Dr. Peter Kraker gave a presentation on open science at the Medical University of Innsbruck on December 4, 2017. He defined open science as making all research outcomes and processes publicly available online. Key aspects of open science include open access, open data, open source, open methodology, open metrics and peer review, open educational resources, open discovery, and citizen science. Preregistration of studies helps address biases and allows early detection of errors. Open access articles tend to receive more citations. Preprints allow sharing work before publication. Open science aims to improve visibility and discovery of scientific knowledge.