Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the eye and visual system. The document discusses different types of conjunctivitis including bacterial conjunctivitis caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae. It presents symptoms like redness, tearing and discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics. Viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting while bacterial conjunctivitis requires antibiotics. Glaucoma is also discussed, which is an eye disease associated with high pressure in the eye that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss or blindness.

1. Ophthalmology
Presented By:
Priyanka N. Deshmukh
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2.  Defination
 Medical science that deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease that
affects the visual system.
 Bacterial conjunctivitis
 Viral conjunctivitis
 Glaucoma P
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3. Bacterial conjunctivitis
Common form of pink eye caused by bacteria that enter the eye from a variety of sources.
Etiopathogenesis:
1. Streptococcus pneumonia
2. Streptococcus aureus
3. Streptococcus epidermidis
Sexually transmitted infections
1. Gonorrhea
2. Chlamydia
Clinical manifestation:
1. Pinkness / redness in the eyes.
2. Itching, burning, mild pain in the eye.
3. Increased tearing and watering of the eyes.
4. Inflammed eye lids.
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4. Pharmacological management
Bacterial conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis
1. General bacterial conjunctivitis:
Erythromycin
1. Self- limiting condition. Therefore,
supportive treatment is sufficient.
2. Trachoma: single oral dose
azithromycin
2. In some cases, topical antiviral can be
applied.
E.g. Acyclovir, ganciclovir
3. Gonoccocal conjunctivitis:IV/
IM ceftriaxone plus oral
azithromycin with saline irrigation.
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5. Bacterial conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis
Etiology 1. Streptococcus pneumonia
2. Streptococcus aureus
3. Streptococcus epidermidis
1. Adenovirus
2. Picorvirus
3. HIV
4. Herpes simplex virus(HSV)
Laterality Unilateral Bilateral
Ocular discharge Thick purulent discharge(yellow, white or
green)
Clear, watery discharge
Vision 1. Reduced
2. Risk of blindness
Usually normal
Additional symptoms Extraocular signs of bacterial infection. 1. Increased lacrimation
2. Extraocular signs of viral infection.
Treatment Need antibiotic treatment 1. Self limiting condition.
2. No need of any specific medications.
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6. Glaucoma
Eye disease associated with high intraocular pressure in which damage to the eye’s(optic) nerve causes
vision loss and even blindness.
Etiopathogenesis:
1. Eye drainage is obstructed.
2. Blood pressure that is too high or too low.
3. Eye drops that dilate the pupils.
4. Reduced or absent blood flow to the optic nerve.
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7. Clinical manifestation:
Open-angle glaucoma Angle - closure glaucoma Chronic angle - closure
glaucoma
Asymptomatic Nausea, vomiting Asymptomatic
Mild headache Frontal headache Progessive vision loss
beginning with peripheral fields
of vision.
Scotoma Blurring of vision on the same
side
Sudden onset of symptoms
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