Obesity is caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure over time. It is measured by BMI and classified as normal, overweight, obese class 1-3, or morbidly obese. Obesity has physical consequences like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, psychological effects like depression and anxiety, and social impacts like discrimination. Treatments include pharmacotherapy to reduce appetite or absorption and surgery for severe cases, while prevention emphasizes diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes. Successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach and lifelong changes.

1. university year
Prepared by :
- Examined by:
Miss: belkhane

2. work Plan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Introduction
Measure of obesity
BMI and obesity
Causes of obesity
Consequences
Treatments
Prevention
Definition
Conclusion

3. Our survival skills are killing us. The human body has
evolved into a fat-hoarding machine. Food that our
bodies don’t immediately use for energy gets quickly
stored as fat, and we convert this fat back into fuel for
our brains and muscles when food is scarce. This was a
great thing for our ancestors who didn’t know when their
next meal would be. But for us, with our drive-through
restaurants and jam-packed junk food aisles, this
survival mechanism is wreaking havoc on our health.

4. ??
Problematic ?
What Is Obesity
And How To
Avoid It

5. 1- Definition
Obesity is essentially a disorder of your
metabolism and is caused by an
imbalance between energy intake and
energy expenditure over a long period of
time. In other words, you are consuming
more calories or energy than you are
burning through exercise and daily
activities. Treatment of obesity therefore
aims to restore this energy balance.

6. 2 - measure of obesity
BMI = Weight / Height2
(Kg / m2)
Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body
fat based on height and weight that applies to
adult men and women.
BMI is calculated when your weight in
kilograms is divided by your height in
meters squared. You can calculate your BMI
by using a calculator provided by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

7. 3. BMI and obesity
FINISH
Obesity can be classified according to BMI :
Normal weight
overweight
obese (class 1)
morbid obesity (class 2)

8. 4.Causes of obesity
• A bad diet is not the only thing that causes obesity. But it is one of
them. If you eat foods that contain things like high fructose corny
syrup regularly (fast food contains a ton of it!), you are putting your
body at risk for obesity.
• There are many ingredients in everyday foods that are simply not
natural. If your body cannot process these ingredients in a timely
fashion, it can cause you to gain weight over time. In addition, if you
don't get enough exercise on a regular basis, obesity may be in your
future. These aren't the only causes of obesity, though. There are
some diseases, like hypothyroidism, that can impact your weight.
Hypothyroidism is a disease that affects the hormones produced by
your thyroid gland. When this happens, your metabolism is impacted
and you can gain a lot of weight over a short period of time. So there
are some factors that are outside of your control that can cause
obesity.

9. B –Psychological
consequences
5 - Consequences
A – physical
consequences
C –Social
Consequences

10. A- the physical effects of
obesity
Type 2 diabetes
diabete
• high blood
pressure ;
• Venous
insufficiency.
Cardiovascular
disease
Touches the lower
part of the body:
- ankles ;
- the feet.
Osteoarthritis:

11. B psychological
consequences
Studies have shown that obesity can lead to
psychological problems such as:
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Low quality of life
 Low self-esteem
 Body dissatisfaction

12. C – Social Consequences
L
L
 More likely to suffer from
prejudice and discrimination
in some situations (for
example employment, travel,
schooling, healthcare, retail
etc) .
 Fewer friends .
 Lower educational
attainment .
 Lower employment .

13. 6- Treatments of obesity
A- Pharmacotherapy B- Surgery

14. A – Pharmacotherapy
 Several weight loss drugs have been marketed to date which
work by either suppressing the appetite (e.g. Sibutramine –
Reductil) or reducing absorption of fats (e.g. Orlistat – Xenical).
 These drugs should always be prescribed by a medical
professional.
 These agents can cause weight loss of up to 10% of body weight.
 In addition many of these drugs can have nasty side effects
(such as diarrhea) and are still being investigated in clinical
trials.

15. 1 2
3
B- Surgery
1- You must
however consider
the operative risks
associated with
each of the
procedures.
Surgical treatments tend to be considered if you are morbidly obese
(defined as a BMI greater than 40).
2-If you are
markedly obese
with co-
morbidities,
surgery is
considered the
only available
treatment that
can reliably
produce
significant and
sustained
weight loss.
3-Surgical procedures
may help you lose up
to 30-40kg of excess
weight; however this
is only achieved if you
adhere to the required
lifestyle changes.

16. 11
- Incorporating
more natural
foods into your
diet, drinking
more water .
- Know and
avoid the food
traps that cause
you to eat.
- You should
have a
diverse and
balanced diet
- Exercise regularly, You
need to get 150 to 300
minutes of moderate-
intensity activity a week
to prevent weight gain.
7- Prevention
2 3 4
2
3
4

17. Conclusion
• Whilst surgery is becoming increasingly common for the
treatment of obesity, diet, exercise and long-term lifestyle changes
remain the cornerstone of treatment. Surgery should only be
considered if you are morbidly obese with significant weight
related health problems. Successful treatment of obesity therefore
requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach with input
from a variety of health professionals including dieticians,
physicians, physiotherapists, surgeons and
psychologists/psychiatrists.
• In order to achieve long term weight loss you are required to
make lifetime changes in your eating and exercise behaviours. In
the future, the government may also be able to help treat the
obesity epidemic by altering the environment we live in. Strategies
and public health campaigns to produce an environment that
supports healthy eating and physical activity throughout the
community are needed.