1. The document discusses the differences between thinking and structuring when presenting ideas. Thinking involves drawing valid conclusions from facts and data through deduction or induction, while avoiding logical defects. Structuring provides a clear hierarchy and order for ideas with the main conclusion first and supporting points ordered below. 2. Guidelines are provided for both thinking and structuring information. For thinking, one should be aware of assumptions, draw valid conclusions through logical reasoning, and avoid jumping to conclusions or oversimplifying. For structuring, a hierarchy from main ideas to specific supporting points should be used and ideas ordered by importance, time, or a direct approach.

1. 1. THINKING VERSUS1. THINKING VERSUS
STRUCTURINGSTRUCTURING
THINKINGTHINKING
Draw valid
Conclusion
STRUCTURINSTRUCTURIN
GG
Stress
Conclusion
(Main Point)
Clearly Ordered Supporting Points
Clearly Ordered Supporting Points
Clearly Ordered Supporting Points
Random Ordered by Hierarchy
Analysis
Ideas
Assumptions
DataSynthesis
Facts Details

2. 2. GUIDELINES FOR THINKING2. GUIDELINES FOR THINKING
2.1 Be Aware of Your Assumptions
2.2 Draw Valid Conclusions
a. Deduction
b. Induction
2.3 Avoid Logical Defects
a. Don’t jump to conclusion too fast
b. Don’t hide behind false ideas
c. Don’t oversimplify

3. GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
SPECIFIC
SITUATION
CONCLUSION
APPLY
TO
DRAW
DEDUCTION

4. Facts
Observation
s Ideas
SPECIFICS
GENERALIZE
SPECIFIC
SITUATION
CONCLUSION
APPLY TO
DRAW
INDUCTION

5. AUDIENCE MEMORY CURVEAUDIENCE MEMORY CURVE
Time ---------------------------
High
(a) Retention
(b) Interest &
Desire
Low

6. IDEA CHARTIDEA CHART
Main Idea
Supporting point Supporting point Supporting point
Sub points Sub points Sub points

7. 3.3. Guidelines for StructuringGuidelines for Structuring
3.1 Provide a Hierarchy for your Ideas
a. Stress Conclusion (Main or first-level points)
b. Divide into Second-level points
c. Divide into lower-level points
3.2 Put your Ideas in order
a. For Explanatory Ideas
i. time
ii. components
iii. importance
b. For Action Ideas
i. direct approach
ii. Indirect approach