAYS DO A CAREFUL EXAMINATION ❖ CURSORY GLANCES AT THE EYE WONT REVEAL MUCH ❖ PT WILL COMPLAIN OF VISUAL DISTURBANCES ❖ LOOKS LIKE YOU SHOULD MEMORIZE THE EYE CLINIC SPEED DIAL!!!! LENS
- 15. WHAT DO WE DO IN CASUALTY? IRIODIALYSIS ❖ THE IRIS IS PULLED AWAY FROM THE CILLIARY BODY ❖ PT WILL COMPLAIN OF VISUAL DISTURBANCES AND A DOUBLE PUPIL
- 16. WHAT DO YOU SEE?
- 19. DESCRIBE THESE INJURIES BLOODY CHEMOSIS UPPER LID MEDIAL CANTHUS LACRIMAL DUCT GLOBE RUPTURE 8 BALL HYPHEMA LAT CANTHUS OPEN GLOBE TEAR DROP PUPIL HYPHEMA SUBCONJ HAEM IRIS HERNIATION CORNEAL OEDEMA
- 20. EYELID ANATOMY
- 21. EYELID TRAUMA LACRMAL SAC AND DUCT NEEDS ANATOMIC REPAIR DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE DESCRIBE
- 22. SO WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THESE INJURIES IN CASUALTY?
- 23. WE REFER BECAUSE WE MAY DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD THIS REPAIR LOOKS REASONABLE BUT THE PT SUFFERED LONG TERM CONTRACTURES, EYELID RETRACTION LAGOPHTALMOS
- 24. DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE
- 26. BLOODY CHEMOSIS SUSPECTED LENS DIXLOCATION SMALL HYPHEMA INFERIOR LID INJURY LACRIMAL DUCT/SAC INJURY SUP LID INJURY GLOBE RUPTURE IRIS HERNIATION EXTRUSION OF ORBITAL CONTENTS LATERAL CANTHUS INJURY