1. The document presents information on focusing type solar collectors. It discusses different types of focusing collectors that use reflecting surfaces to concentrate solar radiation onto absorbing surfaces.
2. Key focusing collector types discussed include cylindrical parabolic collectors, central receiver collectors, and compound parabolic collectors. Concentration ratios can reach as high as 10,000x, allowing surfaces to reach temperatures over 450°C.
3. Advantages of focusing collectors include using less material for higher collection of radiation. However, disadvantages include only collecting beam radiation and additional maintenance needs to keep reflecting surfaces clean and efficient.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
different types of solar cooker,parabolic solar cooker largest solar steam cooking plant in INDIA at SHIRDI ,parabolic solar cooker stirling engine,steam cooking by parabolic reflectors at MOUNT ABU RAJISTHAN ,INDIA
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
different types of solar cooker,parabolic solar cooker largest solar steam cooking plant in INDIA at SHIRDI ,parabolic solar cooker stirling engine,steam cooking by parabolic reflectors at MOUNT ABU RAJISTHAN ,INDIA
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
Development of a Solar Fresnel Reflector and Its Tracking Stand Using Local M...IJERA Editor
Solar collectors are the engines that drive all solar energy heating systems. Although solar heating collectors have settled upon a few basic designs, they are still manufactured in an array of configurations.Solar collectors are generally classified by the temperatures that can be produced under normal amounts of solar radiation. The collector’s end-use application can be determined by their temperature classification such as Low-temperature collectors, Medium-temperature collectors and High-temperature concentrators that track the sun and produces the highest temperatures.Reflectorsthat are axially symmetrical and shaped like a parabola, has the property of bringing parallel rays of light (such as sunlight) to a pointfocus and so any object that is located at its focus receives highly concentrated sunlight, and therefore becomes very hot. This is the basis for the use of this kind of reflector for high solar energy generation. Energy supply for domestic activities had been a major problem faced by both rural and city dwellers for a long time now in Africa. It was therefore desirable to design and construct a solar Fresnel reflector and a tracking stand that can be used to generate heat from the sun for cooking, baking and distillation purposes. The reflector and the tracking stand designed and constructed was able to concentrate solar energy within a regional diameter of 10cm and could be used to raise the temperature of any object placed at its focal region. It was discovered that the heat generated is directly proportional to both the perfection of the collector design, its construction, the quality of the reflectors e.g plain mirror, the area exposed to the sun and the solar intensity of the day.
Solar energy is most abundantly available on earth surface and it's a constant stream of energy, and is directly available as fuel for Generation of electrical power. Solar energy uses is increasing day to day in large quantity now a day, applications like solar based Lighting system, solar cooking applications, water heating etc. For STEAM GENERATION SYSTEM, which is new concept because with the use of Evacuated tube and Fresnel lens we adapt very High concentrated focused thermal heat which uses to produce superheated steam. Also there are no losses of solar rays.
STUDY OF SOLAR THERMAL CAVITY RECEIVER FOR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR ijiert bestjournal
Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
Basics about environmental pollution: types of pollutants, causes of pollution, consequences of pollution, human health effects, greenhouse effect, global warming, etc.
Size reduction In Food Processing
Introduction, Principle of size reduction, Forces used in Size Reduction, Energy requirements in Size Reduction, Size reduction equipment,
Kick’s law, Rittinger’s law, Bond’s law
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Focusing type solar collector
1. PRESENTATION
ON
FOCUSING TYPE SOLAR COLLECTORS
Session:2018-2019
Presented by:
Maga Ram Patel
DEPARTMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING
College of Technology and Engineering
Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology
Udaipur - 313001
2. INTRODUCTION:
Focusing collector is a device to collect solar energy
with high intensity of solar radiation on the energy
absorbing surface.
A focusing collector is a special form of flat collector
modified by introducing a reflecting ( or refracting)
surface (concentrator) between the solar radiations and
the absorber.
Focusing collectors can have radiation increases from
low value of 1.5 to 2, high values of the order of 10,000.
Reach temperature up to 450-500 ⁰C.
Receivers can be convex, flat, cylindrical or concave
and can be covered with glazing or uncovered.
4. SOLAR CONCENTRATORS AND RECEIVER GEOMETRIES:
There is wide variety of means for increasing the flux of radiation on
receivers.
They can be classified on basis of:
lenses or reflectors
By the types of mounting and orienting systems
By the concentration of the radiation they are able to
accomplish
By materials used of construction, or by orientation
Concentrator is a component used to increase the intensity of
energy flux on a receiver.
Concentration ratio (CR): it is the ratio of the area of the
concentrator aperture to the energy absorbing area of the
receiver.
CR = Aa/Ar
It is determines the effectiveness of a concentrator.
5. SOME POSSIBLE FOCUSING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:
1.Plane Reflector and Plane Receiver
Type: that both reflector and receiver
are plane. The concentration ratios are
relatively low, with maximum value of
four or less than four.
2.Conical Reflector and Cylindrical
Receiver Type: this system in which
reflector is conical and receiver is
cylindrical. Concentration ratio is little
higher than that of first case, it may be
of the order of 10.
6. 3. Fresnel Reflector: This consists of a parabolic shape
reflector made up of small segments.
The advantage of linear Fresnel lenses is that the
convenient mass production technique of extrusion of
thermoplastic materials can be applied to their fabrication.
A concentration ratio of about 10 is obtainable using them.
7.
8. 4) Parabolic system: In a system consisting of a paraboloid
or a parabolic mirror and having receiver at its focal point.
The concentration ratios are very high and therefore can
be used where high temperatures are required. In
cylindrical system , the concentration ratio is lower than
paraboloid counterparts.
In both the cases the receiver is placed at the focus, i.e.
along the focal line in cylindrical parabolic system and at
the focus point in paraboloidal system.
9. TYPES OF CONCENTRATING OR FOCUSING COLLECTORS:
There are two methods by which the sun motion can be
readily tracked.
1. The first is the altazimuth method which requires the
tracking device to turn in both altitude and azimuth.
Paraboloidal solar collectors generally use this system.
2. The second one is the one-axis tracking in which the
collector tracks the sun in only one direction either from
east to west or from north to south.
Parabolic trough collectors (PTC) generally use this system.
These systems require continuous and adjustment to
compensate for the changes in the sun orientation.
10. LINE FOCUS COLLECTORS:
These collectors, sometimes known
as parabolic troughs, use highly
reflective materials to collect and
concentrate the heat energy from
solar radiation.
These collectors are composed of
parabolically shaped reflective
sections connected into a long
trough.
A pipe that carries water is placed in
the center of this trough so that
sunlight collected by the reflective
material is focused onto the pipe,
heating the contents.
These are very high powered
collectors and are thus generally
used to generate steam for Solar
thermal power plants.
11. POINT FOCUS COLLECTORS:
These collectors are large
parabolic dishes composed of
some reflective material that
focus the Sun's energy onto a
single point.
The heat from these collectors
is generally used for
driving Stirling engines.
Although very effective at
collecting sunlight, they must
actively track the Sun across
the sky to be of any value.
These dishes can work alone
or be combined into an array
to gather even more energy
from the Sun.
12. TYPES OF CONCENTRATING OR FOCUSING
COLLECTORS:
There are different types of concentrating or focusing
collector depending upon the concentrator and receiver
geometries.
There are as Follows:
Cylindrical parabolic collector.
Central receiver collector.
Compound parabolic collector
13. CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC COLLECTOR:
It is a system consisting of a parabolic reflector and having
receiver at its focal point.
The concentration ratios are very high and therefore can be
used where high temperatures are required.
In a cylindrical system, the concentration ratio is lower than
paraboloid counterparts.
In both the cases the receiver is placed at the focus, i.e.
along the focal line in cylindrical parabolic system and at
the focus point in paraboloidal system.
The parabolic geometry is given by the relation
Y2 = 4aX
where a = semi major axis.
15. a) Basic geometry of a parabolic
cylinder mirror.
b) Basic geometry of a
paraboloid
16. CENTRAL RECEIVER COLLECTOR:
The concept of central receiver collector is simple.
In order to avoid the cost and heat losses in transporting a
working fluid to a central location, use of sunlight itself as
the transfer medium is proposed.
To implement the concept, one needs a field of mirrors
provided with the means of directing reflected sunlight to a
central location, or a location at one edge of the field of
mirrors.
In the typical central receiver, the reflector is composed of
many smaller mirrors each with its own heliostat to follow
the sun.
The heliostat are generally located in the horizontal plane,
but when the situation is favourable, can simply follow the
existing terrain.
17. The basic difference between a
single mirror concentrator and
the heliostat system is that the
heliostat system has a dilute
mirror.
This diluteness is generally
termed as the fill factor.
A central receiver with a fill
factor of 40% means that 40%
of the land area is covered by
mirrors.
Schematic arrangement of
central receiver- heliostat array.
18. COMPOUND PARABOLIC COLLECTOR (CPC) OR
WINSTON COLLECTOR:
It is possible to concentrate solar radiation by a factor of
10 without diurnal tracking using this type of collector.
A compound parabolic concentrating collector is show in
Fig. ( in next slide)
It consists of two parabolic reflectors which funnel the
radiation from aperture to absorber.
The right and left half belong to different parabolas
(hence the name compound parabolic concentrator).
The axis of the right branch, for instance, makes an
angle Ѳc , with the collector mid plane, and its focus is at
A. At the end points C and D, the slope is parallel to the
collector mid-plane.
19. The compound parabolic
collector developed by
Winston represents what may
be called as ideal
concentrator in the sense that
for a given field of view it
achieves the maximum
possible concentration ratio
given by:
CR = W/b = 1/SinѲc
Where,
W = entrance aperature
b = exit aperture, covered by
the absorber
Ѳc = field of view (half angle)
20. ADVANTAGE OF CONCENTRATING TYPE COLLECTORS:
Surface required less material or provide high collection
of radiation.
For a concentrator system the cost per unit area of solar
collecting surface is therefore potentially less than that of
the flat-plate collector.
Heat loss rate is less than flat-plate collection low
maintenance.
Can be used for power generation
We can get high concentration or radiation.
Litter or no antifreeze is required to protect the absorber
in concentrator systems.
21. DISADVANTAGE OF CONCENTRATING TYPE COLLECTORS:
Only beam radiation collected because diffuse component
cannot be reflected and is thus lost.
Additional requirement of maintenance particularly to retain
the quality of reflecting surface against dirt, weather,
oxidation etc.
Non- uniform flux on the absorber whereas flux in flat-plate
collector is uniform.
Additional optical losses such as reflectance loss and the
intercept loss, so they introduce additional factors in
energy balances.
These disadvantage have restricted the utility of focusing
collectors and no long time practical applications of
focusing collectors other than for furnaces are being made.