Sara, a 32-year-old divorced woman from Rwanda, presented with obesity and related health issues including high blood pressure and abnormal blood test results. After receiving education on nutrition, exercise, and diabetes from her physician, Sara was motivated to lose weight to improve her health. Over the following months, Sara lost weight through diet and increased physical activity, seeing improvements in her blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and overall energy and motivation. Obesity is an increasing public health issue in Rwanda due to rising consumption of unhealthy foods and drinks, lack of physical activity, and cultural views associating excess weight with wealth. Both individual lifestyle changes and government efforts to promote healthier food options and physical activity are needed to address obesity
Nih causes of weight gain and obesity and strategies and help losing weightPrab Tumpati
NIH comprehensive report on causes of weight gain, and strategies to deal with obesity and overweight.
Please feel free to share this free, public domain information
Thank you.
W8MD Medical Weight Loss Centers
This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
Nih causes of weight gain and obesity and strategies and help losing weightPrab Tumpati
NIH comprehensive report on causes of weight gain, and strategies to deal with obesity and overweight.
Please feel free to share this free, public domain information
Thank you.
W8MD Medical Weight Loss Centers
This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
With obesity comes serious health, economic, and social consequences. Systems4PT explains these implications and the realities of obesity in the United States.
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in your body, and from that definition you can notice that, obesity is not about more weight, it's about more fat .
you will find in his presentation:(Body mass index (BMI),causes,Waist–hip ratio,Childhood obesity,complications and treatment)
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its ManagementTerry Patterson
_________________________________________
Terry L. Patterson
Director of Distance Learning
South Arkansas Community College
PO Box 7010
El Dorado, Arkansas 71731
(870) 864-8406 - 800-955-2289 ext. 406
Weight Management Pharmaceutical Services
Obesity and Overweight: Definition, causes, prevention
Obese and Overweight patient counseling guidelines
Exercise, Physical activities for obese and overweight people
With obesity comes serious health, economic, and social consequences. Systems4PT explains these implications and the realities of obesity in the United States.
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in your body, and from that definition you can notice that, obesity is not about more weight, it's about more fat .
you will find in his presentation:(Body mass index (BMI),causes,Waist–hip ratio,Childhood obesity,complications and treatment)
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its ManagementTerry Patterson
_________________________________________
Terry L. Patterson
Director of Distance Learning
South Arkansas Community College
PO Box 7010
El Dorado, Arkansas 71731
(870) 864-8406 - 800-955-2289 ext. 406
Weight Management Pharmaceutical Services
Obesity and Overweight: Definition, causes, prevention
Obese and Overweight patient counseling guidelines
Exercise, Physical activities for obese and overweight people
Abdominal obesity : the risks factors .Redustim, a medical device solutionCOSMOSOFT SAS
Redustim is a class 2a medical device based on an innovative procedure that uses BioMagnetic action to gradually reduce harmful abdominal fat. The 100% hands-free treatment delivers visible results after 12 x 30 minute sessions. ReduStim is suitable for all patients who want to reduce their waist size. Clinical tests show an average reduction of more than 6 cm.
Management Options for the Obesity Crisis Robert Ruotolo
It is a fact that about 74 percent of the adult U.S. population age
20 years and older is either overweight or obese.1
Overweight and obese are categorical continuums of being above
normal weight based on body mass index (BMI) calculation. This
has serious health implications for all Americans, not to mention
the huge medical cost implications associated with obesity,
estimated at $168.4 billion, or 16.5 percent of national spending
on medical care for U.S. adult noninstitutionalized population.2
The percentage of obese people has increased significantly in a
little over a decade. In 1994 the rate was 22.9 percent, and it rose
to 30.5 percent in 2000 and 34 percent in 2005.1
People who are obese spend at least $2,800 (2005 dollars) more
annually for medical care than normal weight people.2
Increase in obesity prevalence alone accounts for 12 percent of
the growth in health spending.3
5 steps for fast and easy weight loss and wellnessweight-loss-diet
Here are 5 simple and easy steps to lose weight. Understanding why you may be gaining weight is the key to lose weight. For most people, the cause of weight gain is not overeating but metabolic factors such as insulin resistance.
This is a presentation i gave to an audience consisting of consultants, project manager, BA's about why making ones HEALTH a priority is a GREAT idea.
First section analyizes the current "Weigth of the Nation" and the causes of obesity and overweigt and in the second section i give you all the tools to needed to put an action plan into place to life a healthier and more productive life.
The information is a collection from; WHO, Precision Nutrition, and various.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
5. Clinical course
Physician educated her about basic
nutrition, exercise tips and diabetes
Patient motivated to decrease weight when
she understood that all of her medical
problems could possible be resolved by
weight loss.
6. Monthly summary progress
Month weight BP Notes
1 110 146/94
2 100 138/90 Feeling
motivated,
taking stairs at
work, feels
healthier and
report having
more energy
3 91 125/80 Patient
continues to be
motivated, do
well
4 85 128/80 Patients blood
sugar improving.
9. Obesity is defined as excess of adipose tissue that imparts
Health risk ,It means too much of body fat.
10. BMI
Most widely used method to evaluate obesity is BMI.
Which is equal to weight in kg by height in square
meter i.e., wt/(ht)2.
For a healthy individual BMI value ranges from 18-
25.
11. BMI Classification
Normal 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight 25.0 - 29.9
Obesity
I 30.0 - 34.9
II 35.0 - 39.9
III > 40.0
12. Global Health burden of obesity
The latest WHO projections indicate that at
least one in three of the world's adult
population is overweight and almost one in
10 is obese. Additionally there are over 20
million children under age five who are
overweight.
13. Global Health burden of obesity
Overweight and obesity are important
clinical and public health burdens
worldwide.
WHO recommends that national programs
for prevention and treatment of overweight,
obesity and related comorbidities and
mortalities should be a public health priority
15. Obesity Virtually Guarantees Bad
Health
Diseases Tied to Obesity
Hypertension Some cancers
Type 2 diabetes Osteoarthritis
High lipids Stroke
Cardiovascular disease Respiratory disease
Gallbladder disease etc..
16. The good news is that overweight and obesity
are largely preventable.
What Are the secrets?
17. Regular Physical Activity is the key.
Improves maintenance of
weight loss
Improves cardiovascular
and other health risks
18. When one walks on the streets of Kigali,
you see an increased number of obese
people. The thought that first comes to your
mind is “These people should start
exercising.” But then, after seeing people
exercise and stay the same, the question
comes whether exercise alone really helps
in losing the extra and unwanted kilos.
19. Exercises alone do not help much.
35
Men
30
Loss of Fat-Free Mass
(% Total Weight Loss)
Women
25
20
15
10
5
0
Exercises Exercises plus Diet
20. To be clear!
Regular physical activity is
very good to keep healthy.
But when it comes to weight
loss, exercise alone won’t
help. It will be effective if
coupled with a sensible diet.
21. What is the situation in our
country?
A survey done in Rwanda and published in
2005 by the WHO showed that among
women 15 to 49 years old who had given
birth, 12.5% were overweight (with a body
mass index of 25kg/m2 and be-yond), with
1.3% being obese (with a body mass index
of 30kg/m2 and beyond).
22. Survey Year(s): 2000.
Survey Population: national, both urban and rural women who have
given birth from 2000 to 2005
23. Growing tendency of obesity in
Rwanda
Many people especially in Africa are found
of being fat.
In Rwanda, fatness is associated with
financial ability and as it is a country which
is rapidly developing ,obesity tend also to
increase.
However, being obese is a risk to health!
24. Causes of obesity in Rwanda
Increase of beverages and food from
industries in public service venues
Fear of loosing weight
Insufficient physical education in school
Genetic factors
Lack of education
25. Challenges and barriers faced in Rwanda
regarding obesity
Lifestyle changes
Cultural behaviours
Poverty
Urbanization
26. What measures can the governement take to
reduce obesity?
1 The government Should Increase and improve
Availability of Healthier Food in Public Service Venues.
The government Should Increase Opportunities for
2
Extracurricular Physical Activity.
The government Should Increase Physical
3 Education in Schools.
27. Our Responsibility
Educate ourselves on
available options for
obese clients.
Make sure patients
are aware of the risks
involved.
28. What can our community and individuals
do to reduce obesity?
Discourage consumption of sugar
1 sweetened beverages
Increase support for breast feeding
2
Participate in community coalitions or partnership to
3 address obesity
4 Enhance walking for short distance
29. Summary
Obesity in itself is preventable but it cannot be
managed solely at the individual
level.Communities,governments and medical
proffessionals need to work together to modify the
environment so that it is less conductive to weight
gain.
Benefits of regular physical activity in obese persons Regular physical activity is an important component of any weight loss program because it is associated with long-term weight maintenance and has beneficial health effects, such as decreasing coronary heart disease and diabetes, that are independent of weight loss itself. The important physiological and clinical issues regarding the use of physical activity as part of obesity therapy will be reviewed in this section.
Physical activity helps preserve fat-free mass during weight loss Approximately 75% of weight that is lost by dieting is composed of fat and 25% is fat-free mass (FFM) [1]. Adding a physical activity program to dietary therapy can affect the composition of weight loss. Two meta-analyses that pooled data from 46 [1] and 28 [2] published trials found that exercise can attenuate the loss of FFM. In subjects with a mean weight loss of 10 kg, regular exercise decreased the percentage of weight lost as FFM by half, from approximately 28% to 13% in men and from 24% to 11% in women ( P <0.05). However, this large difference in percentage of weight lost as FFM represented only a small (approximately 1 kg) difference in the absolute amount of FFM lost between groups. Moreover, conservation of FFM does not necessarily represent conservation of muscle protein; the greater retention of FFM associated with exercise may be related to increased retention of body water and muscle glycogen. It is not known whether performing resistance exercise while dieting leads to greater conservation of FFM than performing endurance exercise because of limited and conflicting data [3,4]. Ballor DL, Poehlman ET. Exercise-training enhances fat-free mass preservation during diet-induced weight loss: a meta-analytical finding. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994;18:35-40. Garrow JS, Summerbell CD. Meta-analysis: effect of exercise, with or without dieting, on the body composition of overweight subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49:1-10. Wadden TA, Vogt RA, Anderson RE, et al. Exercise in the treatment of obesity: effects of four interventions on body composition, resting energy expenditure, appetite and mood. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65:269-277. Geliebter A, Maher MM, Gerace L, et al. Effects of strength or aerobic training on body composition, resting metabolic rate, and peak oxygen consumption in obese dieting subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:557-563.
Five steps to facilitate behavior change Five steps that clinical practitioners can take to facilitate behavior changes in their patients are: 1. Identify the specific behavior change that is desired. 2. Review when, where, and how the new behaviors will be performed. 3. Instruct the patient to keep a record of the behavior change. 4. Review the patient’s progress at each treatment visit. 5. Congratulate the patient on successes that have been achieved, but do not criticize failures. Criticism may cause embarrassment and a loss of self-esteem, which may make it uncomfortable for the patient to continue treatment. Wadden TA, Foster GD. Behavioral treatment of obesity. Med Clin North Am 2000;84:441-461.
Five steps to facilitate behavior change Five steps that clinical practitioners can take to facilitate behavior changes in their patients are: 1. Identify the specific behavior change that is desired. 2. Review when, where, and how the new behaviors will be performed. 3. Instruct the patient to keep a record of the behavior change. 4. Review the patient’s progress at each treatment visit. 5. Congratulate the patient on successes that have been achieved, but do not criticize failures. Criticism may cause embarrassment and a loss of self-esteem, which may make it uncomfortable for the patient to continue treatment. Wadden TA, Foster GD. Behavioral treatment of obesity. Med Clin North Am 2000;84:441-461.