Opium is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It contains several alkaloids, with morphine making up 10-16% and being its most important constituent. Opium is cultivated legally in countries like India, Turkey, and Afghanistan by making incisions in the seed pods to extract the milky latex, which is then dried into balls or cakes. In addition to morphine, opium contains alkaloids like codeine and thebaine. It has narcotic, analgesic, and sedative effects and is used to relieve pain, diarrhea, dysentery, and cough, but prolonged use can lead to addiction.