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Genome-wide SNP identification, linkage map
construction and QTL mapping of mineral
nutrients in pea
Rebecca McGee
Yu Ma
William Holdsworth, Michael Grusak, Peng Cheng,
Michael Mazourek, Clarice Coyne, Dorrie Main
18 April 2016
2016 International Conferences on Pulses, Marrakesh, Morocco
Recommended Daily
Allowances (RDAs)
Micronutrients
Macronutrients
Mineral Nutrition
Importance of Enhancing Nutritional Quality
Fe deficiency
57% 30%
Zn deficiency
68% of U.S.A
Mg deficiency Ca deficiency
75% of U.S.A
(World Health Organization)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Na
B
Ca
S
K
Mg
Zn
P
Fe
Mn
Cu
Ni
Mo
Why Peas?
A single serving of
split peas (1/4 cup)
could potentially
provide % of the
recommended daily
allowances
(of RDA)
2%
.0%
19%
17%
11%
6%
10%
74%
57%
38%
31%
29%
26%
> 20% excellent source
10-20% good source
< 10%
The RIL Population
Aragorn
158 F6 RILs
F1
• High yielding
• Disease resistant
• Widely adapted
Kiflicax
• Less desirable
agronomic
characteristics
B Fe Mn Mo Zn Ca K P Mg S
ug/g DW mg/g DW
Aragorn 8.7 45.8 14.1 0.7 41.2 1.3 8.6 3.6 1.3 1.6
Kiflica 10.5 60.2 15.5 1.3 47.2 1.4 10.9 4.1 1.5 2.2
Genotyping and Phenotyping
158 F6 RILs
Genotyping Phenotyping
GBS 114 SSRs 254 SNPs
Linkage
map
Comparative
map
Whitlow
(3 reps)
Spillman
(3 reps)
Mineral
nutrients
QTL analysis
DNA extraction
Statistical analysis
Genotyping and SNP Identification
384.7 M
reads
• Barcodes
• Cut sites
• No N’s in
the useful
part of
sequence
• Read count > 5
• Error tolerance
rate < 0.3
• MAF > 0.4
• Missing data
per SNP < 50%
349.6 M
reads
3095
SNPs
1609
SNPs
• Homozygo-
us in both
parents
• Missing
data per
SNP < 20%
• GBS analysis – UNEAK pipeline
TP26311 TP63960
TP165370.0
TP681260.3
TP6661612.1
TP7014313.5
TP5136115.5
TP50878 TP7145320.7
TP1035521.4
TP3446722.5
TP3123 TP4968722.8
TP4469022.9
TP2990423.1
TP1000123.2
TP5515623.6
TP4588024.1
TP3685725.9
TP33090 TP7601027.0
TP5378 TP63938
TP3567027.6
TP8693 TP45303
TP4534927.9
TP3820528.5
TP4283229.8
TP52603 TP6064730.8
TP5850631.1
TP18154 TP45387
TP1593 TP3155731.7
TP6474032.3
TP4998732.5
TP29815 TP36834
TP28311 TP30023
TP62845 TP1539
32.6
TP1257933.0
TP1378033.4
TP16170 TP4474333.8
TP41376 TP2775734.5
TP75065 TP4382835.2
TP62513 TP6558950.6
TBB2_SNP1_VII54.4
TP37998 TP127355.7
TP29478 TP39516
TP69106 TP45594
TP16107
56.6
TP1850057.2
TP60883 ASN2_SNP1_I57.7
TP62880 TP902058.4
TP5879059.1
TP27067 TP7117860.3
TP1612161.3
TP5437262.4
TP308362.8
TP830670.4
TP6595171.6
TP19575 TP3398173.0
TP5116073.9
TP606274.7
TP6344876.1
TP52747 TP47041
TP5229276.5
AB119_I80.0
TP1527583.7
GK15_SNP187.7
TP37237 TP60092
TP6313488.7
TP30433 TP41858
TP4033489.6
TP473290.4
TP2338090.8
TP36711 TP405491.0
PSU51918_I95.0
TP68486 TP6100798.5
TP6007399.2
TP62372 TP8904
TP29408 TP73675
TP37124
99.5
TP1293399.8
Lb5-10_SNP1_I100.5
TP73170101.2
TP9748103.0
TP26475 TP27266103.3
TP44510 TP61312
TP51175103.9
TP67683 TP73996
TP25489106.0
TP8689106.1
TP36741106.3
TP62251106.9
TP6480108.2
TP22191108.7
TP15428109.0
TP6055109.1
TP29895109.3
TP4475 TP41506109.6
rgp_SNP1_I112.2
rgp_SNP3_I112.7
TP11396113.5
TP9911113.8
TP76078115.4
TP20305116.3
TP15289 TP63253
TP12619117.4
TP65371117.8
TP64102118.5
TP48700 TP41104118.9
TP26372119.1
TP7518 TP35451
TP47319119.3
TP45984120.8
TP38429121.5
TP12504122.1
TP46147123.0
TP40804123.6
TP8257124.8
TP1538 TP65669
TP61091125.2
TP26918125.8
TP53147 TP30380126.8
TP60857128.2
TP26106128.9
TP41218 TP44403129.2
TP23476131.6
TP32133132.6
TP66581 TP24235133.7
TP4609134.1
TP26786134.8
TP51280 TP11790135.2
TP32689135.4
TP32932135.5
TP22585135.9
TP40441136.6
TP26529 TP31254137.5
TP31872138.5
TP34469139.4
TP27946140.6
TP50388141.1
TP27997144.8
sym10_SNP3_I145.4
TP29151146.1
TP46732146.4
TP68843147.1
TP19280 TP61004
TP8578147.7
TP43106147.8
TP22202148.9
TP31935149.4
TP12483150.7
TP62637151.2
TP47347151.7
TP6732 TP9858152.5
TP34429 TP28965
TP51598153.9
TP12898 TP7884155.1
TP64217155.4
TP15045157.4
LGI
TP75397 TP48680
TP34487 TP624180.0
TP727500.9
TP60604 TP307211.8
TP47673 TP44318
TP653812.4
TP17374 TP55736
TP24061 TP355924.8
TP381506.3
TP431076.7
TP6640817.2
TP3070418.1
TP6677222.2
TP45237 TP7412024.5
TP3368424.8
TP400725.1
TP5228 TP35218
TP5823826.0
TP34381 TP24369
TP2175626.6
TP870529.3
TP34400 TP60109
TP1552032.3
peptrans_SNP2_II32.9
TP64357 TP31087
TP3561933.8
TP58244 TP39386
TP42785 TP3635
TP27661
34.4
TP41422 TP62951
TP6708935.3
TP28793 TP4105
TP1626035.9
TP879836.5
TP6253 TP2864
TP59391 TP36264
TP39384 TP56297
38.8
TP1528539.3
TP75495 TP69454
TP3560540.3
TP1346440.7
TP36805 TP62464
TP37171 TP49025
TP13386
41.1
TP11157 TP62772
TP6877042.0
TP50728 TP61367
TP3039742.7
TP60191 TP40189
TP7535744.2
AB72_II45.9
AB109_II46.3
TP441946.9
PI_phos_SNP2_II47.2
TP7274149.0
TP42718 TP3966049.5
gbsts1_SNP1_II49.8
TP7608550.2
TP5101350.9
TP1983551.3
TP6682551.6
TP51069 TP3509853.7
TP54933 TP871054.9
TP2961855.8
TP13468 TP41898
TP7287257.6
TP67158.3
TP26054 TP2283858.9
TP3551659.9
TP5857 TP7380663.1
F3586_SNP1_II63.8
TP38838 TP291564.2
TP66248 TP4932564.5
TP1541 TP25777
TP26677 TP1603264.8
TP71677 TP535970.2
TP70049 TP5784
TP4891470.8
AD83_II71.4
AB33_II72.2
TP3462172.6
TP2755072.7
TP42670 TP2341172.9
TP44075 TP5835074.3
TP8398 TP3149174.7
TP28832 TP59808
TP61178 TP1085875.3
TP2659476.9
TP18039 TP1331777.4
TP31240 TP33926
TP4060577.7
TP2306 TP26559
TP5124 TP6435878.8
AB100_II79.1
TP15895 TP73672
TP4063980.0
TP4203080.3
TP4473980.4
TP65642 TP4473
TP40579 TP27970
TP51610
80.6
TP31677 TP72822
TP70005 TP11572
TP58417
81.1
TP96182.7
TP48220 TP725083.5
TP8148 TP24004
TP73708 TP929983.8
TP5192884.8
TP2702086.2
TP66190 TP3139587.2
TP32748 TP1613287.9
TNE003A07_SNP1_II89.0
TP74036 TP15399
TP870090.0
TP62611 TP2806590.6
TP41872 TP2384292.1
TP7340192.4
TP33844 TP45138
TP3116692.7
TP4463993.8
TP20394 TP42869
TP45885 TP34732
TP10404 TP32368
96.0
TP688897.4
TP2573398.2
TP28745 TP50864113.3
TP31957 TP48664114.0
TP53488 TP39238132.6
TP53329133.2
TP38436 TP22871133.8
TP31899134.4
TP49077 TP23568134.7
TP50533 TP53784
TP63990135.2
TP29598 TP36001137.4
ppgm_SNP2_II139.6
TP62433 TP24056
TP37264140.1
AB40_II141.3
TP58622 TP29214
TP3169 TP59112
TP47214
142.8
AA205_II145.9
TP46174 TP34345146.6
TP43716 TP70032
TP31755 TP64860148.2
TP63550148.4
TP30152148.6
TP24446 TP41536149.1
TP3639149.5
TP1543 TP49556150.0
TP42578 TP36647
TP16043151.1
TP64857152.5
TP9446 TP4189
TP60169 TP26790
TP30007 TP43765
156.4
TP2962 TP58971162.0
TP17301166.5
TP49944 TP50853
TP59287 TP11013
TP61554
166.8
TP62821168.9
TP66667 TP47538169.9
TP54222 TP16270171.7
TP68752172.3
TP39242 TP11045
TP49098 TP26331172.6
TP37819173.4
TP4214173.8
TP28666 TP1300
TP8417 TP61340
TP71926 TP74772
TP59125 TP26999
174.6
LGII
agpl1_SNP2_III0.0
TP47550 TP26712
TP47197 TP8850.4
TP657520.7
TP19159 TP49626
TP41891 TP308202.2
TP69044 TP49738
TP16607 TP66534
TP72948 TP26746
TP67503
30.2
TP6289749.6
TP3860350.2
TP4791450.6
TP1636251.1
TP4090 TP43964
TP32603 TP3662451.2
TP24336 TP23332
TP34768 TP6643951.5
NIP_SNP1_III53.2
TP44665 TP58165
TP33880 TP1105055.7
TP973756.3
TP3531156.8
TP22923 TP1321157.9
TP82759.9
TP52256 TP28671
TP57496 TP40223
TP51095 TP26332
60.4
TP40964 TP48872
TP2902261.6
TP66333 TP63977
TP23469 TP5422762.5
TP58629 TP2603964.6
TP108565.0
TP34986 TP7405968.5
TP19810 TP2930070.8
TP50060 TP6845271.1
TP128272.9
TP47722 TP2468374.1
TP2168185.0
PsAAP1_SNP3_III85.4
TP6677685.7
TP618986.2
TP3416386.3
TP5046386.7
TP54763 TP31039
TP25703 TP7544287.7
TP43280 TP21864
TP5757489.0
TP3480589.4
TP29696 TP10571
TP1558891.1
TP80591.4
TP9024 TP1232
TP34078 TP26812
TP94 TP54620
TP67954
91.6
TP2636392.6
TP2336893.6
TP60345 TP45999
TP1199094.2
TP3792394.4
TP3038894.7
TP53000 TP30597
TP38794 TP18626
TP60811
95.2
TP576696.2
TP32333 TP5397296.6
TP37163 TP40852
TP5590697.3
TP1552198.4
TP3067598.9
TP61146 TP24818102.3
TP42647103.9
TP38836 TP2567105.0
agps1_SNP1_III TP51467106.4
TP10833 TP75255107.4
TP30941108.4
TP58425 TP29875
TP4501109.7
TP18188 TP16820110.4
TP32679112.5
TP61580114.0
TP22485115.0
TP13550 TP397
TP75231128.3
TP34201 TP52976143.9
TP5612144.0
TP49973144.2
TP73169 TP76029144.4
TP27024 TP30641146.1
TP5158146.5
TP73262147.6
TP28959 PSAS_III
TP63019148.0
gpt2_SNP2_IV149.4
TP74211151.9
AD73_III153.2
TP62802 TP5232154.9
TP4666159.7
TP40144 TP11843160.1
TP48073160.7
TP60277161.1
TP63753 TP4901
TP48185161.8
TP73581162.1
TP64225 TP37905
TP63793163.1
TP162163.5
TP5255 TP59141166.3
TP62331 TP29521
TP47875 TP18025168.7
TP68053169.0
TP63762 TP61415169.3
TP64199170.1
TP3518 TP38033171.7
TP37309 TP47763174.7
TP60558 TP7770
TP37169175.6
TP41520176.2
TP39746176.8
TP40721177.6
TP33439177.9
TP53274178.4
TP13690179.0
TP69835180.3
TP342 TP44703181.6
TP13394182.3
TP23868183.7
TP32982 TP36807186.3
TP47482 TP53043187.0
TP37419188.5
TP12474188.9
pepC_SNP2_III pepC_SNP8_III
pepC_SNP1_III pepC_SNP6_III189.6
TP42176190.2
TP64092 TP71793
TP54075 TP11769190.9
TP26676 TP69708200.9
TP53898201.6
TP32958 TP73654203.2
TP14576203.9
TP63916204.2
TP37841 TP15906204.8
TP14861 TP31082208.1
TP45167209.6
TP45411 TP11831210.0
TP49107211.9
TP16298212.2
TP24175213.7
TP6720 TP29465
TP26574 TP16306215.7
TP9913 TP23552217.1
TP8826 TP58987217.9
TP26799218.0
TP59853218.5
PsDof1_SNP2_III TP49126218.9
TP50075220.1
TP23007 TP4920
TP51072221.6
TP11982224.4
TP70591225.0
TP39770226.0
TP2110 TP21967
TP57089227.0
TP5874 TP14245
TP41839228.1
TP12970 TP67208228.8
TP74993229.5
TP44395231.9
TP32589 TP20116232.3
TP59215232.9
PSBLOX2_III233.6
TP48730234.8
TP33666235.1
TP10789237.0
Bfruct_SNP7_III237.4
TP62345 TP44704237.9
AB141_III241.9
LGIII
TP673900.0
TP164981.2
TP668461.6
TP1266 TP7672.3
TP170782.7
TP284413.2
TP476854.9
TP560035.5
TP501939.5
TP7325 TP347619.8
TP1884310.7
TP4797 TP4439011.0
TP584313.1
TP75683 TP1159715.3
TP59002 TP843
TP523 TP42755
TP69706
15.6
TP4023116.9
TP262117.4
TP6458618.9
TP11479 TP45333
TP37780 TP71109
TP72779 TP46841
19.4
TP5909120.0
TP20487 TP2810720.6
TP56024 TP4511836.7
TP20543 TP5544937.5
TP4067938.1
TP8338.4
TP60476 TP4722538.7
TP33267 TP36664
TP1772339.3
TP3653940.8
TP6546 TP5963841.1
TP34402 TP75384
TP5565641.7
TP49093 TP19043.0
TP5100544.2
TP4167145.2
TP26993 TP973145.8
AA285_IV46.4
TP1060246.8
TP70764 TP5644347.3
TP3902547.6
TP12365 TP6197747.8
TP17179 TP3980148.1
TP1304948.2
TP6254748.4
TP1505549.3
TP51617 TP6191750.2
TP34180 TP36006
TP2641250.9
Tpe4A_SNP1_IV51.7
TP2406052.4
TP63866 TP3521252.8
TP2318953.1
TP6287254.2
TP36191 TP4376954.6
TP3168654.9
TP5268255.3
TP2912856.6
TP721259.5
TP5878959.9
A9_IV66.7
TP10414 AB31_IV71.5
TP12763 TP6699973.1
TP1673874.8
Dof5_SNP2_IV Dof5_SNP1_IV77.9
TP5280678.5
TP50654 TP7381679.1
TP7076079.8
TP34141 TP7128483.5
TP4378185.3
TP33705 TP4412795.1
TP7459 TP5048896.4
TP22292 TP25253
TP2184 AA122_IV103.9
TP76020 TP68325104.8
TP27311105.6
TP14867105.9
TP39693 TP14980106.3
TP52002106.7
TP41510 TP16627107.2
TP50007 TP10347
TP22351 TP44432
TP22908 TP21860
107.8
TP43978107.9
TP29810 TP48026108.1
TP52639 TP51152108.7
TP70004 TP13785110.1
TP53164110.5
TP20420111.5
TP62598 TP42150111.9
TP15744112.2
TP52746 TP41996112.5
TP41011112.9
TP34401 TP62461113.8
TP52647114.1
TP29587115.1
TP42551116.7
TP43621 TP26535117.1
TP28969 TP29932118.4
TP70110122.3
TP55646 TP70911
TP20621 TP53308
TP38872
123.3
TP36120123.6
TP53092124.2
TP44604 TP26014124.8
TP53796 TP47306126.0
TP30632 TP35969126.6
TP74524 TP11725127.2
TP11980 TP42884
TP58551128.0
TP74769 TP9002129.2
TP6553 TP46175129.8
TP19702130.6
TP34513131.1
TP18167 TP24477
TP5398132.8
TP44995132.9
TP46234 TP30556133.1
TP13547 TP37343
TP27029133.4
TP73180137.4
TP60522 TP46412137.7
TP66177 TP62607138.0
TP45319140.1
TP27167141.6
TP2991 TP16106142.5
TP13284 TP45369
TP14723143.7
TP24875145.6
TP32722 TP26792146.5
TP37422146.9
TP817150.7
TP34752151.2
TP15288151.7
TP18232 TP26330152.7
TP36444153.1
TP31618 TP36577154.0
TP5918155.6
TP40175 TP69156157.6
TP46676159.3
TP46541 TP23443159.7
TP1401 TP58949
TP57100 TP51327160.0
TP10538161.3
TP48685 TP23562162.0
TP23602 TP66964162.9
TP45004163.5
TP30278 TP12610165.0
TP53338165.3
TP73628166.1
TP10542167.3
TP35012167.6
TP3977168.3
TP42606170.0
TP7522 TP2851
TP22506172.8
LGIV
TP605370.0
TP61845 TP22281.9
TP525543.7
TP31746 TP585197.0
TP270117.5
TP71059 TP53332
TP441678.0
TP663808.4
TP63196 TP32580
TP488478.6
TP450889.5
TP26984 TP31891
TP1853910.9
TP983011.6
TP27533 TP40683
TP746813.8
TP43664 TP37133
TP20449 TP2192514.2
TP13956 TP6869115.9
TP2595816.0
TP6979916.2
TP35130 TP46947
TP7938 TP4715116.9
TP1226117.2
TP7340817.6
TP1535719.1
TP336819.5
TP4737320.8
TP13364 TP43379
TP7519921.0
TP6062122.1
TP6854422.9
TP94623.7
TP3172224.6
GAL_SNP2_V GAL_SNP1_V26.7
TP50625 TP15489
TP6430728.2
AB23_V29.7
TP35906 TP3621230.9
TP2043331.1
TP928231.5
TP667031.6
TP12925 TP3675031.7
TP6247832.0
TP37826 TP7557032.6
TP46487 TP3375933.8
TP742 TP6757334.4
TP74398 TP34125
TP6346735.0
TP28362 TP11136
TP146835.9
TP6519337.0
TP6698537.5
TP60024 TP24281
TP70690 TP40344
TP63427 TP60871
37.9
TP18617 TP64060
TP7223 TP4004638.3
TP2066538.4
TP62512 TP35752
TP39132 TP3562138.6
TP61763 TP451040.0
TP5879340.2
TP47097 TP5875440.4
TP8375 TP4233040.9
TP47706 TP26357
TP6426141.4
TP832941.5
TP5518941.7
tip_SNP2_V43.7
TP52543 TP1057545.0
TP16858 TP1111245.6
TP14010 TP17382
TP4433046.9
TP36004 TP7000049.9
TP2974550.2
TP13993 TP6240450.8
TP7443 TP27214
TP2934554.8
TP4047755.4
TP22622 TP75113
TP521 TP2496657.5
TP40020 TP42231
TP43843 TP60585
TP28278 TP14186
58.7
TP5959659.6
TP7573 TP28560
TP2028859.9
TP5207 TP59684
TP2259360.2
TP72698 TP4901860.8
TP3635379.1
TP6673879.4
TP649580.2
TP6247080.3
TP576080.9
TP3527881.6
TP45715 TP6934782.6
TP3124983.5
TP5629384.0
TP44587 TP63217
TP2202685.1
TP73241 TP41096
TP588986.2
TP6160886.5
TP10671 TP4091087.5
catAAtrans_SNP2_V88.5
TP5399989.3
TP16666 TP6812589.7
TP1599 TP2281990.3
TP5277690.8
AB130_V94.5
MitPhos_SNP1_V98.3
TP59611105.9
CNE007I23_SNP2_V108.5
TP41157111.0
TP8763 TP42381120.9
TP4613 TP7226127.9
TP74927132.9
TP54960 TP3916
TP25986 TP28063139.0
TP20569 TP28593
TP31355 TP4874141.1
TP8901143.6
TP17605147.0
TP61440 TP5122
TP31801 TP52455148.5
TP27232149.1
TP11322149.6
TP11208150.2
TP34884 TP58734
TP72934150.5
TP69786151.4
TP45476151.8
TP74380 TP67157
TP26395154.5
TP16650154.7
TP54008 TP26900
TP44628155.3
TP50185 TP34476156.5
TP72147156.7
TP7436156.8
TP37170157.1
TP55237157.5
TP26443161.4
TP1330 TP27578163.0
TP20372 TP72445163.3
TP4061163.9
TP33811 TP14624164.7
TP49529165.1
TP25228165.8
TP10507 TP26619166.1
TP32211169.5
TP52835 TP44667
TP28274 TP58865170.1
TP54024173.8
TP74204174.3
TP493175.0
TP60877177.2
TP23370177.8
TP70978179.9
TP29055180.9
TP9238186.1
TP39246187.3
TP31866190.6
TP52506191.0
LGV
TP115270.0
TP352820.3
TP11690.6
TP308531.0
TP314033.9
Ga2ox_SNP1_VI5.0
TP411755.5
TP396596.6
TP215777.0
TP7205 TP433139.3
TP56116 TP7564
TP77439.6
TP58547 TP29941
TP49464 TP25751
TP28120
10.3
TP621010.6
TP3643312.7
F4012_SNP2_VI13.0
TP4688114.9
TP163715.4
TP3918816.7
TP3158 TP5394017.7
TP3676518.7
TP6464820.2
TP6213020.9
TP2885622.6
TP34388 TP6212623.0
TP2506625.0
TP3146326.9
TP68928 TP39472
TP64772 TP5070827.6
TP8313 TP75456
TP15766 TP19127
TP5482
28.0
TNE003F15_SNP3_VI28.7
TP6894 TP4893830.1
TP30770 TP428430.9
TP1148531.2
TP839631.6
TP7553934.3
TP62153 TP2838435.4
PIN1_SNP3_VI36.8
PIN1_SNP1_VI37.1
TP7435837.6
TP28329 TP36935
TP38514 TP50440
TP35285 TP29203
TP2146 TP28492
38.7
TP22167 TP1572641.6
TP4306744.2
TP734446.7
TP5932747.2
TP71640 TP26975
TP861949.0
TP2597 TP1104749.3
TP34689 TP1273850.3
TP5327650.7
TP3051.8
TP40320 TP388
TP17108 TP39921
TP54496
65.0
TP6667465.2
TP297465.3
TP754765.7
TP4208 TP2454467.4
TP4359969.7
TP880572.5
TP50941 TP5551173.5
TP48 TP2372075.0
TP7404275.5
TP3702476.0
TP5697176.4
TP71696 TP23047
TP7407 TP552177.7
TP3402278.0
TP16276 TP28397
TP67522 TP62337
TP48790 TP47200
TP1966 TP48879
TP31948 TP1945
83.5
TP4613484.1
TP3643489.0
TP8326 TP2918489.9
TP28269 TP5883990.5
TP1979491.1
TP2626492.4
TP1793292.7
TP333093.0
TP49240 TP39777
TP23769 TP46366
TP27422 sus3_SNP8_VI
TP45228
93.3
TP7012299.0
TP13944 TP10629
TP5575999.4
TP27580 TP7041
TP46272100.3
TP25320105.8
TP70620 TP57058111.4
TP13525 TP62618
TP31393111.7
TP54654113.6
TP44490115.0
TP71562 TP31221120.1
TP68878 TP42941120.5
TP26622120.7
TP23326121.0
TP37908 TP8916122.3
TP22378 TP17478
TP66801 TP14500
TP73564 TP50948
123.2
TP362 TP66446124.8
TP17228125.0
TP44405 TP65176125.2
TP61175 TP19704
TP37489125.5
TP44961126.1
TP65409126.3
TP44215 TP39341
TP1044126.9
TP14636127.7
TP23397 TP34433
TP68910 TP4261
TP5643 TP69664
128.5
TP36881128.8
TP67039 TP60936
TP1226129.1
TP61321130.9
TP35230 TP20720
TP38251131.5
TP37650131.9
TP49131 TP45877133.4
TP43332133.6
TP8509 TP58453
TP47805133.7
TP36792134.0
TP74047 TP24669
TP42717 TP6971
TP9689 TP6643
134.6
TP24787 TP50968135.8
TP4658 TP6916
TP18390 TP75780
TP34724
136.7
TP17468138.2
TP32640 TP54673138.5
TP63799 TP59197
TP32814138.7
TP35720 TP20436
TP5434139.0
TP29219140.4
TP52689141.1
TP31569 TP27527143.2
TP9054143.5
TP22776 TP55999144.1
TP41250145.3
TP56153146.4
TP51502146.8
TP8446149.9
PSbMV_VI174.7
LGVI
TP105500.0
TP720290.4
TP677181.6
TP31932.2
TP190413.9
TP31805 TP13055
TP114155.7
TP299507.6
TP35738.7
TP38017 TP189549.0
TP599469.3
TP8678 TP474419.6
TP61706 TP66475
TP27096 TP3344710.2
TP6063710.6
TP64045 TP2839211.1
TP5591211.6
TP38942 TP62111.9
TP26428 TP54170
TP692712.8
TP657422.5
TP5573222.8
TP3687323.3
TP5477 TP2333
TP51712 TP50206
TP41984
23.7
TP5752925.1
TP4044325.8
TP1666727.3
TP4445428.0
AA57_VII TP48042
TP8741 TP41248
TP72638
45.0
TP32771 TP3512246.5
TP6031546.9
TP6662947.3
TP3405849.3
TP22125 TP66635
TP66580 TP3712749.9
TP7233450.4
TP31577 TP5905250.8
TP2198651.6
TP7342852.0
TP7445952.5
TP585653.4
TP3289453.7
TP1172255.0
TP116656.1
TP26575 TP5129
TP10975 TP7257356.5
TP496156.9
TP30771 TP43038
TP9315 TP5279557.7
TP8961 TP5942
TP38638 TP2186858.0
TP68734 TP773058.3
TP3608559.2
TP3460559.7
TP4709661.0
TP2313262.9
TP52077 TP15191
TP4414363.2
TP4954274.5
TP7576574.8
TP24269 TP7570975.7
TP6921276.5
TP29871 TP6552376.9
TP40383 TP2590187.1
AB114_VII88.0
TP66383 TP70729
TP3664989.2
TP574790.3
TP6302491.2
TP7241499.2
TP27501 TP28270101.7
TP69472102.1
TP12113 TP33291103.3
TP38230103.5
TP4470103.6
TP13887 TP61616103.9
TP75618104.5
TP44864 TP58660105.1
TP40562 TP6985105.4
TP4994 TP26040106.0
TP69013 TP25210106.6
AA317_VII107.4
TP72055108.3
TP48348108.9
AA505_VII110.7
TP1323111.7
TP31924114.1
TP54913 TP60473
TP29683115.6
AA446_VII125.4
TP5373134.3
TP12668135.6
TP75591 TP6905
TP42913 TP49076136.2
TP9965 TP34140
TP58977136.7
NUM1_SNP2_VII137.4
TP2656137.8
gamma_SNP1139.5
TP25539140.0
TP66982140.1
TP69489140.4
TP72441142.6
TP29279143.4
TP8547143.7
TE002I21_SNP1 clpser_SNP1_VII144.7
aldo_SNP4_VII145.0
clpser_SNP3_VII aldo_SNP3_VII145.1
TP26034 TP4416
TP7971145.7
TP43494145.8
TP55448 TP23794145.9
TP4866148.0
TP71730148.3
AB122_VII149.8
TP13901150.1
TP726 TP14235150.4
TP54576151.1
TP5669152.7
TP31799153.3
TP12338 TP34735
TP16457153.7
TP66855154.1
AA206_VII154.6
AA387_VII155.1
TP35723155.9
TP72183 TP19763
TP63969 TP72422156.6
TP41359157.0
TP75334 TP42959157.3
TP21224 TP56441158.1
TP6188 TP39051158.4
TP33707 TP11082162.2
TP3131162.7
TP35001163.1
TP22065164.7
TP73423165.5
TP10932167.4
TP15902168.2
TP15320170.0
TP70761171.4
TP2290 TP33168
TP24418172.0
TP66535172.3
TP71531172.7
TP26522173.2
TP66362 pip2_SNP2_VII176.3
TP33653 TP7470178.3
TP43600 TP23518179.0
TP4272 TP3177
TP53962180.4
TP23902180.8
TP9220181.5
TP22659182.0
TP46097184.4
TP10365185.1
TP53890186.5
TP37173187.9
TP12966 TP74134188.4
TP64466191.8
TP23215 TP31553192.3
TP64398194.2
TP57523194.9
TP55369195.9
TP31665197.4
TP66992 TP6035202.1
TP46623 TP22498203.2
TP33028203.9
TP25796204.2
TP40176204.8
TP8125206.2
TP34272 TP46698206.6
TP67601208.0
TP50257208.3
TP41067208.4
TP33083 TP72885
TP9651208.7
TP44296212.6
TP32837212.9
TP67381213.0
TP44973 TP44730
TP52306 TP2133
TP1548
213.3
TP37880214.6
TP7337 TP60165215.7
LGVII
Linkage Map
LG I LG II LG III LG IV LG V LG VI LGVII
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
No.ofRILs
Zn (µg/g DW)
Spillman Whitlow
1.5 mg/kg 1.75 mg/kg
Concentration of Zinc
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
No.ofRILs
Ca (mg/g DW)
Spillman Whitlow
8.5meq/100g 9.0meq/100g
Concentration of Calcium
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
No.ofRILs
K (mg/g DW)
Spillman Whitlow
Concentration of Potassium
466 mg/kg 334 mg/kg
QTL and Co-localized QTL
• A total of 51 QTLs were identified for seed mineral nutrient
concentrations.
• The QTLs explained 2% to 43.3% of the phenotypic variance.
• One colocalized QTL region was detected in LG V.
LG V 29.6-52.4 cM
Comparative Mapping
M. truncatula
Chr 7
CAX7, HMA, CHX
www.coolseasonfoodlegume.org
Yu Ma
Wm Holdsworth Mike Grusak
Peng Cheng Michael Mazourek
Clarice Coyne Dorrie Main

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Genome-wide SNP identification, linkage map construction and QTL mapping of mineral nutrients in pea

  • 1. Genome-wide SNP identification, linkage map construction and QTL mapping of mineral nutrients in pea Rebecca McGee Yu Ma William Holdsworth, Michael Grusak, Peng Cheng, Michael Mazourek, Clarice Coyne, Dorrie Main 18 April 2016 2016 International Conferences on Pulses, Marrakesh, Morocco
  • 3. Importance of Enhancing Nutritional Quality Fe deficiency 57% 30% Zn deficiency 68% of U.S.A Mg deficiency Ca deficiency 75% of U.S.A (World Health Organization)
  • 4. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Na B Ca S K Mg Zn P Fe Mn Cu Ni Mo Why Peas? A single serving of split peas (1/4 cup) could potentially provide % of the recommended daily allowances (of RDA) 2% .0% 19% 17% 11% 6% 10% 74% 57% 38% 31% 29% 26% > 20% excellent source 10-20% good source < 10%
  • 5. The RIL Population Aragorn 158 F6 RILs F1 • High yielding • Disease resistant • Widely adapted Kiflicax • Less desirable agronomic characteristics B Fe Mn Mo Zn Ca K P Mg S ug/g DW mg/g DW Aragorn 8.7 45.8 14.1 0.7 41.2 1.3 8.6 3.6 1.3 1.6 Kiflica 10.5 60.2 15.5 1.3 47.2 1.4 10.9 4.1 1.5 2.2
  • 6. Genotyping and Phenotyping 158 F6 RILs Genotyping Phenotyping GBS 114 SSRs 254 SNPs Linkage map Comparative map Whitlow (3 reps) Spillman (3 reps) Mineral nutrients QTL analysis DNA extraction Statistical analysis
  • 7. Genotyping and SNP Identification 384.7 M reads • Barcodes • Cut sites • No N’s in the useful part of sequence • Read count > 5 • Error tolerance rate < 0.3 • MAF > 0.4 • Missing data per SNP < 50% 349.6 M reads 3095 SNPs 1609 SNPs • Homozygo- us in both parents • Missing data per SNP < 20% • GBS analysis – UNEAK pipeline
  • 8. TP26311 TP63960 TP165370.0 TP681260.3 TP6661612.1 TP7014313.5 TP5136115.5 TP50878 TP7145320.7 TP1035521.4 TP3446722.5 TP3123 TP4968722.8 TP4469022.9 TP2990423.1 TP1000123.2 TP5515623.6 TP4588024.1 TP3685725.9 TP33090 TP7601027.0 TP5378 TP63938 TP3567027.6 TP8693 TP45303 TP4534927.9 TP3820528.5 TP4283229.8 TP52603 TP6064730.8 TP5850631.1 TP18154 TP45387 TP1593 TP3155731.7 TP6474032.3 TP4998732.5 TP29815 TP36834 TP28311 TP30023 TP62845 TP1539 32.6 TP1257933.0 TP1378033.4 TP16170 TP4474333.8 TP41376 TP2775734.5 TP75065 TP4382835.2 TP62513 TP6558950.6 TBB2_SNP1_VII54.4 TP37998 TP127355.7 TP29478 TP39516 TP69106 TP45594 TP16107 56.6 TP1850057.2 TP60883 ASN2_SNP1_I57.7 TP62880 TP902058.4 TP5879059.1 TP27067 TP7117860.3 TP1612161.3 TP5437262.4 TP308362.8 TP830670.4 TP6595171.6 TP19575 TP3398173.0 TP5116073.9 TP606274.7 TP6344876.1 TP52747 TP47041 TP5229276.5 AB119_I80.0 TP1527583.7 GK15_SNP187.7 TP37237 TP60092 TP6313488.7 TP30433 TP41858 TP4033489.6 TP473290.4 TP2338090.8 TP36711 TP405491.0 PSU51918_I95.0 TP68486 TP6100798.5 TP6007399.2 TP62372 TP8904 TP29408 TP73675 TP37124 99.5 TP1293399.8 Lb5-10_SNP1_I100.5 TP73170101.2 TP9748103.0 TP26475 TP27266103.3 TP44510 TP61312 TP51175103.9 TP67683 TP73996 TP25489106.0 TP8689106.1 TP36741106.3 TP62251106.9 TP6480108.2 TP22191108.7 TP15428109.0 TP6055109.1 TP29895109.3 TP4475 TP41506109.6 rgp_SNP1_I112.2 rgp_SNP3_I112.7 TP11396113.5 TP9911113.8 TP76078115.4 TP20305116.3 TP15289 TP63253 TP12619117.4 TP65371117.8 TP64102118.5 TP48700 TP41104118.9 TP26372119.1 TP7518 TP35451 TP47319119.3 TP45984120.8 TP38429121.5 TP12504122.1 TP46147123.0 TP40804123.6 TP8257124.8 TP1538 TP65669 TP61091125.2 TP26918125.8 TP53147 TP30380126.8 TP60857128.2 TP26106128.9 TP41218 TP44403129.2 TP23476131.6 TP32133132.6 TP66581 TP24235133.7 TP4609134.1 TP26786134.8 TP51280 TP11790135.2 TP32689135.4 TP32932135.5 TP22585135.9 TP40441136.6 TP26529 TP31254137.5 TP31872138.5 TP34469139.4 TP27946140.6 TP50388141.1 TP27997144.8 sym10_SNP3_I145.4 TP29151146.1 TP46732146.4 TP68843147.1 TP19280 TP61004 TP8578147.7 TP43106147.8 TP22202148.9 TP31935149.4 TP12483150.7 TP62637151.2 TP47347151.7 TP6732 TP9858152.5 TP34429 TP28965 TP51598153.9 TP12898 TP7884155.1 TP64217155.4 TP15045157.4 LGI TP75397 TP48680 TP34487 TP624180.0 TP727500.9 TP60604 TP307211.8 TP47673 TP44318 TP653812.4 TP17374 TP55736 TP24061 TP355924.8 TP381506.3 TP431076.7 TP6640817.2 TP3070418.1 TP6677222.2 TP45237 TP7412024.5 TP3368424.8 TP400725.1 TP5228 TP35218 TP5823826.0 TP34381 TP24369 TP2175626.6 TP870529.3 TP34400 TP60109 TP1552032.3 peptrans_SNP2_II32.9 TP64357 TP31087 TP3561933.8 TP58244 TP39386 TP42785 TP3635 TP27661 34.4 TP41422 TP62951 TP6708935.3 TP28793 TP4105 TP1626035.9 TP879836.5 TP6253 TP2864 TP59391 TP36264 TP39384 TP56297 38.8 TP1528539.3 TP75495 TP69454 TP3560540.3 TP1346440.7 TP36805 TP62464 TP37171 TP49025 TP13386 41.1 TP11157 TP62772 TP6877042.0 TP50728 TP61367 TP3039742.7 TP60191 TP40189 TP7535744.2 AB72_II45.9 AB109_II46.3 TP441946.9 PI_phos_SNP2_II47.2 TP7274149.0 TP42718 TP3966049.5 gbsts1_SNP1_II49.8 TP7608550.2 TP5101350.9 TP1983551.3 TP6682551.6 TP51069 TP3509853.7 TP54933 TP871054.9 TP2961855.8 TP13468 TP41898 TP7287257.6 TP67158.3 TP26054 TP2283858.9 TP3551659.9 TP5857 TP7380663.1 F3586_SNP1_II63.8 TP38838 TP291564.2 TP66248 TP4932564.5 TP1541 TP25777 TP26677 TP1603264.8 TP71677 TP535970.2 TP70049 TP5784 TP4891470.8 AD83_II71.4 AB33_II72.2 TP3462172.6 TP2755072.7 TP42670 TP2341172.9 TP44075 TP5835074.3 TP8398 TP3149174.7 TP28832 TP59808 TP61178 TP1085875.3 TP2659476.9 TP18039 TP1331777.4 TP31240 TP33926 TP4060577.7 TP2306 TP26559 TP5124 TP6435878.8 AB100_II79.1 TP15895 TP73672 TP4063980.0 TP4203080.3 TP4473980.4 TP65642 TP4473 TP40579 TP27970 TP51610 80.6 TP31677 TP72822 TP70005 TP11572 TP58417 81.1 TP96182.7 TP48220 TP725083.5 TP8148 TP24004 TP73708 TP929983.8 TP5192884.8 TP2702086.2 TP66190 TP3139587.2 TP32748 TP1613287.9 TNE003A07_SNP1_II89.0 TP74036 TP15399 TP870090.0 TP62611 TP2806590.6 TP41872 TP2384292.1 TP7340192.4 TP33844 TP45138 TP3116692.7 TP4463993.8 TP20394 TP42869 TP45885 TP34732 TP10404 TP32368 96.0 TP688897.4 TP2573398.2 TP28745 TP50864113.3 TP31957 TP48664114.0 TP53488 TP39238132.6 TP53329133.2 TP38436 TP22871133.8 TP31899134.4 TP49077 TP23568134.7 TP50533 TP53784 TP63990135.2 TP29598 TP36001137.4 ppgm_SNP2_II139.6 TP62433 TP24056 TP37264140.1 AB40_II141.3 TP58622 TP29214 TP3169 TP59112 TP47214 142.8 AA205_II145.9 TP46174 TP34345146.6 TP43716 TP70032 TP31755 TP64860148.2 TP63550148.4 TP30152148.6 TP24446 TP41536149.1 TP3639149.5 TP1543 TP49556150.0 TP42578 TP36647 TP16043151.1 TP64857152.5 TP9446 TP4189 TP60169 TP26790 TP30007 TP43765 156.4 TP2962 TP58971162.0 TP17301166.5 TP49944 TP50853 TP59287 TP11013 TP61554 166.8 TP62821168.9 TP66667 TP47538169.9 TP54222 TP16270171.7 TP68752172.3 TP39242 TP11045 TP49098 TP26331172.6 TP37819173.4 TP4214173.8 TP28666 TP1300 TP8417 TP61340 TP71926 TP74772 TP59125 TP26999 174.6 LGII agpl1_SNP2_III0.0 TP47550 TP26712 TP47197 TP8850.4 TP657520.7 TP19159 TP49626 TP41891 TP308202.2 TP69044 TP49738 TP16607 TP66534 TP72948 TP26746 TP67503 30.2 TP6289749.6 TP3860350.2 TP4791450.6 TP1636251.1 TP4090 TP43964 TP32603 TP3662451.2 TP24336 TP23332 TP34768 TP6643951.5 NIP_SNP1_III53.2 TP44665 TP58165 TP33880 TP1105055.7 TP973756.3 TP3531156.8 TP22923 TP1321157.9 TP82759.9 TP52256 TP28671 TP57496 TP40223 TP51095 TP26332 60.4 TP40964 TP48872 TP2902261.6 TP66333 TP63977 TP23469 TP5422762.5 TP58629 TP2603964.6 TP108565.0 TP34986 TP7405968.5 TP19810 TP2930070.8 TP50060 TP6845271.1 TP128272.9 TP47722 TP2468374.1 TP2168185.0 PsAAP1_SNP3_III85.4 TP6677685.7 TP618986.2 TP3416386.3 TP5046386.7 TP54763 TP31039 TP25703 TP7544287.7 TP43280 TP21864 TP5757489.0 TP3480589.4 TP29696 TP10571 TP1558891.1 TP80591.4 TP9024 TP1232 TP34078 TP26812 TP94 TP54620 TP67954 91.6 TP2636392.6 TP2336893.6 TP60345 TP45999 TP1199094.2 TP3792394.4 TP3038894.7 TP53000 TP30597 TP38794 TP18626 TP60811 95.2 TP576696.2 TP32333 TP5397296.6 TP37163 TP40852 TP5590697.3 TP1552198.4 TP3067598.9 TP61146 TP24818102.3 TP42647103.9 TP38836 TP2567105.0 agps1_SNP1_III TP51467106.4 TP10833 TP75255107.4 TP30941108.4 TP58425 TP29875 TP4501109.7 TP18188 TP16820110.4 TP32679112.5 TP61580114.0 TP22485115.0 TP13550 TP397 TP75231128.3 TP34201 TP52976143.9 TP5612144.0 TP49973144.2 TP73169 TP76029144.4 TP27024 TP30641146.1 TP5158146.5 TP73262147.6 TP28959 PSAS_III TP63019148.0 gpt2_SNP2_IV149.4 TP74211151.9 AD73_III153.2 TP62802 TP5232154.9 TP4666159.7 TP40144 TP11843160.1 TP48073160.7 TP60277161.1 TP63753 TP4901 TP48185161.8 TP73581162.1 TP64225 TP37905 TP63793163.1 TP162163.5 TP5255 TP59141166.3 TP62331 TP29521 TP47875 TP18025168.7 TP68053169.0 TP63762 TP61415169.3 TP64199170.1 TP3518 TP38033171.7 TP37309 TP47763174.7 TP60558 TP7770 TP37169175.6 TP41520176.2 TP39746176.8 TP40721177.6 TP33439177.9 TP53274178.4 TP13690179.0 TP69835180.3 TP342 TP44703181.6 TP13394182.3 TP23868183.7 TP32982 TP36807186.3 TP47482 TP53043187.0 TP37419188.5 TP12474188.9 pepC_SNP2_III pepC_SNP8_III pepC_SNP1_III pepC_SNP6_III189.6 TP42176190.2 TP64092 TP71793 TP54075 TP11769190.9 TP26676 TP69708200.9 TP53898201.6 TP32958 TP73654203.2 TP14576203.9 TP63916204.2 TP37841 TP15906204.8 TP14861 TP31082208.1 TP45167209.6 TP45411 TP11831210.0 TP49107211.9 TP16298212.2 TP24175213.7 TP6720 TP29465 TP26574 TP16306215.7 TP9913 TP23552217.1 TP8826 TP58987217.9 TP26799218.0 TP59853218.5 PsDof1_SNP2_III TP49126218.9 TP50075220.1 TP23007 TP4920 TP51072221.6 TP11982224.4 TP70591225.0 TP39770226.0 TP2110 TP21967 TP57089227.0 TP5874 TP14245 TP41839228.1 TP12970 TP67208228.8 TP74993229.5 TP44395231.9 TP32589 TP20116232.3 TP59215232.9 PSBLOX2_III233.6 TP48730234.8 TP33666235.1 TP10789237.0 Bfruct_SNP7_III237.4 TP62345 TP44704237.9 AB141_III241.9 LGIII TP673900.0 TP164981.2 TP668461.6 TP1266 TP7672.3 TP170782.7 TP284413.2 TP476854.9 TP560035.5 TP501939.5 TP7325 TP347619.8 TP1884310.7 TP4797 TP4439011.0 TP584313.1 TP75683 TP1159715.3 TP59002 TP843 TP523 TP42755 TP69706 15.6 TP4023116.9 TP262117.4 TP6458618.9 TP11479 TP45333 TP37780 TP71109 TP72779 TP46841 19.4 TP5909120.0 TP20487 TP2810720.6 TP56024 TP4511836.7 TP20543 TP5544937.5 TP4067938.1 TP8338.4 TP60476 TP4722538.7 TP33267 TP36664 TP1772339.3 TP3653940.8 TP6546 TP5963841.1 TP34402 TP75384 TP5565641.7 TP49093 TP19043.0 TP5100544.2 TP4167145.2 TP26993 TP973145.8 AA285_IV46.4 TP1060246.8 TP70764 TP5644347.3 TP3902547.6 TP12365 TP6197747.8 TP17179 TP3980148.1 TP1304948.2 TP6254748.4 TP1505549.3 TP51617 TP6191750.2 TP34180 TP36006 TP2641250.9 Tpe4A_SNP1_IV51.7 TP2406052.4 TP63866 TP3521252.8 TP2318953.1 TP6287254.2 TP36191 TP4376954.6 TP3168654.9 TP5268255.3 TP2912856.6 TP721259.5 TP5878959.9 A9_IV66.7 TP10414 AB31_IV71.5 TP12763 TP6699973.1 TP1673874.8 Dof5_SNP2_IV Dof5_SNP1_IV77.9 TP5280678.5 TP50654 TP7381679.1 TP7076079.8 TP34141 TP7128483.5 TP4378185.3 TP33705 TP4412795.1 TP7459 TP5048896.4 TP22292 TP25253 TP2184 AA122_IV103.9 TP76020 TP68325104.8 TP27311105.6 TP14867105.9 TP39693 TP14980106.3 TP52002106.7 TP41510 TP16627107.2 TP50007 TP10347 TP22351 TP44432 TP22908 TP21860 107.8 TP43978107.9 TP29810 TP48026108.1 TP52639 TP51152108.7 TP70004 TP13785110.1 TP53164110.5 TP20420111.5 TP62598 TP42150111.9 TP15744112.2 TP52746 TP41996112.5 TP41011112.9 TP34401 TP62461113.8 TP52647114.1 TP29587115.1 TP42551116.7 TP43621 TP26535117.1 TP28969 TP29932118.4 TP70110122.3 TP55646 TP70911 TP20621 TP53308 TP38872 123.3 TP36120123.6 TP53092124.2 TP44604 TP26014124.8 TP53796 TP47306126.0 TP30632 TP35969126.6 TP74524 TP11725127.2 TP11980 TP42884 TP58551128.0 TP74769 TP9002129.2 TP6553 TP46175129.8 TP19702130.6 TP34513131.1 TP18167 TP24477 TP5398132.8 TP44995132.9 TP46234 TP30556133.1 TP13547 TP37343 TP27029133.4 TP73180137.4 TP60522 TP46412137.7 TP66177 TP62607138.0 TP45319140.1 TP27167141.6 TP2991 TP16106142.5 TP13284 TP45369 TP14723143.7 TP24875145.6 TP32722 TP26792146.5 TP37422146.9 TP817150.7 TP34752151.2 TP15288151.7 TP18232 TP26330152.7 TP36444153.1 TP31618 TP36577154.0 TP5918155.6 TP40175 TP69156157.6 TP46676159.3 TP46541 TP23443159.7 TP1401 TP58949 TP57100 TP51327160.0 TP10538161.3 TP48685 TP23562162.0 TP23602 TP66964162.9 TP45004163.5 TP30278 TP12610165.0 TP53338165.3 TP73628166.1 TP10542167.3 TP35012167.6 TP3977168.3 TP42606170.0 TP7522 TP2851 TP22506172.8 LGIV TP605370.0 TP61845 TP22281.9 TP525543.7 TP31746 TP585197.0 TP270117.5 TP71059 TP53332 TP441678.0 TP663808.4 TP63196 TP32580 TP488478.6 TP450889.5 TP26984 TP31891 TP1853910.9 TP983011.6 TP27533 TP40683 TP746813.8 TP43664 TP37133 TP20449 TP2192514.2 TP13956 TP6869115.9 TP2595816.0 TP6979916.2 TP35130 TP46947 TP7938 TP4715116.9 TP1226117.2 TP7340817.6 TP1535719.1 TP336819.5 TP4737320.8 TP13364 TP43379 TP7519921.0 TP6062122.1 TP6854422.9 TP94623.7 TP3172224.6 GAL_SNP2_V GAL_SNP1_V26.7 TP50625 TP15489 TP6430728.2 AB23_V29.7 TP35906 TP3621230.9 TP2043331.1 TP928231.5 TP667031.6 TP12925 TP3675031.7 TP6247832.0 TP37826 TP7557032.6 TP46487 TP3375933.8 TP742 TP6757334.4 TP74398 TP34125 TP6346735.0 TP28362 TP11136 TP146835.9 TP6519337.0 TP6698537.5 TP60024 TP24281 TP70690 TP40344 TP63427 TP60871 37.9 TP18617 TP64060 TP7223 TP4004638.3 TP2066538.4 TP62512 TP35752 TP39132 TP3562138.6 TP61763 TP451040.0 TP5879340.2 TP47097 TP5875440.4 TP8375 TP4233040.9 TP47706 TP26357 TP6426141.4 TP832941.5 TP5518941.7 tip_SNP2_V43.7 TP52543 TP1057545.0 TP16858 TP1111245.6 TP14010 TP17382 TP4433046.9 TP36004 TP7000049.9 TP2974550.2 TP13993 TP6240450.8 TP7443 TP27214 TP2934554.8 TP4047755.4 TP22622 TP75113 TP521 TP2496657.5 TP40020 TP42231 TP43843 TP60585 TP28278 TP14186 58.7 TP5959659.6 TP7573 TP28560 TP2028859.9 TP5207 TP59684 TP2259360.2 TP72698 TP4901860.8 TP3635379.1 TP6673879.4 TP649580.2 TP6247080.3 TP576080.9 TP3527881.6 TP45715 TP6934782.6 TP3124983.5 TP5629384.0 TP44587 TP63217 TP2202685.1 TP73241 TP41096 TP588986.2 TP6160886.5 TP10671 TP4091087.5 catAAtrans_SNP2_V88.5 TP5399989.3 TP16666 TP6812589.7 TP1599 TP2281990.3 TP5277690.8 AB130_V94.5 MitPhos_SNP1_V98.3 TP59611105.9 CNE007I23_SNP2_V108.5 TP41157111.0 TP8763 TP42381120.9 TP4613 TP7226127.9 TP74927132.9 TP54960 TP3916 TP25986 TP28063139.0 TP20569 TP28593 TP31355 TP4874141.1 TP8901143.6 TP17605147.0 TP61440 TP5122 TP31801 TP52455148.5 TP27232149.1 TP11322149.6 TP11208150.2 TP34884 TP58734 TP72934150.5 TP69786151.4 TP45476151.8 TP74380 TP67157 TP26395154.5 TP16650154.7 TP54008 TP26900 TP44628155.3 TP50185 TP34476156.5 TP72147156.7 TP7436156.8 TP37170157.1 TP55237157.5 TP26443161.4 TP1330 TP27578163.0 TP20372 TP72445163.3 TP4061163.9 TP33811 TP14624164.7 TP49529165.1 TP25228165.8 TP10507 TP26619166.1 TP32211169.5 TP52835 TP44667 TP28274 TP58865170.1 TP54024173.8 TP74204174.3 TP493175.0 TP60877177.2 TP23370177.8 TP70978179.9 TP29055180.9 TP9238186.1 TP39246187.3 TP31866190.6 TP52506191.0 LGV TP115270.0 TP352820.3 TP11690.6 TP308531.0 TP314033.9 Ga2ox_SNP1_VI5.0 TP411755.5 TP396596.6 TP215777.0 TP7205 TP433139.3 TP56116 TP7564 TP77439.6 TP58547 TP29941 TP49464 TP25751 TP28120 10.3 TP621010.6 TP3643312.7 F4012_SNP2_VI13.0 TP4688114.9 TP163715.4 TP3918816.7 TP3158 TP5394017.7 TP3676518.7 TP6464820.2 TP6213020.9 TP2885622.6 TP34388 TP6212623.0 TP2506625.0 TP3146326.9 TP68928 TP39472 TP64772 TP5070827.6 TP8313 TP75456 TP15766 TP19127 TP5482 28.0 TNE003F15_SNP3_VI28.7 TP6894 TP4893830.1 TP30770 TP428430.9 TP1148531.2 TP839631.6 TP7553934.3 TP62153 TP2838435.4 PIN1_SNP3_VI36.8 PIN1_SNP1_VI37.1 TP7435837.6 TP28329 TP36935 TP38514 TP50440 TP35285 TP29203 TP2146 TP28492 38.7 TP22167 TP1572641.6 TP4306744.2 TP734446.7 TP5932747.2 TP71640 TP26975 TP861949.0 TP2597 TP1104749.3 TP34689 TP1273850.3 TP5327650.7 TP3051.8 TP40320 TP388 TP17108 TP39921 TP54496 65.0 TP6667465.2 TP297465.3 TP754765.7 TP4208 TP2454467.4 TP4359969.7 TP880572.5 TP50941 TP5551173.5 TP48 TP2372075.0 TP7404275.5 TP3702476.0 TP5697176.4 TP71696 TP23047 TP7407 TP552177.7 TP3402278.0 TP16276 TP28397 TP67522 TP62337 TP48790 TP47200 TP1966 TP48879 TP31948 TP1945 83.5 TP4613484.1 TP3643489.0 TP8326 TP2918489.9 TP28269 TP5883990.5 TP1979491.1 TP2626492.4 TP1793292.7 TP333093.0 TP49240 TP39777 TP23769 TP46366 TP27422 sus3_SNP8_VI TP45228 93.3 TP7012299.0 TP13944 TP10629 TP5575999.4 TP27580 TP7041 TP46272100.3 TP25320105.8 TP70620 TP57058111.4 TP13525 TP62618 TP31393111.7 TP54654113.6 TP44490115.0 TP71562 TP31221120.1 TP68878 TP42941120.5 TP26622120.7 TP23326121.0 TP37908 TP8916122.3 TP22378 TP17478 TP66801 TP14500 TP73564 TP50948 123.2 TP362 TP66446124.8 TP17228125.0 TP44405 TP65176125.2 TP61175 TP19704 TP37489125.5 TP44961126.1 TP65409126.3 TP44215 TP39341 TP1044126.9 TP14636127.7 TP23397 TP34433 TP68910 TP4261 TP5643 TP69664 128.5 TP36881128.8 TP67039 TP60936 TP1226129.1 TP61321130.9 TP35230 TP20720 TP38251131.5 TP37650131.9 TP49131 TP45877133.4 TP43332133.6 TP8509 TP58453 TP47805133.7 TP36792134.0 TP74047 TP24669 TP42717 TP6971 TP9689 TP6643 134.6 TP24787 TP50968135.8 TP4658 TP6916 TP18390 TP75780 TP34724 136.7 TP17468138.2 TP32640 TP54673138.5 TP63799 TP59197 TP32814138.7 TP35720 TP20436 TP5434139.0 TP29219140.4 TP52689141.1 TP31569 TP27527143.2 TP9054143.5 TP22776 TP55999144.1 TP41250145.3 TP56153146.4 TP51502146.8 TP8446149.9 PSbMV_VI174.7 LGVI TP105500.0 TP720290.4 TP677181.6 TP31932.2 TP190413.9 TP31805 TP13055 TP114155.7 TP299507.6 TP35738.7 TP38017 TP189549.0 TP599469.3 TP8678 TP474419.6 TP61706 TP66475 TP27096 TP3344710.2 TP6063710.6 TP64045 TP2839211.1 TP5591211.6 TP38942 TP62111.9 TP26428 TP54170 TP692712.8 TP657422.5 TP5573222.8 TP3687323.3 TP5477 TP2333 TP51712 TP50206 TP41984 23.7 TP5752925.1 TP4044325.8 TP1666727.3 TP4445428.0 AA57_VII TP48042 TP8741 TP41248 TP72638 45.0 TP32771 TP3512246.5 TP6031546.9 TP6662947.3 TP3405849.3 TP22125 TP66635 TP66580 TP3712749.9 TP7233450.4 TP31577 TP5905250.8 TP2198651.6 TP7342852.0 TP7445952.5 TP585653.4 TP3289453.7 TP1172255.0 TP116656.1 TP26575 TP5129 TP10975 TP7257356.5 TP496156.9 TP30771 TP43038 TP9315 TP5279557.7 TP8961 TP5942 TP38638 TP2186858.0 TP68734 TP773058.3 TP3608559.2 TP3460559.7 TP4709661.0 TP2313262.9 TP52077 TP15191 TP4414363.2 TP4954274.5 TP7576574.8 TP24269 TP7570975.7 TP6921276.5 TP29871 TP6552376.9 TP40383 TP2590187.1 AB114_VII88.0 TP66383 TP70729 TP3664989.2 TP574790.3 TP6302491.2 TP7241499.2 TP27501 TP28270101.7 TP69472102.1 TP12113 TP33291103.3 TP38230103.5 TP4470103.6 TP13887 TP61616103.9 TP75618104.5 TP44864 TP58660105.1 TP40562 TP6985105.4 TP4994 TP26040106.0 TP69013 TP25210106.6 AA317_VII107.4 TP72055108.3 TP48348108.9 AA505_VII110.7 TP1323111.7 TP31924114.1 TP54913 TP60473 TP29683115.6 AA446_VII125.4 TP5373134.3 TP12668135.6 TP75591 TP6905 TP42913 TP49076136.2 TP9965 TP34140 TP58977136.7 NUM1_SNP2_VII137.4 TP2656137.8 gamma_SNP1139.5 TP25539140.0 TP66982140.1 TP69489140.4 TP72441142.6 TP29279143.4 TP8547143.7 TE002I21_SNP1 clpser_SNP1_VII144.7 aldo_SNP4_VII145.0 clpser_SNP3_VII aldo_SNP3_VII145.1 TP26034 TP4416 TP7971145.7 TP43494145.8 TP55448 TP23794145.9 TP4866148.0 TP71730148.3 AB122_VII149.8 TP13901150.1 TP726 TP14235150.4 TP54576151.1 TP5669152.7 TP31799153.3 TP12338 TP34735 TP16457153.7 TP66855154.1 AA206_VII154.6 AA387_VII155.1 TP35723155.9 TP72183 TP19763 TP63969 TP72422156.6 TP41359157.0 TP75334 TP42959157.3 TP21224 TP56441158.1 TP6188 TP39051158.4 TP33707 TP11082162.2 TP3131162.7 TP35001163.1 TP22065164.7 TP73423165.5 TP10932167.4 TP15902168.2 TP15320170.0 TP70761171.4 TP2290 TP33168 TP24418172.0 TP66535172.3 TP71531172.7 TP26522173.2 TP66362 pip2_SNP2_VII176.3 TP33653 TP7470178.3 TP43600 TP23518179.0 TP4272 TP3177 TP53962180.4 TP23902180.8 TP9220181.5 TP22659182.0 TP46097184.4 TP10365185.1 TP53890186.5 TP37173187.9 TP12966 TP74134188.4 TP64466191.8 TP23215 TP31553192.3 TP64398194.2 TP57523194.9 TP55369195.9 TP31665197.4 TP66992 TP6035202.1 TP46623 TP22498203.2 TP33028203.9 TP25796204.2 TP40176204.8 TP8125206.2 TP34272 TP46698206.6 TP67601208.0 TP50257208.3 TP41067208.4 TP33083 TP72885 TP9651208.7 TP44296212.6 TP32837212.9 TP67381213.0 TP44973 TP44730 TP52306 TP2133 TP1548 213.3 TP37880214.6 TP7337 TP60165215.7 LGVII Linkage Map LG I LG II LG III LG IV LG V LG VI LGVII
  • 9. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 No.ofRILs Zn (µg/g DW) Spillman Whitlow 1.5 mg/kg 1.75 mg/kg Concentration of Zinc
  • 10. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 No.ofRILs Ca (mg/g DW) Spillman Whitlow 8.5meq/100g 9.0meq/100g Concentration of Calcium
  • 11. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 No.ofRILs K (mg/g DW) Spillman Whitlow Concentration of Potassium 466 mg/kg 334 mg/kg
  • 12. QTL and Co-localized QTL • A total of 51 QTLs were identified for seed mineral nutrient concentrations. • The QTLs explained 2% to 43.3% of the phenotypic variance. • One colocalized QTL region was detected in LG V. LG V 29.6-52.4 cM
  • 15. Yu Ma Wm Holdsworth Mike Grusak Peng Cheng Michael Mazourek Clarice Coyne Dorrie Main