The document provides an overview of conjunctivitis in children, detailing its types, symptoms, risk factors, prevention, and treatment options. It explains the differences between viral, bacterial, and allergic conjunctivitis, along with recommended nursing management practices. Emphasizing the contagious nature of conjunctivitis, it also highlights the importance of hygiene and proper care for affected individuals.

1. CONJUNCTIVITIS
Pediatric nursing
PREPARE BY :
AYAT EIDAN LAZIM
FATIMA SALLEM ABBOD
FATIMA ABD AL RASOL
MARYAM NOURY JABAR
DOHA AZIZ ASHOUR
QASSIM KAZEM MOHSEN
SUPERVISED BY :
FARZAQ FAKHIR GATAE

2. INTRODUCTION
 is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part
of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid.
it makes the eye appear pink or reddish Pain, burning,
scratchiness, or itchiness may occur The affected eye may
have increased tears or be "stuck shut" in the morning
Swelling of the white part of the eye may also occur Itching
is more common in cases due to allergie Conjunctivitis can
affect one or both eyes

3.  Pink eye (conjunctivitis) is an inflammation or
infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva)
that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of
your eyeball.
When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become
inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the
whites of your eyes to appear reddish or pink.
DEFINITION

4. TYPES
 There are three main types of conjunctivitis, which are:
 1. Viral conjunctivitis
 It is the most common type of conjunctivitis, often
caused by infection with the highly contagious
adenovirus, as it:
 It can be transmitted through respiratory droplets to
the eyes by sneezing, coughing, or touching your eyes,
or it may accompany colds, flu, and other upper
respiratory infections.
 The inflammation usually goes away without
intervention within a short period.

5. TYPES
 2. Bacterial conjunctivitis
 A common condition of conjunctivitis caused by
bacteria, it is also:
 Eyes affected by bacterial ophthalmia produce thick
white, yellow, or yellowish-green discharge.
 The inflammation usually goes away on its own
within 1-2 weeks, but you may need antibiotic drops.
 3. Allergic conjunctivitis
 It usually occurs when a person's eye comes into
contact with an allergen.

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Conjunctivitis signs and symptoms usually affect both eyes
and may include:
 Minor itching and irritation of the eyes and eyelids
 Discharge from both eyes that contains mucus or pus
 swollen eyelid
 Photosensitivity (photophobia)
 eye pain and redness
 loss of sight
 Young children in particular are most susceptible to
infection. However, the disease progresses slowly, and the
most painful symptoms do not appear until adulthood

8. RISK FACTORS
Factors that increase the risk of conjunctivitis
include:
 • Crowded living quarters.
 • Poor sanitation. Poor health conditions, lack of
water use and neglect of child hygiene
 • Age. In areas where the disease is common, the
incidence is higher among children between 4-6 years.

9. RISK FACTORS
 • Sex. In some regions, women get this disease two
to six times more often than men. This may be
because women are more mixed with children, who
are the source of this disease.
 • flies. People who live in areas that have problems
controlling swarms of flying insects, such as flies, may
be more susceptible to infection.

10. COMPLICATION
 A single episode of trachoma caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis is easily treated with early detection and
antibiotics. Re-infection or secondary infection may cause
complications, including:
 1-Scarring of the inner surface of the eyelid
 2-Eyelid abnormalities, such as drooping of the eyelid
inward (entropion), or ingrown eyelashes (trichiasis) that
may scratch the cornea
 3-Corneal scarring or clouding
 4-Partial or total vision loss

11. PREVENTING IN NEWBORNS
Newborns' eyes are susceptible to bacteria normally present
in the mother's birth canal. These bacteria cause no
symptoms in the mother.
In rare cases, these bacteria can cause infants to develop
a serious form of conjunctivitis known as ophthalmia
neonatorum , which needs treatment without delay to
preserve sight. That's why shortly after birth, an antibiotic
ointment is applied to every newborn's eyes.
The ointment helps prevent eye infection.

12.  Conjunctivitis is a contagious disease if it is caused by
viruses or bacteria, so you must teach your child to
follow some tips to avoid transmitting the infection to
others. Here are the most important tips to avoid
transmitting conjunctivitis:
PREVENTION

13. CONT
 Wash the child's hands frequently with soap and water.
 Warn your child not to touch his eyes.
 Do not allow your child to share personal belongings
such as a pillow or towel with others, and clean them
daily with hot water.
 Allow your child to rest at home and miss school or
nursery until he recovers

14. TREATMENT
There are many causes of conjunctivitis, so the treatment
of conjunctivitis in children depends on the cause, as well
as on the child's age, symptoms and health in general.
The treatment of conjunctivitis in children can be done
as follows:
1. Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment
 Bacterial ophthalmia usually occurs in newborns and
leads to red eyes, swollen eyelids and excessive eye
discharge.

15. CONT
 Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with eye drops or
ointments containing antibiotics, and in severe cases,
treatment can be done with oral or intravenous
antibiotics.
 Cold compresses can also be applied to the affected
eye, as this will relieve symptoms.

16. CONT
2. Viral conjunctivitis treatment
 Drug treatments are not used to treat conjunctivitis caused by
viruses, but periodic monitoring is done by the doctor until the
situation improves.
 In some severe viral conjunctivitis cases, the doctor may
prescribe eye drops that contain antibiotics, which increase
the risk of infection with bacteria and the occurrence of
bacterial conjunctivitis.
 But it is worth noting that in the case of viral conjunctivitis
caused by the herpes virus, treatment is necessary because of
the complications that herpes may cause in the eye.

17. CONT
3. Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
 Allergic conjunctivitis is treated with topical or oral
antihistamines, and cold compresses can be applied
to relieve redness and pain.

18. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Care of the client with conjunctivitis focuses on
resolving the infection and teaching prevention.
 Carry out measures to control pain.
 Demonstrate infection control measures.
 Assess the client vision status Teach the client about
possible adverse effects form treatment such as eye
drops and ointment

19. CONT
 Teach proper hand washing technique because
conjunctivitis can be highly contagious.
 Tell the patient to avoid sharing washcloths, towels
and pillows with others.
 Teach the patient to instil eye drops and ointments
correctly, without touching the bottle tip to his /her
eye or lashes.