On the road
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The document discusses forces acting on vehicles moving at speed on hills and around corners. It explains that a car will become airborne when traveling over a hill if its speed exceeds the square root of the product of gravitational acceleration and the hill's radius. When cornering, a car will start to slide if the centripetal force from its speed exceeds the maximum frictional force between its tires and the road. This maximum speed is the square root of the coefficient of friction times gravitational acceleration times the corner's radius. The document also examines forces on a car navigating a banked turn, showing that traveling at a speed such that the tangent of the bank's angle equals the ratio of speed squared over gravitational acceleration times radius allows centrifugal
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The Jade Emperor held a swimming race between animals to determine the order of the zodiac. The rat tricked the cat into falling in the river and leapt onto the ox's head at the finish to come in first, with the ox second. The order of the zodiac was decided based on the animals' placement in the race.
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Pressure is defined as the force per unit area applied perpendicular to a surface. It is useful for understanding weight, space travel by knowing safe distances from planets, and measuring blood pressure which is important for health. Pressure can be calculated as force divided by area. Moments are the turning effect of forces on objects with fixed points like hinges or axles, causing them to rotate. Moments are calculated as the force times the distance from the pivot point.
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Pressure is a type of force measured as the force applied over an area. It can be high, like the pressure from stilettos, or low, like the pressure from dice. Pressure is calculated using the formula of force divided by area. Moments are also a type of force but are not symbolized on the periodic table like pressure. Levers can be used to increase or decrease the magnitude of a force and change the direction of its application through its fulcrum.
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Pressure is determined by dividing force by the contact area. High pressure results from applying force over a small area, like the narrow heel of a stiletto shoe, while low pressure comes from force spread over a larger area, such as an elephant's wide feet. Pressure and moments formulas can be used to calculate and understand pressure in mechanical systems like levers.
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An alternating current generator consists of a rectangular coil that spins within a magnetic field, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) that varies with the cosine of the angle between the coil and magnetic field. Power station alternators have three coil sets spaced 120 degrees apart, each producing an alternating EMF 120 degrees out of phase with the others. The electromagnet at the center spins rather than the coils. A back EMF is induced in a spinning electric motor coil as the flux linkage through it changes, opposing the applied voltage and wasting power through circuit resistance.
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Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas take several years to form naturally, whereas solar and wind power are renewable energy sources with some disadvantages. Solar power has advantages of being sustainable and environmentally-friendly but is extremely expensive, while wind power is cheap but produces intermittent energy depending on weather conditions. Solar power installations can be costly.
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This document discusses the consequences of climate change such as melting ice caps flooding, freak weather storms, and colder wetter winters. It also notes that fossil fuels produce CO2 and cannot be reused, and will eventually run out, while renewable energies can be reused, last longer and are more efficient.
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Fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil release CO2 into the atmosphere and will eventually run out, as they were made millions of years ago underground. Wind and solar power are renewable sources that will not run out, but wind turbines need windy areas and solar panels work best in sunny places like Africa rather than the UK with less sun.
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The document discusses different energy sources such as fossil fuels, wind turbines, and solar panels. Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere while wind turbines and solar panels do not pollute but have disadvantages of taking up space and not working without wind or sun. The consequences of global warming include wetter winters, warmer summers, melting ice caps which endangers Arctic and Antarctic animals. Individuals can help by recycling, conserving electricity and water, and not wasting energy.
powerstation
Renewable fossil fuels such as paper and water can be burned at power stations to produce electricity in an ongoing cycle and power homes and devices, but this process can pollute the air. The world is warming as we burn fossil fuel reserves and cut down forests, releasing greenhouse gases and thickening the atmosphere to trap more heat in a way that threatens to irreversibly change the world through rapid climate change unlike anything seen before. Urgent action is needed now to avoid a world that will soon be ash.
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On the road
- 1. On The Road
- 2. What happens when you drive too fast over a hill! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= QhjNmXpFnms&feature=related
- 3. What are we covering today? • Flying off hills • Sliding around corners • Staying on a racetrack
- 4. At what speed will the car leave the ground? What are the forces on the car when it is on the ground? Up S (reaction force) (mv2 )/r (Centripetal force) Down mg (weight) mg (mv2 )/rS + When the car is on the ground the forces are balanced mg = s + (mv2 )/r If the car is travelling at a speed greater than (V0) it will leave the ground At this point s = 0 as there is no reaction force from the ground
- 5. mg (mv2 )/r m v0 2 / r = mg m = mass V0 = is the first speed it takes to the air r = radius of the hill from the centre of curvature Re- arrange to make V0 the centre of attention to find the speed for take off V0 = g r Therefore a car would jump a hill of radius 6 metres if it is going a speed greater than 7.67 m/s http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/circular.htm
- 6. On a roundabout http://h2physics.org/?cat=63 A vehicle of mass m and speed v in a circle of radius r around a roundabout r The centripetal force is created by the tyres contact friction on the road Friction Force F = mv2 r If F is greater than the grip available from the tyre and surface the car will slide – this will happen at a speed v0 and a corresponding force F0 The grip from the tyre is proportional to the weight of the vehicle and the road surface and the tyre combine to give the co-efficient of friction µ Sliding Force F0 = mv0 2 r http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/mech/ embederQ2.20150.html
- 7. The grip from the tyre is proportional to the weight of the vehicle and the road surface and the tyre combine to give the co-efficient of friction µ Sliding Force F0 = mv0 2 r F0 = µmg The grip from the tyre can be broken down into its component parts µmg = mv0 2 r Rearrange to make v0 the centre of attention v0 = sqrt (µ g r)
- 8. Banked Track θ N1 N2 θ θ Car going around a banked track You can travel faster around a banked corner as a component of the cars mass keeps the car into the centre of the trackmg Resolving the vertical and horizontal components Horizontal component = (N1 + N2) sin θ Vertical component = (N1 + N2) cos θ The horizontal component act as the centripetal force mv2 /r = (N1 + N2) sin θ The vertical component balances the weight (N1 + N2) cos θ = mg using tan θ = sin θ / cos θ
- 9. Banked track (N1 + N2) sin θ (N1 + N2) cos θ = using tan θ = sin θ / cos θ (N1 + N2) cos θ = mgmv2 /r = (N1 + N2) sin θ mv2 mgr Reduces down to ...Reduces down to ... Tan θ = v2 /g rTan θ = v2 /g r Making v the focus V2 = g r tan θ http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/mech/ embederQ2.20170.html