Op Valkyrie
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Operation Valkyrie was a German World War II emergency plan to take control of German cities and arrest the Nazi leadership if Hitler died. German Army officers modified the plan to use after assassinating Hitler in order to free German soldiers from their oath to him. The plan was to trick reserve soldiers into believing the SS had staged a coup and assassinated Hitler, motivating them to remove the Nazi government from power. Key elements required Hitler's death and the cooperation of Reserve Army commander General Fromm. The plan was ultimately attempted by Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg on July 20, 1944 after his failed assassination of Hitler.
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Claus von Stauffenberg led an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler and overthrow the Nazi regime on July 20, 1944. The plot involved Operation Valkyrie, a contingency plan to maintain order in Germany. On July 20th, Stauffenberg planted a bomb in a briefcase near Hitler during a meeting at the Wolfsschanze headquarters. However, the bomb failed to kill Hitler when an officer moved the briefcase behind a table leg, shielding Hitler from the blast. Though some were killed, Hitler survived with only minor injuries. Stauffenberg and other conspirators were later arrested and executed after the failed coup.
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The Plot
The document summarizes key events in the plot by German military officers to assassinate Adolf Hitler in July 1944. It describes that conspiratorial groups had existed in the German military since 1938 who disagreed with Nazism and Hitler's leadership. Their original plan was to imprison Hitler but they decided killing him was necessary to more easily take power and prevent him becoming a martyr. The plotters worked to establish a new German government without the Nazis and assassinate other leaders like Himmler before the Gestapo could stop them. Several assassination attempts failed before Claus Von Stauffenberg's bomb injured but failed to kill Hitler, triggering the start of Operation Valkyrie to take control.
Plotters
The document discusses several key members of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler and remove the Nazi Party from power in Germany. It provides biographical details on Claus von Stauffenberg, Henning von Tresckow, Friedrich Olbricht, Werner von Haeften, and Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, all high-ranking military officers who were leading members of the resistance group behind the assassination attempt. It describes their backgrounds, roles in the conspiracy, and reasons for turning against Hitler and the Nazi regime.
1 Volume 7. Nazi Germany, 1933-1945 Telex Message.docx
1
Volume 7. Nazi Germany, 1933-1945
Telex Message by the Conspiratorial Stauffenberg Group to the Holders of Executive Power
(July 20, 1944)
What is probably the best known and broadest conspiracy against the Nazi regime was headed
by Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg (1907-1944), who attempted to assassinate Hitler on
July 20, 1944, and then led the subsequent, failed coup. Stauffenberg had initially supported the
military goals of the Nazis, but when Hitler’s aggression and his methods of warfare came to
light later in the 1930s, he shared in the increasing alienation felt by some other high-ranking
Wehrmacht officers. Since the Gestapo and the Security Service (SD) of the SS could only
penetrate the Wehrmacht to a limited extent, it was the only organization that had at its disposal
the instruments of power for a potentially successful coup. Nonetheless, earlier attempts at
assassination and sabotage that had come from various resistance groups within the
Wehrmacht had failed. It would appear that it was only Germany’s imminent defeat that
prompted many of the co-conspirators, who were also recruited from the ranks of the police and
the state administration, to engage in active resistance.
On Thursday, July 20, 1944, Stauffenberg, in his capacity as chief of staff to the Commander of
the Reserve Army [Befehlshaber des Ersatzheeres, BDE], flew to a briefing at the Führer’s East
Prussian headquarters, the Wolf’s Lair [Wolfsschanze]. He set off a bomb there and fled. On his
way back to Berlin, Stauffenberg believed that the assassination attempt had been successful,
but Hitler, in fact, had only been slightly injured. Thus, Stauffenberg was operating under the
assumption that the coup would be completed according to the so-called Valkyrie Plan
[Walküreplan], whereby the military would assume executive power and eliminate the party’s
most important sources of power – the Gestapo, the SS, and the SD.
As the following proclamation by Stauffenberg reveals, the conspirators were hoping to blame
Hitler’s assassination on a fictitious clique of party functionaries as a way of justifying the
takeover of power by the Reserve Army. In the absence of official word about Hitler’s death, the
follow-up actions of the co-conspirators were too slow and uncoordinated, and the attempted
coup was quickly quashed by supporters of the regime. Stauffenberg was shot that same night.
In the wake of the extensive Gestapo investigation, which lasted until the end of the war, about
1,500 people were imprisoned and 200 killed.
The Führer Adolf Hitler is dead!
I. An unscrupulous clique of party leaders without frontline service have exploited this situation
to stab the fighting front in the back and to seize power for their own selfish ends.
2
II. In order to maintain law and order in this situation of acute danger the Reich Government has
declared a state of martial law and has transferred the exec ...
How to kill Hitler
Roughly 200 German resisters participated in Operation Valkyrie on July 20, 1944 in an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler and overthrow the Nazi regime. There were numerous failed plots prior by members of the German resistance to kill Hitler through poisoning, bombs, and firearms from 1932 up until the July 20 plot in 1944. The failure of these assassination attempts ultimately led to the arrest and execution of thousands of conspirators in Nazi Germany.
Nazi germany - resistance from the army
This page examines the extent and type of resistance to Nazi rule used by the German army during 1933-1939.
Germany in wwii
This document provides an overview of Germany's history from 1919 to 1945, beginning with the Treaty of Versailles after WWI and the restrictions it placed on Germany. It then discusses the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, key events of WWII such as Germany's invasions and alliances, major battles on the Eastern and Western Fronts, and the Holocaust. The document uses text and images to present information on Germany under Hitler and the key political and military developments of WWII.
Hitler's fieldmarshalls
This document provides biographical information about 27 German field marshals who served under Hitler during World War 2. It lists them alphabetically by last name and provides some key details about each one, including their date of birth, early military career highlights, roles they held during WWII, and date of death if applicable. The document also advertises an available collection of displays featuring authentic signatures and documents related to each field marshal for purchase.
Hitlers Fieldmarshalls
This document provides a list of 27 of Hitler's Field Marshals in alphabetical order along with some background information on each one. It describes their roles and ranks in the German military, noting some of their accomplishments and involvement in World War 2. It also provides contact information for the collector who has displays and documents related to these Field Marshals available for purchase.
Section 2 notes
The document outlines a lesson plan that includes a timeline of key events leading up to World War 2, such as Hitler becoming Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and invading Poland in 1939. The timeline details Germany's expansion through invading neighboring countries like Austria and Czechoslovakia in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. It also notes diplomatic agreements like the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact that enabled Germany's invasion of Poland.
HNG Munich
This document provides information about a lesson on Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany. It discusses the 1919 Spartacist Revolt led by communists in Germany and how it helped the Nazis rise to power later. It then focuses on explaining the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch (also called the Munich Putsch), where Hitler and the Nazis unsuccessfully attempted to seize power in Munich through a rebellion. Key events discussed include Hitler gathering supporters, storming a beer hall to declare a national revolution, marching to the city center to gain public support, and being arrested after police put down the revolt.
Riseofhitler ppt
Hitler turned the Chancellorship into a dictatorship through several key steps between 1933-1934:
1) After being appointed Chancellor in 1933, Hitler used the Reichstag fire to convince Hindenburg to sign the Enabling Act, granting Hitler emergency powers and allowing him to ban other political parties.
2) With other parties banned, Hitler established himself as the sole leader of Germany through the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, in which he had SA leader Ernst Rohm and other political rivals killed.
3) Upon Hindenburg's death later in 1934, Hitler combined the roles of Chancellor and President, taking the title of Führer and cementing his dictatorship over Germany.
The Night of the Long Knives
Hitler consolidated his power in Nazi Germany through three key events between 1933 and 1934:
1) The Night of the Long Knives in June 1934, where Hitler ordered the killing of SA leader Ernst Rohm and hundreds of other political rivals to eliminate internal opposition.
2) After Hindenburg's death in August 1934, Hitler combined the roles of Chancellor and President to become Führer and gain full dictatorial control.
3) He also required soldiers to swear personal loyalty oaths to him, cementing his command over the military and removing the final institutional challenge to his authority.
5._Munich_Beer_Hall_Putsch.pptx
The document summarizes the events of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, when Hitler and the Nazi party attempted to seize control of Munich and overthrow the German government. Hitler took control of a meeting and forced the heads of the Bavarian government, army, and police to agree to support his plans, but they changed their minds. The next day, Hitler's armed march was met by police and clashes left 16 Nazis and 4 police officers dead. Hitler was imprisoned for nine months, during which he wrote Mein Kampf. While initially a failure, the Putsch increased Hitler's national profile through media coverage and his trial, where he criticized the German government.
GCSE Germany - Munich Putsch
The document discusses the 1923 Munich Putsch, when Hitler and the Nazis attempted to overthrow the German government in Bavaria. It provides two views on whether the putsch was a success or failure for the Nazis. While the attempt itself failed, as Hitler's forces were defeated by police and the army, some argue it was a success as it raised Hitler's national profile and helped publicize the Nazi ideology. The document also describes Hitler's trial after the event and the time he spent imprisoned, during which he wrote his book Mein Kampf.
The Night of the Long Knives
A review of the events concerning Hitler's purge of the Nazi Party and the Brown Shirts in 1934 (used with History 12 students in B.C., Canada).
Depth study history germany unit 2
The document provides an overview of the rise of Nazism in Germany between 1919-1934. It discusses how the Nazi party was founded in 1919 with Hitler becoming its leader in 1921. The party promoted German nationalism, anti-Semitism and the superiority of the Aryan race. Despite failing in his Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923, Hitler realized he needed to gain power legally. When the Great Depression hit Germany in 1930, the Nazis capitalized on the economic troubles and anti-government sentiment to become the second largest party by 1930. Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power by suspending civil liberties, banning other parties, and violently removing opposition like the SA leadership in the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.
Adolf hitler leadership style
Adolf Hitler was a charismatic and powerful leader who rose to power in Germany in the 1930s. He was born in 1889 and became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, later becoming the supreme leader. Hitler was very popular with the German people through his passionate speeches and promises to restore Germany as a world power. He had a directing leadership style, giving orders and closely supervising subordinates to achieve goals. Hitler's primary goal was expanding Germany, and he eliminated any armies that stood in the way of that goal through his ability to manipulate people and concentrate power.
Hitler-The Second World War
The document discusses key events and aspects of World War 2, including:
- Hitler's rise to power in Germany following WWI and his use of propaganda to gain support.
- The main countries involved in World War 2 that made up the opposing Allied and Axis forces.
- Hitler's goals in starting the war, which included taking revenge on countries that defeated Germany in WWI and pursuing racial purification policies.
- The Holocaust and Hitler's "Final Solution" that led to the genocide of approximately 11 million people, including over 6 million Jews.
- Major battles and campaigns during the war in both the European and Pacific theaters.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- The Nazis expressed populist yearnings of the middle class and advocated a strong, anti-Marxist mobilization representing the common good of the German people. They portrayed themselves as breaking down social barriers and celebrating the populist community, focusing pre-existing middle class resentments against the establishment and privilege. This populist rhetoric, promising to resolve resentments in a technologically advanced people's utopia, was key to their appeal.
The munich putsch
The document summarizes Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923 where he attempted to seize power in Munich by force. [1] The Putsch was poorly planned and failed when the Bavarian leaders that Hitler had tried to coerce did not provide support and alerted the police. [2] While the Putsch itself ended in failure with 16 Nazis killed, it had some unintended benefits for Hitler as the subsequent trial provided a platform to spread Nazi ideology. Hitler used the experience to write Mein Kampf and resolve to pursue power through democratic rather than violent means in the future. [3]
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1 Volume 7. Nazi Germany, 1933-1945 Telex Message.docx
1 Volume 7. Nazi Germany, 1933-1945 Telex Message.docx
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Op Valkyrie
- 1. Operation Valkyrie Social Studies Workshop Teacher: Mauricio Torres
- 2. What was Operation Valkyrie? • It was a German World War II emergency continuity of government operations plan issued to the Territorial Reserve Army of Germany to execute and implement in case of a general breakdown in civil order of the nation. • Or so did Hitler believed it to be…
- 3. Why did they create it? • German Army (Heer) officers General Friedrich Olbricht, Major General Henning von Tresckow, and Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler was dead. • There was a catch to it: • Hitler's death (as opposed to his arrest) was required to free German soldiers from their oath of loyalty to him. Tresckow
- 4. How did it work? • In essence, the plan was to trick the Reserve Army into the seizure and removal of the civilian government of wartime Germany under the false pretense that the SS had attempted a coup d'État that included the assassination of Adolf Hitler. • The key requirement was that the rank-and-file soldiers and junior officers who were supposed to execute this plan would be motivated to do so based upon their false belief that it was the Nazi civilian leadership who had behaved with disloyalty and treason against the state, and were therefore required to be removed.
- 5. Key Elements • Apart from Hitler, only General Friedrich Fromm, commander of the Reserve Army, could put Operation Valkyrie into effect. Therefore, Fromm had to either be won over to the conspiracy, or in some way neutralized for the plan to succeed. Fromm
- 6. Stauffenberg´s Role • The key role was played by Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg in actual implementation after his assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944. • Stauffenberg also further improved the Valkyrie plan and made changes to address changing situations. Stauffenberg's position as Chief of Staff of Reserve Army gave him access to Hitler for reports and at the same time required his presence at headquarters for implementation of Valkyrie. Stauffenberg