Access to Research, Sci-Hub, and the Honor Code: Ethical DilemmasSarah Crissinger
Sci-Hub’s mission is to remove barriers to research and knowledge production, particularly for unaffiliated researchers or researchers in developing countries. Yet, recent research suggests that Sci-Hub is also heavily used by researchers on college campuses, which makes this an important issue for the Davidson community to grapple with.
The panel will address several questions, such as: What is ethical for Davidson students to do in connection with Sci-Hub? Stealing is forbidden by the Honor Code, but does downloading papers from Sci-Hub represent illegal or unethical theft? Does the law dictate what’s ethical here, if access to scientific papers is normally restricted exclusively to those who can afford to purchase them, individually or through their school? How are our value judgments influenced by our own privilege and access to information?
An short introduction to the PRIME (Publisher, Repository and Institutional Metadata Exchange) project, by Brian Hole, at the JISC Managing Research Data programme launch workshop in Nottingham, UK, October 25th 2012.
Access to Research, Sci-Hub, and the Honor Code: Ethical DilemmasSarah Crissinger
Sci-Hub’s mission is to remove barriers to research and knowledge production, particularly for unaffiliated researchers or researchers in developing countries. Yet, recent research suggests that Sci-Hub is also heavily used by researchers on college campuses, which makes this an important issue for the Davidson community to grapple with.
The panel will address several questions, such as: What is ethical for Davidson students to do in connection with Sci-Hub? Stealing is forbidden by the Honor Code, but does downloading papers from Sci-Hub represent illegal or unethical theft? Does the law dictate what’s ethical here, if access to scientific papers is normally restricted exclusively to those who can afford to purchase them, individually or through their school? How are our value judgments influenced by our own privilege and access to information?
An short introduction to the PRIME (Publisher, Repository and Institutional Metadata Exchange) project, by Brian Hole, at the JISC Managing Research Data programme launch workshop in Nottingham, UK, October 25th 2012.
Open Access: Advantages, Funding, Opportunities Brian Hole
"Open Access: Advantages, Funding, Opportunities" - talk given to the Oxford Publishing Society, Oxford Brookes University, by Brian Hole, October 24th 2012.
Presentation by Brian Hole on the role of data journals in incentivising data publication and open scholarship given as a 'provocation' in the final panel session at the Now and Future of Data Publishing Symposium, 22 May 2013, Oxford, UK
Introducing PRIME:Publisher, Repository and Institutional Metadata ExchangeBrian Hole
"Introducing PRIME:Publisher, Repository and Institutional Metadata Exchange" – Brian Hole, Ubiquity Press.
OpenAIRE Interoperability Workshop - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, 8 February 2013
Gives an overview of Open Access Initiatives in India. It covers some Journals, Repositories and other Open Access Initiatives from India. This presentation was made at IGNCA on 1st Feb 2009 in the Seminar on "Digital Preservation and Access to Indian Cultural Heritage with special reference to IGNCA Cultural Knowledge Resources", 31st January - 1st February 2009.
Presentation about Open Acces, Open Science & Research 2.0 carried out in Prague for the participants in the second workshop of the SEWP Social Lab of the New HoRRIzon project.
This presentation has been presented at the Library Connect Congress, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China, 2013, 17-19 june.
The subject is how the university libraries can help to spread the digital identity of the university researchers
Open Access: Advantages, Funding, Opportunities Brian Hole
"Open Access: Advantages, Funding, Opportunities" - talk given to the Oxford Publishing Society, Oxford Brookes University, by Brian Hole, October 24th 2012.
Presentation by Brian Hole on the role of data journals in incentivising data publication and open scholarship given as a 'provocation' in the final panel session at the Now and Future of Data Publishing Symposium, 22 May 2013, Oxford, UK
Introducing PRIME:Publisher, Repository and Institutional Metadata ExchangeBrian Hole
"Introducing PRIME:Publisher, Repository and Institutional Metadata Exchange" – Brian Hole, Ubiquity Press.
OpenAIRE Interoperability Workshop - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, 8 February 2013
Gives an overview of Open Access Initiatives in India. It covers some Journals, Repositories and other Open Access Initiatives from India. This presentation was made at IGNCA on 1st Feb 2009 in the Seminar on "Digital Preservation and Access to Indian Cultural Heritage with special reference to IGNCA Cultural Knowledge Resources", 31st January - 1st February 2009.
Presentation about Open Acces, Open Science & Research 2.0 carried out in Prague for the participants in the second workshop of the SEWP Social Lab of the New HoRRIzon project.
This presentation has been presented at the Library Connect Congress, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China, 2013, 17-19 june.
The subject is how the university libraries can help to spread the digital identity of the university researchers
Institutionalisation of an open access – a new possibility for research. A s...Birute Railiene
Birute Railiene. Institutionalisation of an open access – a new possibility for research : a survey of perception and demand
Paper for the 5th International Conference of the European Society of History of Science, Athens, 1-3 November 2012
Origins of knowledge commons - open science in historical perspectiveprofessormadison
Presentation on knowledge commons, privacy, open science, and the Republic of Letters as part of the "Privacy as Knowledge Commons Governance" Conference, October 2018
Philosophical Transactions to the Finch report: the events that have defined ...Nick Sheppard
Throughout history the creation and dissemination of knowledge has been influenced by innumerable ‘events’, cultural, technological and political in nature; from the invention of Cuneiform to the rise and fall of Classical civilizations and cultural incubation by the Catholic Church through the European Dark Ages to the Enlightenment. The invention of the printing press is obviously pivotal and in 1665 Henry Oldenburg inaugurated the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Phil Trans), utilising print technology to establish the principles of scientific priority and peer review that have defined scientific discourse ever since.
In the 20th Century scholarly publishing became exploited by commercial academic publishers and, as journal prices began to outstrip inflation, ultimately resulted in the “serials crisis” of the 1970s. These unsustainable price rises coincided with emergence of the internet and in 1990 Stevan Harnad introduced Psycoloquy, the first peer-reviewed online scientific journal which paved the way for free academic publishing on the web after 1993. In spite of this, and with the World Wide Web over 2 decades old, the traditional subscription model persists, dominated by multinational corporations that generate huge profits and restrict access to scholarly material.
The Open Access movement is a worldwide effort to make scholarly work available online to everyone regardless of their ability to pay for access and in 2011 David Willetts set up a Working Group on Expanding Access to Published Research Findings, chaired by Dame Janet Finch and publishing the so called “Finch report” in 2012. The HEFCE policy on OA that comes into effect in 2016 perhaps represents the most recent cultural and political event in this space.
This paper will explore the events that continue to influence academic dissemination and examine how Universities and academics themselves, particularly early career researchers, can utilise modern technology to be part of their own open knowledge event.
Open access for researchers, policy makers and research managers, librariesIryna Kuchma
Open access for researchers: enlarged audience and citation impact, tenure and promotion. Open access for policy makers and research managers: new tools to manage a university’s image and impact. Open access for libraries. Maintaining digital repository as a key function for research libraries.
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Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
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Open Science: Building Transparent, Collaborative, and Accessible Pathways to Knowledge
1. Open Science
Building Transparent, Collaborative, and
Accessible Pathways to Knowledge
Mark Clemente, Scholarly Communications Librarian
Evan Meszaros, Research Services Librarian
Kelvin Smith Library
2. Overview
1) Open science—its origins, values, and ethical
framework
2) Current universe of open science—how it
works, what its methods, practices, and
platforms are
3) Tangible action—what we are doing / what you
can do to advance openness in science
3. Historical Context: Scientific / Scholarly
Communication Since the 1600s
● Academies & scholarly societies
publish journals; 1665—Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society
● Journals become the dominant
method of disseminating scholarship
for centuries
● Peer review used to ensure quality
and rigor
Richard Valencia, Frontispeice to vol. 1 of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philosophical_Transactions_Volume_1_frontispiece.jpg
Henry Oldenburg [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)]
4. Historical Context: Massive Changes in Late 20th
Century
● Commercialization of
scholarly publishing and
consolidation of publishing
entities
● “Serials Crisis” in the 1990s &
onward
● Global wealth disparities
reflected in journal
publishing and accessImage from Van Noorden, R. "Nature owner merges with publishing giant Macmillan science and education looks set to
gain from Springer’s scale." Nature (January 15, 2015). Available at doi:10.1038/nature.2015.16731.
5. Historical Context: Massive Changes in Late 20th
Century
● Networked information creates
new possibilities for scientific
research, collaboration,
dissemination
● The Web highlights the limitations
of the scientific journal as the
primary means of
scientific/scholarly communication
● Increase in size and complexity of
data and methods of analysis
Felix Burton. “Change” [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en)]
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_sign,_%22CHANGE%22.jpg
6. “Early” Responses to These Changes
● arΧiv (est. 1991): Physics, math, and
computer science researchers sharing
pre-prints on the web
● SSRN (est. 1994): same practice with
social scientists
● Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2002
● Bethesda Statement on Open Access
Publishing, 2003
● Berlin Declaration of Open Access to
Knowledge in the Sciences and
Humanities, 2003
Flickr user Avette, “Free University at Madison Square Park,” Occupy CUNY News, May 1 2012,
https://www.flickr.com/photos/occupycunynews/6992598966/. [CC BY-NC 2.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/]
7. Recent Responses to These Changes
● Amsterdam Call for Action
on Open Science, 2016
● Publisher boycotts, e.g.
“The Cost of
Knowledge”—
17,000
researchers
boycotting
Elsevier
● Increase in institutional & funder
policies for openness
● Plan S (EU initiative), 2018
8. Open Science as a
Comprehensive Solution?
Open Science Federation. CC-BY 2.0.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/openscience/10813661054
9. Open Science Schools of Thought (Fecher &
Friesike, 2014)
Fecher, Benedikt and Sascha Friesike. ”Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought”. May 30 (2013). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2272036 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2272036
11. Imposing Some Order on this Mess...
“Open Science Taxonomy” from: Pontika, Nancy; Knoth, Petr; Cancellieri, Matteo and Pearce, Samuel. (2015). Fostering Open Science to Research using a Taxonomy and an eLearning Portal. In: iKnow: 15th International Conference on Knowledge Technologies and Data Driven Business, 21-22 Oct 2015,
Graz, Austria. Accessible at: https://doi.org/10.1145/2809563.2809571
12. Imposing Some Order on this Mess...
Parsons, John. "Welcome to Science 2.0 | Open Access in Action." Library Journal. March 15 (2016).
Available at: https://www.libraryjournal.com/?detailStory=welcome-to-science-2-0-open-access-in-action
Image credit: Robin Champieux, as seen in:
Mehler, David and Kevin Weiner. “Open science: Sharing is caring, but is privacy theft?” PLOS Neuro Community. January 31
(2018). Available at:
https://blogs.plos.org/neuro/2018/01/31/open-science-sharing-is-caring-but-is-privacy-theft-by-david-mehler-and-kevin-weiner/
13. Imposing Some Order on this Mess...
Andreas E. Neuhold. “Die sechs Prinzipien von Open Science” CC-BY 3.0 [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/]
Accessible at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science
14. Imposing Some Order on this Mess...
Andreas E. Neuhold. “Die sechs Prinzipien von Open Science” CC-BY 3.0 [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/]
Accessible at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science
15. Open Access
●Why?
●What?
●How?
○ Green OA
○ Gold OA
○ Bronze/hybrid OA
○ APC funds
○ Statements/agreements/policies
■ Institutional, funder, governmental policies
18. Open Data
Data repositories:
● Re3data.org
● Data repositories in the Open
Access Directory
● Nature recommended data
repositories
● “Generalist” data repositories
● Subject/discipline-specific
repositories
19. Open Science Tools and Workflows
“Heatmap of tool combinations used together more (green) or less (red) often than expected by chance.”
Innovations in Scholarly Communication blog, 11/6/2016.
Accessible here: https://101innovations.wordpress.com/2016/11/06/tools-that-love-to-be-together/
20. Open Science Tools and Workflows
CC-BY 4.0 [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/]
Available at: https://cos.io/our-products/osf/
“The Frontiers Open Science Platform — innovations and services”
Available at: https://blog.frontiersin.org/2017/12/05/frontiers-open-science-platform-enables-scientific-excellence-at-scale/
21. Barriers To / Arguments Against
Open Science
● Privacy and ethical issues
● Copyright and licensing restrictions—who
owns the rights to scholarship?
● Competing solutions, inertia, challenge of
creating shared infrastructure
● Potential misuse, public misunderstanding,
low-quality science as a result
Barrier. CC-0
Available at:
https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=220
010&picture=barrier
22. Substantive Action to Advance Open Science
What are we (i.e. at KSL / CWRU) doing?
● Offer a platform for sharing open scholarship
(Digital Case)
● Copyright & author rights advocacy, education
on open licenses—talk to Mark!
● Journal license negotiation program to obtain
widest possible scope of rights for CWRU
community
● ORCID and researcher ID training
● Consultations on other tools in the open science
workflow that may be useful to researchers
23. Substantive Action to Advance Open Science
What can you do?
● Explore and use open science tools
● Share your research data, protocols, code, etc.
● Share your published research openly, retain your copyright
when publishing, and use open licenses
● Try to win The Open Science Prize!
● Come chat with a librarian
for more ideas!