This document discusses opportunistic mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) where nodes communicate by exploiting contact opportunities as they move randomly. It presents an analysis of flooding time, which is the number of time steps required for a message to spread from a source node to all other nodes. The analysis derives an upper bound on flooding time that decreases with node speed, showing that higher mobility can enable faster information spreading even when the network is sparse and disconnected. This bound is nearly tight and holds with high probability. Thus mobility is considered a resource rather than a hurdle for data forwarding in opportunistic MANETs.

1. Opportunistic MANETs: Mobility Can Make Up for Low
Transmission Power
ABSTRACT:
Opportunistic mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a special class of sparse and
disconnected MANETs where data communication exploits sporadic contact
opportunities among nodes. We consider opportunistic MANETs where nodes
move independently at random over a square of the plane. Nodes exchange data if
they are at a distance at most within each other, where is the node transmission
radius. The flooding time is the number of time-steps required to broadcast a
message from a source node to every node of the network. Flooding time is an
important measure of how fast information can spread in dynamic networks. We
derive the first upper bound on the flooding time, which is a decreasing function of
the maximal speed of the nodes. The bound holds with high probability, and it is
nearly tight. Our bound shows that, thanks to node mobility, even when the
network is sparse and disconnected, information spreading can be fast.
EXISTING SYSTEM:

2. Previous experimental works in this topic in fact show that data communication
can benefit from node mobility even though all the snapshots of the network are
not connected.
The impact of node mobility in data propagation is currently one of the major
issues in network theory. The new trend is to consider node mobility as a resource
for data forwarding rather than a hurdle. This is well captured by the model known
as opportunistic mobile ad hoc networks (opportunistic MANETs), an interesting
recent evolution of MANETs. Several emerging application scenarios can be
considered as instances of opportunistic MANETs, such as vehicular networks (at
least when traffic density is not high), certain types of mobile sensor networks, and
pocket switched networks. The latter type of network is formed by powerful
handheld devices—able to establish direct wireless communication links through,
e.g., a Wi-Fi interface—carried around by humans in their everyday life.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
The term opportunistic also refers to the fact that the communication protocol
does not control node mobility (think about cars, bikes, or pedestrians),
however mobility can be exploited. This is the main reason why the energy
consumption due to node mobility is not considered in the protocol analysis.
Data communication can benefit from node mobility even though all the snap
shots of the network are not connected.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The aim of this work is to investigate the speed of data propagation in
opportunistic MANETs: Here, classic static concepts like global connectivity and
network diameter are not very meaningful.
In order to investigate the speed of data propagation, we consider the flooding time.
The flooding is the simple broadcast protocol where every informed node sends the
source message at every time-step (a node is said to be informed if it knows the
source message). The flooding time is the first time-step in which all nodes are
informed. It is a natural lower bound for any broadcast protocol, and it bounds the
maximal speed of data propagation: the same role of the diameter in static
networks.
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Our flooding analysis does not consider the interference problem in message
transmissions: This is typically managed at the MAC layer of a wireless network
architecture.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:-
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:-

4.  Processor - Pentium –IV
 Speed - 1.1 Ghz
 RAM - 512 MB(min)
 Hard Disk - 40 GB
 Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
 Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
 Monitor - LCD/LED
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-
 Operating System : LINUX
 Tool : Network Simulator-2
 Front End : OTCL (Object Oriented Tool Command
Language)
REFERENCE:

5. Andrea Clementi, Francesco Pasquale, and Riccardo Silvestri ―Opportunistic
MANETs: Mobility Can Make Up for Low Transmission Power‖- IEEE/ACM
TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL. 21, NO. 2, APRIL 2013.