2. Nutrition Waleed K.
By the end of this session, students should be able to:
Define the term of survey.
Describe nutritional assessment.
Outline methods of nutritional assessment.
Recognise nutritional survey.
3. Nutrition Waleed K.
Survey is a method of collecting information by
asking questions; interviews are done face-to-face
with people at home, in school, or at work, some
times questions are sent in the mail for people to
answer and mail back. Increasingly, surveys are
conducted by telephone.
4. Nutrition Waleed K.
A paper form to be filled in by the respondent.
A questionnaire is a research instrument
consisting of a series of questions for the purpose
of gathering information from respondents.
Although they are often designed for statistical
analysis of the responses, this is not always the
case.
5. Nutrition Waleed K.
Nutritional assessment can be defined in general :
is the interpretation of anthropometric,
biochemical (laboratory), clinical and dietary data
to determine whether a person or groups of
people are well nourished or malnourished (over-
nourished or under-nourished).
6. Nutrition Waleed K.
The purpose of nutritional assessment is to:
Identify individuals or population groups at risk
of becoming malnourished.
Identify individuals or population groups who
are malnourished.
To develop health care programs that meet the
community needs.
To measure the effectiveness of the nutritional
programs & intervention once initiated.
8. Nutrition Waleed K.
These are summarized as ABCD:
1. Anthropometric methods
2. Biochemical, laboratory methods
3. Clinical methods
4. Dietary evaluation methods
9. Nutrition Waleed K.
These include three categories:
1) Ecological variables including crop
production.
2) Economic factors e.g. per capita income,
population density & social habits.
3) Vital health statistics particularly infant
& under 5 mortality & fertility index.
10. Nutrition Waleed K.
Anthropometry is the measurement
of body height, weight &
proportions.
It is used to evaluate both under &
over nutrition.
11. Nutrition Waleed K.
1. Mid-arm circumference
2. Skin fold thickness
3. Head circumference
4. Head/chest ratio
5. Hip/waist ratio
12. Nutrition Waleed K.
It is an essential types of all nutritional
surveys.
It is the simplest & most practical method of
determining the nutritional status of a group
of individuals.
It utilizes a number of physical signs, (specific
& non specific), that are known to be
associated with malnutrition and deficiency of
vitamins & micronutrients.
14. Nutrition Waleed K.
Children aged 0 to 59 months or 6 to 59
months.
Pregnant/lactating women.
Poor/vulnerable households.
Elderly?
Others who are nutritionally vulnerable?
15. Nutrition Waleed K.
Nutrition surveillance involves a cycle of:
Assessment of the situation which defines
the nutrition problem in terms of size and
distribution.
Analysis of the causes of malnutrition are
explored.
Action is the stage of implementation of
recommendations resulting from the
Analysis.
16. Nutrition Waleed K.
During the early stages of the emergency
situation usually after 2 weeks.
Through existing programs.
As part of surveillance programs.
17. Nutrition Waleed K.
The international standard for assessing body
size in adults is the body mass index (BMI).
BMI is computed using the following formula:
BMI = Weight (kg)/ Height (m²).
Evidence shows that high BMI (obesity level) is
associated with type 2 diabetes & high risk of
cardiovascular morbidity & mortality.
19. Nutrition Waleed K.
Waist circumference predicts mortality better than any
other anthropometric measurement.
It has been proposed that waist measurement alone
can be used to assess obesity, and two levels of risk
have been identified.
MALES FEMALE
LEVEL 1 > 94cm > 80cm
LEVEL2 > 102cm > 88cm
20. Nutrition Waleed K.
Nutritional intake of humans is assessed by five
different methods. These are:
24 hours dietary recall
Food frequency questionnaire
Dietary history since early life
Food dairy technique
Observed food consumption
21. Nutrition Waleed K.
It is precise and accurate.
It is useful in detecting early
changes in body metabolism.
22. Nutrition Waleed K.
Time consuming
Expensive
Needs trained personnel & facilities
