This document discusses organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It provides an introduction to OLEDs, describing them as solid state devices made of thin films of organic materials sandwiched between electrodes. The document then covers the history, components, operation, types (including passive matrix OLED, active matrix OLED, transparent OLED), advantages, disadvantages, and applications of OLEDs. Key advantages listed are brightness, flexibility, viewing angles, power efficiency, and light weight. The document concludes that OLEDs offer advantages over LEDs and LCDs in being thinner, lighter, and more flexible.

1. PRAKASH M
4SF10EC073
Organic light-emitting
diodes(OLED)
Presented by:
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2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 FEATURES OF OLED
 COMPONENTS OF OLED
 OPERATION
 MAKING OF OLED
 TYPES OF OLED
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
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3. INTRODUCTION
 An OLED is a solid state device or electronic
device that typically consists of organic thin films
sandwiched between two thin film conductive
electrodes.
 electro phosphorescence.
 produces self-luminous displays that do not
require backlighting and hence more energy
efficient.
 OLED materials present bright, clear video and
images that are easy to see at almost any angle
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4. HISTORY
 First developed in the early 1950’s in France
by applying a high-voltage alternating current
field to crystalline thin films of acridine orange
 1960’s – AC – driven electroluminescent cells
using doped anthracene was developed
 Electroluminescence from polymer films was
first observed by Roger Partridge
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5. FEATURES OF OLED
 High brightness is achieved at low drive
voltages/current densities.
 Materials do not need to be crystalline, so easy
to fabricate.
 Self luminescent so no requirement of
backlighting
 A flexible, thin and lightweight
 Broader operating temperature ranges
 Low power consumption
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6. COMPONENTS OF OLED
 Cathode
 Emissive Layer
 Conductive Layer
 Anode
 Substrate
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7. OPERATION
1. Voltage applied
across Cathode
and Anode
1. Typically 2V-10V
2. Current flows from
cathode to anode
1. Electrons flow to
emissive layer
2. Electrons removed
from conductive
layer leaving holes
3. Holes jump into
emissive layer
3. Electron and hole
combine and light
emitted 7

8. Different Colors
‐type of organic
molecule in the emissive
layer
‐Three molecules used
RGB
 Intensity/brightness
‐amount of current
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9. MAKING OF OLED
 VACUUMTHERMAL EVAPORATION
 ORGANICVAPOUR PHASE DEPOSITION
‐Uses inert carrier gases
to transform films of
organic materials
‐Deposited onto cooled
substrate
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10. Advantages of OVPD
Higher deposition rate
Higher material utilization
Better device perf0rmance
Large substrate size
 INKJET PRINTING
‐OLEDs are sprayed onto
substrates just like inks are
sprayed onto paper during
printing
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11. 1. Passive-matrix OLED
2. Active-matrix OLED
3. Transparent OLED
4. Top-emitting OLED
5. Flexible/Foldable OLED
6. White OLED
TYPES OF OLEDs
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12. Passive matrix OLED Active matrix OLED
• Perpendicular
cathode/anode strip
orientation
• Light emitted at
intersection (pixels)
• Large power
consumption
• Used on 1-3 inch
screens
• Full layers of
cathode, anode,
organic molecules
• Thin Film Transistor
matrix (TFT) on top of
anode
• Less power
consumed then
PMOLED
• Used for larger
displays
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13. Transparent OLED Top-emittingOLED
• Transparent substrate,
cathode and anode
• Bi-direction light emission
• Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
• Useful for heads-up display
i. Transparent projector
screen
ii. glasses
• Non-transparent
• Transparent Cathode
• Used with Active Matrix
Device
• Smart card displays
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14. FoldableOLED White OLED
• Flexible metallic foil
or plastic substrate
• Light weight and ultra
thin
• Reduce display
breaking
• Emits bright white light
• Replace fluorescent lights
• Reduce energy cost for lighting
• True Color Qualities
• Environmental friendly
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15. ADVANTAGES
 Brightness
 Flexible
 Viewing angles
 Power consumption
 Light weight
 High resolution
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16. DISADVANTAGES
 Cost to manufacture is high
 Constraints with lifespan
 Easily damaged by water
 Limited market availability
OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent
 Not as easy as changing a light bulb
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17. APPLICATIONS
Display sources
Mobile phones
Keyboards
Digital watches
Light sources
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18. Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining
new ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as
a window
Cell Phones
Future uses of oled
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19. CONCLUSION
•OLEDs offer many advantages over both LEDs and LCDs.
They are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the
crystalline layers in an LED or LCD.They have large fields of
view as they produce their own light.
•Video images much more realistic and constantly updated.
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20. REFERENCES
 Bardsley, James. "International OLEDTechnology
Roadmap." IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTEDTOPICS IN
QUANTUM ELECTRONICS. Jan. 2004. IEEE.
 Freud enrich, Craig, Ph.D. "How OLEDsWork." s
Howstuffworks. 2008.
<http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled.htm>.
 Organic LightingTechnologies. "Technology." Organic
LightingTechnologies LLC. 2006. <http://www.o-
lite.com/technology.htm>.
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