Operating system and security
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The document discusses real-time operating systems (RTOSes). It defines an RTOS as an operating system intended for applications that process data as it comes in without buffer delays. Examples provided of applications that use RTOSes include embedded systems, industrial robots, and scientific research equipment. The document outlines two basic RTOS designs: event-driven systems that switch tasks only when higher priority events need service, and time-sharing systems that switch tasks on a clock interrupt. Real-life examples of RTOSes mentioned include Windows CE, QNX, RT Linux, VxWorks, and Tron.
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Meeting 3
The document discusses software and operating systems. It defines software as programs, data, and protocols that do not have a physical form. It then defines operating systems as special programs that load automatically and act as an interface between the user and hardware. Finally, it discusses application software, which are programs used after the operating system loads, such as word processors and spreadsheets. It provides examples of operating systems like Windows and Linux and applications like Microsoft Office.
Operating system
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.
Operating system
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It begins by defining an operating system as system software that manages computer hardware and resources, providing services to programs. It then discusses the dominant desktop, mobile, and server operating systems. Finally, it lists and describes several key functions of operating systems, including I/O management, memory management, process management, time sharing, security, deadlock prevention, and interrupt handling.
Operating system vulnerability and control
Vulnerabilities exist in operating systems like Linux, UNIX and Windows. A vulnerability is a weakness that allows an attacker to compromise a system's security. Vulnerabilities occur at the intersection of a system flaw, an attacker's access to the flaw, and their ability to exploit it. Common UNIX vulnerabilities include setuid problems, trojan horses and terminal troubles. Windows is vulnerable to password issues, peer-to-peer file sharing exploits, and Outlook/Outlook Express bugs. Linux has flaws like missing permission checks, uninitialized data, and memory mismanagement. Control is important for operating systems to balance robustness, predictability and efficiency. The trusted computing base (TCB) aims to enforce security by containing all elements
ObserveIT -Unix/ Linux session recording
ObserveIT captures all user sessions, for both Unix/Linux users as well as Windows users. As compared to the Windows sessions, ObserveIT includes some additional capabilities that are unique to the Unix and Linux environments.
The Unix/Linux Agent records user activity in any interactive shell running on the machine, and transfers the data to the ObserveIT Management Server. Recording begins whenever a user starts an SSH or Telnet shell login to the system.
ObserveIT captures important hidden information about each user command, by capturing the resources affected and system calls made by each command.
All about the Meltdown Cyber Attack (CVE-2017-5754) by Manula Udugahapattuwa
Also known as Variant 3: rogue data cache load (CVE-2017-5754)
Exploit CRITICAL Vulnerabilities in modern Processors.
Steal Currently Processed Data on the computer.
Works on personal Computers Mobile devices and in the cloud.
Intel Microprocessors and some ARM Processors are affected.
Introduction to Operating system
The first operating system was created in 1956 to run a single IBM mainframe computer. Operating systems in the 1950s were called batch processing systems because data was submitted in groups. An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and ties all operating system components together. There are several types of operating systems including real-time, single-user/single-tasking, single-user/multitasking, and multi-user/multitasking operating systems. A user interface like a graphical user interface (GUI) or command line interface (CLI) allows users to interact with the operating system.
Operating system security
This document provides an overview of operating system security. It discusses the key components and functions of an operating system including multitasking, resource management, user interfaces, and more. It then examines the security environment of an operating system including services, files, memory, authentication, authorization, and vulnerabilities. Finally, it outlines best practices for securing an operating system such as installing only necessary software, configuring users and permissions properly, applying patches and updates, and performing regular security monitoring, backups and testing.
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Meeting 3
The document discusses software and operating systems. It defines software as programs, data, and protocols that do not have a physical form. It then defines operating systems as special programs that load automatically and act as an interface between the user and hardware. Finally, it discusses application software, which are programs used after the operating system loads, such as word processors and spreadsheets. It provides examples of operating systems like Windows and Linux and applications like Microsoft Office.
Operating system
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.
Operating system
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It begins by defining an operating system as system software that manages computer hardware and resources, providing services to programs. It then discusses the dominant desktop, mobile, and server operating systems. Finally, it lists and describes several key functions of operating systems, including I/O management, memory management, process management, time sharing, security, deadlock prevention, and interrupt handling.
Operating system vulnerability and control
Vulnerabilities exist in operating systems like Linux, UNIX and Windows. A vulnerability is a weakness that allows an attacker to compromise a system's security. Vulnerabilities occur at the intersection of a system flaw, an attacker's access to the flaw, and their ability to exploit it. Common UNIX vulnerabilities include setuid problems, trojan horses and terminal troubles. Windows is vulnerable to password issues, peer-to-peer file sharing exploits, and Outlook/Outlook Express bugs. Linux has flaws like missing permission checks, uninitialized data, and memory mismanagement. Control is important for operating systems to balance robustness, predictability and efficiency. The trusted computing base (TCB) aims to enforce security by containing all elements
ObserveIT -Unix/ Linux session recording
ObserveIT captures all user sessions, for both Unix/Linux users as well as Windows users. As compared to the Windows sessions, ObserveIT includes some additional capabilities that are unique to the Unix and Linux environments.
The Unix/Linux Agent records user activity in any interactive shell running on the machine, and transfers the data to the ObserveIT Management Server. Recording begins whenever a user starts an SSH or Telnet shell login to the system.
ObserveIT captures important hidden information about each user command, by capturing the resources affected and system calls made by each command.
All about the Meltdown Cyber Attack (CVE-2017-5754) by Manula Udugahapattuwa
Also known as Variant 3: rogue data cache load (CVE-2017-5754)
Exploit CRITICAL Vulnerabilities in modern Processors.
Steal Currently Processed Data on the computer.
Works on personal Computers Mobile devices and in the cloud.
Intel Microprocessors and some ARM Processors are affected.
Introduction to Operating system
The first operating system was created in 1956 to run a single IBM mainframe computer. Operating systems in the 1950s were called batch processing systems because data was submitted in groups. An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and ties all operating system components together. There are several types of operating systems including real-time, single-user/single-tasking, single-user/multitasking, and multi-user/multitasking operating systems. A user interface like a graphical user interface (GUI) or command line interface (CLI) allows users to interact with the operating system.
Operating system security
This document provides an overview of operating system security. It discusses the key components and functions of an operating system including multitasking, resource management, user interfaces, and more. It then examines the security environment of an operating system including services, files, memory, authentication, authorization, and vulnerabilities. Finally, it outlines best practices for securing an operating system such as installing only necessary software, configuring users and permissions properly, applying patches and updates, and performing regular security monitoring, backups and testing.
Operating System Security
The document discusses operating system (OS) security. It begins by defining an OS and explaining that OS security refers to protecting information and data used on a computer system. It then lists some key OS security issues like physical security, authentication, software vulnerabilities, and malware. Several main security threats to OS are described such as unauthorized access, unauthorized resource use, data theft, and denial of service attacks. The document provides precautions to improve OS security like setting BIOS passwords, using strong user account passwords, encrypting data, installing antivirus software, and using a personal firewall. It states that Linux and other UNIX-based systems are generally more secure than Windows due to fewer viruses and malware. The conclusion emphasizes that security depends on the
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Operating system security (OS security) involves ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the OS through measures like regular updates, antivirus software, firewalls, and secure user accounts. The document then discusses security kernels, which provide a small, verified foundation to enforce security policies. It describes the Honeywell Secure Communications Processor (Scomp) system, which implemented a multilevel security model using a security kernel, new hardware mechanisms, and a custom application interface instead of emulating another OS. Scomp's architecture isolated kernel components in separate hardware rings and used hardware to mediate all access to resources according to a mandatory access control policy.
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This document summarizes a paper that proposes a hardware-centric approach called Limited Local Memory (LLM) architecture to isolate security monitors from target systems that may be compromised. The LLM architecture enhances multicore chips so each chip has a private memory area. It also proposes a secure paging mechanism. Together, the LLM and paging allow one processor core to execute as a monitor from local memory without interacting directly with the target system, establishing a tamper-proof environment for security tools. The monitor can then oversee the target's execution and inspect its code and data without being infected by the target.
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The document discusses processor management in operating systems. It explains that operating systems must ensure each process receives enough processor time while using processor cycles efficiently. A process is a unit of software that can be controlled by the user, other applications, or the operating system. In single-tasking systems, the operating system allows one application to run at a time, suspending it for interrupts. In multi-tasking systems, the operating system rapidly switches between processes to give the appearance they are running simultaneously. It does this by allocating CPU time to each process and saving/loading their register, stack, and queue states.
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This document provides an overview of operating system security across different platforms. It discusses OS security basics like separation and access control. It then covers specific areas like user accounts, file systems, networking, authentication methods, access control, logging and auditing, and memory protection. For each area, details are given for both UNIX and Windows environments. The goal is to explain how security is implemented and achieved at the OS level.
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The document discusses several important operating system security issues. The operating system must provide protection mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to processes and resources. It also needs flexibility to configure how resources are shared between processes and change these configurations as needed. Key security issues for an operating system include implementing protection mechanisms, controlling resource sharing, enforcing security policies, and utilizing authentication and authorization.
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Computer Operating System
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It performs basic tasks like controlling peripheral devices and ensures security by preventing unauthorized access. Operating systems can be classified as multi-user, allowing multiple users to run programs simultaneously; multiprocessor, supporting programs running on more than one CPU; multitasking, allowing concurrent execution of multiple programs; and multithreading, where different parts of a single program run concurrently. Real-time operating systems also instantly respond to inputs.
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An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for programs. It has four main parts: the kernel, device drivers, user interface, and system utilities. The operating system manages resources like the CPU, memory, I/O devices, and security and networking. Common operating systems include batch, time-sharing, distributed, network, and real-time systems. It performs processes management, memory management, input/output management, security management, and networking management.
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This document provides an introduction to operating systems, including definitions, functions, types, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware and acts as an interface between the user and computer. Operating systems perform functions like program creation, execution, input/output, error detection, and resource allocation. They can be classified as single-user or multi-user systems. Examples of operating systems discussed include Windows, Linux, Unix, and Mac OS. Key details about Linux and its latest versions are also provided.
Overview of various types of operating system
The operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and comes in various types including single-tasking, multi-tasking, distributed, templated, embedded, and real-time. It performs functions like process management, memory management, I/O device management, file systems, protection and security, networking, and device drivers. Examples of operating systems include open source ones like UNIX and Linux, proprietary ones like Macintosh, and hybrid ones like Microsoft.
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An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It provides an environment for users to run programs efficiently and conveniently by managing resources like the CPU, memory, storage, and I/O devices. Operating systems exist to make computing usable by allocating resources fairly between programs and users. Common types include batch, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems.
COMPUTER SECURITY AND OPERATING SYSTEM
1. The document discusses computer security and operating systems. It defines operating systems and their functions in managing computer resources and processes.
2. It then covers various operating systems like Linux, Windows, iOS and Android. It discusses computer security in terms of operating systems, defining it as preventing unauthorized access.
3. The document outlines several common security threats like viruses, trojan horses, trap doors, logic bombs and buffer overflows. It describes different types of each threat and how they exploit systems. It also discusses security techniques used in operating systems like authentication, access control and intrusion detection.
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The document discusses operating systems, providing an introduction, history, definition, types, features, functions, advantages, and disadvantages. It explains that an operating system manages computer resources and enables interaction between hardware, software, and users. Early systems were batch processing oriented but now support multi-tasking, parallel processing, and time-sharing between users. Operating systems provide services like memory management, processor scheduling, and I/O control while hiding low-level details from users and applications.
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The document discusses the goals and methods of computer protection. It aims to control access to resources and prevent their unauthorized use. Hardware protection differentiates between user and monitor modes. The CPU protects modes through a mode bit, and switches to monitor for interrupts. Memory protection prevents processes from accessing memory not allocated to them. I/O protection makes I/O instructions privileged to monitor mode only. The goals are to share resources safely according to policies and minimize damage from misbehaving programs.
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This document provides a summary of the history of operating systems from the earliest mechanical computers in the 1800s to modern desktop and server operating systems. It discusses the first programmable computers like the Analytical Engine and Z3 and the development of stored program architectures. It then covers the evolution of batch processing systems and time-sharing to allow for interactive use. Key developments discussed include the IBM 1401, CTSS, Multics, Unix, and early versions of Windows. The document also provides an overview of basic hardware concepts like SMP, multi-core processors, and parallelism that operating systems must account for.
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The document discusses key concepts related to process management in operating systems, including processes, process states, process scheduling, and interprocess communication. It defines a process as a program in execution that includes a program counter, stack, and data section. Processes can be in one of several states like new, running, waiting, ready, and terminated. Process scheduling is managed using data structures like process control blocks and queues to track process states and allocate CPU resources. Common scheduling algorithms like FCFS, SJF, priority, and round robin are also covered.
Code4vn linux day1 operating system concept
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AN INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS : CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE - PHI Learning
The book, now in its Fifth Edition, aims to provide a practical view of GNU/Linux and Windows 7, 8 and 10, covering different design considerations and patterns of use. The section on concepts covers fundamental principles, such as file systems, process management, memory management, input-output, resource sharing, interprocess communication (IPC), distributed computing, OS security, real-time and microkernel design. This thoroughly revised edition comes with a description of an instructional OS to support teaching of OS and also covers Android, currently the most popular OS for handheld systems. Basically, this text enables students to learn by practicing with the examples and doing exercises.
Presentation1
The document discusses the differences between user mode and kernel mode in operating systems. It explains that processors run in two modes: user mode which has restricted access, and kernel mode which has full access to hardware. When a process requires hardware resources, it makes a system call that switches the processor to kernel mode. After the kernel completes the task, it switches back to user mode. The key difference is that user mode processes are isolated from the system for security, while kernel mode has direct control over hardware. Real-time operating systems are also discussed, which must guarantee response times, unlike non-real-time systems which are non-deterministic.
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This document provides an overview and agenda for a kernel security workshop. It introduces the speaker Mohit Saxena and his background. The agenda covers OS and kernel overview topics like processes, interrupts, memory management, and multitasking. It discusses kernel architecture approaches like monolithic, layered, and microkernel. It also covers security concepts like DAC, LSM, and SELinux. Specific topics on Linux and BSD kernel security are included. The agenda concludes with a live SDWAN demo and a workshop on building a firewall using FreeBSD.
Basic Software.pptx
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.
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The document discusses operating system (OS) security. It begins by defining an OS and explaining that OS security refers to protecting information and data used on a computer system. It then lists some key OS security issues like physical security, authentication, software vulnerabilities, and malware. Several main security threats to OS are described such as unauthorized access, unauthorized resource use, data theft, and denial of service attacks. The document provides precautions to improve OS security like setting BIOS passwords, using strong user account passwords, encrypting data, installing antivirus software, and using a personal firewall. It states that Linux and other UNIX-based systems are generally more secure than Windows due to fewer viruses and malware. The conclusion emphasizes that security depends on the
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Operating system security (OS security) involves ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the OS through measures like regular updates, antivirus software, firewalls, and secure user accounts. The document then discusses security kernels, which provide a small, verified foundation to enforce security policies. It describes the Honeywell Secure Communications Processor (Scomp) system, which implemented a multilevel security model using a security kernel, new hardware mechanisms, and a custom application interface instead of emulating another OS. Scomp's architecture isolated kernel components in separate hardware rings and used hardware to mediate all access to resources according to a mandatory access control policy.
Osd diksha presentation
This document summarizes a paper that proposes a hardware-centric approach called Limited Local Memory (LLM) architecture to isolate security monitors from target systems that may be compromised. The LLM architecture enhances multicore chips so each chip has a private memory area. It also proposes a secure paging mechanism. Together, the LLM and paging allow one processor core to execute as a monitor from local memory without interacting directly with the target system, establishing a tamper-proof environment for security tools. The monitor can then oversee the target's execution and inspect its code and data without being infected by the target.
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The document discusses processor management in operating systems. It explains that operating systems must ensure each process receives enough processor time while using processor cycles efficiently. A process is a unit of software that can be controlled by the user, other applications, or the operating system. In single-tasking systems, the operating system allows one application to run at a time, suspending it for interrupts. In multi-tasking systems, the operating system rapidly switches between processes to give the appearance they are running simultaneously. It does this by allocating CPU time to each process and saving/loading their register, stack, and queue states.
Operating system security (a brief)
This document provides an overview of operating system security across different platforms. It discusses OS security basics like separation and access control. It then covers specific areas like user accounts, file systems, networking, authentication methods, access control, logging and auditing, and memory protection. For each area, details are given for both UNIX and Windows environments. The goal is to explain how security is implemented and achieved at the OS level.
Os security issues
The document discusses several important operating system security issues. The operating system must provide protection mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to processes and resources. It also needs flexibility to configure how resources are shared between processes and change these configurations as needed. Key security issues for an operating system include implementing protection mechanisms, controlling resource sharing, enforcing security policies, and utilizing authentication and authorization.
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this presentation will provide some information about the security provided by windows operating system and how it is provided..
Computer Operating System
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It performs basic tasks like controlling peripheral devices and ensures security by preventing unauthorized access. Operating systems can be classified as multi-user, allowing multiple users to run programs simultaneously; multiprocessor, supporting programs running on more than one CPU; multitasking, allowing concurrent execution of multiple programs; and multithreading, where different parts of a single program run concurrently. Real-time operating systems also instantly respond to inputs.
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An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for programs. It has four main parts: the kernel, device drivers, user interface, and system utilities. The operating system manages resources like the CPU, memory, I/O devices, and security and networking. Common operating systems include batch, time-sharing, distributed, network, and real-time systems. It performs processes management, memory management, input/output management, security management, and networking management.
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This document provides an introduction to operating systems, including definitions, functions, types, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware and acts as an interface between the user and computer. Operating systems perform functions like program creation, execution, input/output, error detection, and resource allocation. They can be classified as single-user or multi-user systems. Examples of operating systems discussed include Windows, Linux, Unix, and Mac OS. Key details about Linux and its latest versions are also provided.
Overview of various types of operating system
The operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and comes in various types including single-tasking, multi-tasking, distributed, templated, embedded, and real-time. It performs functions like process management, memory management, I/O device management, file systems, protection and security, networking, and device drivers. Examples of operating systems include open source ones like UNIX and Linux, proprietary ones like Macintosh, and hybrid ones like Microsoft.
Operating systems1[1]
An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It provides an environment for users to run programs efficiently and conveniently by managing resources like the CPU, memory, storage, and I/O devices. Operating systems exist to make computing usable by allocating resources fairly between programs and users. Common types include batch, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems.
COMPUTER SECURITY AND OPERATING SYSTEM
1. The document discusses computer security and operating systems. It defines operating systems and their functions in managing computer resources and processes.
2. It then covers various operating systems like Linux, Windows, iOS and Android. It discusses computer security in terms of operating systems, defining it as preventing unauthorized access.
3. The document outlines several common security threats like viruses, trojan horses, trap doors, logic bombs and buffer overflows. It describes different types of each threat and how they exploit systems. It also discusses security techniques used in operating systems like authentication, access control and intrusion detection.
Operating system ppt
The document discusses operating systems, providing an introduction, history, definition, types, features, functions, advantages, and disadvantages. It explains that an operating system manages computer resources and enables interaction between hardware, software, and users. Early systems were batch processing oriented but now support multi-tasking, parallel processing, and time-sharing between users. Operating systems provide services like memory management, processor scheduling, and I/O control while hiding low-level details from users and applications.
Goals of protection
The document discusses the goals and methods of computer protection. It aims to control access to resources and prevent their unauthorized use. Hardware protection differentiates between user and monitor modes. The CPU protects modes through a mode bit, and switches to monitor for interrupts. Memory protection prevents processes from accessing memory not allocated to them. I/O protection makes I/O instructions privileged to monitor mode only. The goals are to share resources safely according to policies and minimize damage from misbehaving programs.
Operating Systems 1 (12/12) - Summary
This document provides a summary of the history of operating systems from the earliest mechanical computers in the 1800s to modern desktop and server operating systems. It discusses the first programmable computers like the Analytical Engine and Z3 and the development of stored program architectures. It then covers the evolution of batch processing systems and time-sharing to allow for interactive use. Key developments discussed include the IBM 1401, CTSS, Multics, Unix, and early versions of Windows. The document also provides an overview of basic hardware concepts like SMP, multi-core processors, and parallelism that operating systems must account for.
Unit 2 process Management
The document discusses key concepts related to process management in operating systems, including processes, process states, process scheduling, and interprocess communication. It defines a process as a program in execution that includes a program counter, stack, and data section. Processes can be in one of several states like new, running, waiting, ready, and terminated. Process scheduling is managed using data structures like process control blocks and queues to track process states and allocate CPU resources. Common scheduling algorithms like FCFS, SJF, priority, and round robin are also covered.
Code4vn linux day1 operating system concept
The document discusses the key concepts and components of an operating system. It explains that an operating system acts as an interface between the user and underlying hardware by managing computer resources and providing common services to applications. It describes important OS concepts such as processes, files, directories, system calls, and the shell interface. The operating system presents the computer as an easy to use virtual machine and handles complex tasks like memory allocation, scheduling, and input/output management.
AN INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS : CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE - PHI Learning
The book, now in its Fifth Edition, aims to provide a practical view of GNU/Linux and Windows 7, 8 and 10, covering different design considerations and patterns of use. The section on concepts covers fundamental principles, such as file systems, process management, memory management, input-output, resource sharing, interprocess communication (IPC), distributed computing, OS security, real-time and microkernel design. This thoroughly revised edition comes with a description of an instructional OS to support teaching of OS and also covers Android, currently the most popular OS for handheld systems. Basically, this text enables students to learn by practicing with the examples and doing exercises.
Presentation1
The document discusses the differences between user mode and kernel mode in operating systems. It explains that processors run in two modes: user mode which has restricted access, and kernel mode which has full access to hardware. When a process requires hardware resources, it makes a system call that switches the processor to kernel mode. After the kernel completes the task, it switches back to user mode. The key difference is that user mode processes are isolated from the system for security, while kernel mode has direct control over hardware. Real-time operating systems are also discussed, which must guarantee response times, unlike non-real-time systems which are non-deterministic.
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AN INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS : CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE - PHI Learning
AN INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS : CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE - PHI Learning
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This Unit contains the discussion related to Embedded system Software, Concept of Real-Time Systems, and Compilers for Embedded System.
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This document provides an overview of operating systems including definitions, functions, types, popular operating systems, and top five operating systems. It defines an operating system as an interface between the user and computer hardware that controls execution of programs. It describes functions such as memory management, processor management, and file management. It discusses types including batch, multiprogramming, time-sharing, distributed, real-time, and network operating systems. The top five computer operating systems are identified as Windows, Mac OS, Chrome OS, Android, and the top five smartphone operating systems as Android, iOS, Windows Mobile, Blackberry OS, and Firefox OS.
Unit 1os processes and threads
This document discusses operating systems and provides details on various topics including processes, threads, computer system structures, and types of operating systems. It defines what an operating system is and its role in managing computer hardware and resources. It also describes different types of operating systems including mainframe systems, desktop systems, real-time systems, and handheld systems. The document discusses concepts like processes, threads, multiprocessing, distributed systems, and client-server models.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Operating System Concepts
The document provides an overview of operating systems including:
- The definition of an operating system as a program that controls hardware and acts as an interface between users and computers.
- The key functions of operating systems including providing convenience, efficiency, and ability to evolve.
- Concepts such as processes, process states, process control blocks, and system calls. It describes what they are and their purpose.
- A brief history of operating systems from first to fourth generation systems.
- The main types of operating systems including batch, time-sharing, distributed, network, and real-time operating systems.
- Common services offered by most operating systems such as user interface, program execution, file
Operating System
A storage device hierarchy consists of different storage devices with varying costs, storage capacities, and access speeds. The storage devices are organized into a hierarchy to increase overall system effectiveness. An operating system provides several key services including program execution, input/output operations, file system manipulation, communication between processes, error detection, resource allocation, and user authentication/protection. Embedded operating systems are specialized for use in devices like ATMs or navigation systems and typically run a single application. A monolithic kernel places the entire operating system in kernel space with no separation between modules. A real-time operating system ensures tasks are completed within strict time constraints for applications like industrial control systems. Batch processing runs jobs without user interaction by collecting similar jobs into batches for more
Embedded system
This document discusses embedded systems, including their definition, characteristics, and applications. It notes that embedded systems are designed to perform specific tasks, like in MP3 players or aircraft navigation systems. They have limited hardware and software compared to general purpose computers. Embedded systems are used in various applications at home, in vehicles, and industry. They are characterized by being designed for specific tasks, storing software in ROM, and providing low power consumption. The document also compares embedded systems to personal computers and discusses microprocessors, microcontrollers, assembly language, C language, and operating systems in the context of embedded systems.
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4 Module - Operating Systems Configuration and Use by Mark John Lado
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Operating System Concepts
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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Operating system and security
- 1. Operating System Real Time Operating System The real time operating system is an operating system that intended to serve real time applications that process the data as it come in , typically without buffer delays. A Real Time Operating System is a multitasking operating system designed for real time applications. Examples of RTOS Embedded System , Industrial Robots,Scientific Research Equipment etc. Vision of RTOS An RTOS simplify the creation of real time application This requires a good devolopement of software An RTOS can respond more quickly and predictably to an event than other operating system
- 2. There are two basic design for RTOS • 1.Event driven:-Switch task only when an event of higher priority needs services called pre-emptive priority. • 2. Time Sharing Design:-Switch task on a clock interrupt , and events called Round Robin Real Life Example of RTOS:- Windows CE QNX RT Linux Vx Works Tron
- 3. ACTIVE LINE Time Sharing System:- Time Sharing is a technique which enables many peoples ,located at various terminals , to use a particular computer at same time. Processors Time , Which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is term as Time Sharing. CPU USER2 USER4 USER3 USER1
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- 5. Protection of password : Issues Include:- 1.It is very easy to guess passwords since people use simple and easily remembered words. 2.Need exists to change password continually. 3.Limiting number of tries before locking up. 4.Use the complex password atleast 15 character. Here we represent the Secure Devolopement Life Cycle Security requirment Security Design Implementation Testing of Security Operation and Mentainence
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