NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
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This document contains a worksheet with questions about nutrition in animals. Section A contains one-word answers about the largest gland, chambers of the stomach, movements in the digestive canal, organs that mix or store fluids, outgrowths in the intestines, types of partially digested food, enzymes, undigestible carbohydrates, and where absorption occurs. Section B asks multi-part questions about stomach protection, ruminants, villi and their function, and three digestive glands and their functions.
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This word document is to show the path of a peice of food from the moment we put in our mouth to the moment is turnrt into feces.
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enjoy!!
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- How the circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. Oxygenated blood is kept separate from deoxygenated blood to efficiently deliver oxygen to tissues.
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Amoeba is a unicellular animal that feeds through phagocytosis, the process of ingesting bacteria, diatoms, algae, and other protozoa using finger-like pseudopodia. Nutrients from consumed food are broken down inside a digestive vacuole and absorbed by the amoeba through a process that includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion of waste, all performed by the single cell. Pseudopodia secrete a toxic fluid to kill prey before forming a food vacuole around it.
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Human digestive system
Human digestive system structure and function
overview
Major organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Acessory organs:
Liver
gall bladder
Pancreas.
Human digestive system
Major organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine.
Acessory organs:
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas.
MAJOR ORGANS The Mouth
pH: 7
The first part of the digestive system
the entry point of food.
Structures in the mouth that aids digestion
Teeth – cut, tear, crush and grind food.
Salivary glands – produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity.
saliva
moistens the food
contains enzymes (ptyalin or salivary amylase)
begins digestion of starch into smaller polysaccharides.
Function:
Mechanical digestion.
increasing surface area for faster chemical digestion.
The Esophagus
a tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
running through the Thoracic cavity.
Location:
lies behind windpipe (Trachea).
The trachea has as an epiglottis
preventing food from entering the windpipe,
moving the food to the esophagus while swallowing.
Food travels down the esophagus, through a series of involuntary rhythmic contractions (wave-like) called peristalsis.
Function:
The lining of the esophagus secretes mucus
lubricating
to support the movement of food.
Esophageal sphincter:
bolus reaches the stomach
must pass through a muscular ringed valve called the esophageal sphincter (Cardiac Sphincter).
Function:
prevent stomach acids from back flowing into the esophagus.
Stomach
J-shaped muscular sac
Has inner folds (rugae)
Increasing surface area of the stomach.
Function:
Stomach performs mechanical digestion
HOW By churning the bolus and mixing it with the gastric juices
secreted by the lining of the stomach.
GASTRIC JUICES HCl, salts, enzymes, water and mucus)
HCL helps break down of food and kills bacteria that came along with the food.
The bolus is now called Chyme.
Enzymes in stomach:
Acidic environment
HCl secreation
kill any microbes that are found in the bolus,
creating a pH of 2.
Mucus prevents the stomach from digesting itself.
Pepsin secreation
responsible for initiating the breakdown of proteins (in )food.
hydrolyzes proteins to yield polypeptides.
pH is 2, the enzyme from the salivary glands stops breaking down carbohydrates.
Pyloric sphincter:
chyme moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
It passes through a muscular ringed sphincter called the pyloric sphincter.
stomach does not digest itself Why ?
Protective Mechanism:
three protective mechanisms.
First the stomach only secretes small amounts of gastric juices until food is present.
Second the secretion of mucus coats the lining of the stomach protecting it from the gastric juices.
The third mechanism is the digestive enzyme pepsin is secreted in an inactive protein c
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Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. There are two stages of digestion: physical/mechanical digestion which breaks food into smaller pieces using teeth and peristalsis, and chemical digestion where enzymes break down food further. Digestion begins in the mouth and stomach and is completed in the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and liver break proteins, fats and carbohydrates into amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars. The digested nutrients are then absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported to cells to be used for energy, building molecules, or stored. Undigested matter then moves to the large intestine where water
Nutrition in animal
The document discusses the process of digestion in humans. It begins with an overview of digestion and its functions. It then describes the mechanical and chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The small intestine contains villi and microvilli that increase absorption surface area. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas produce enzymes and bile to aid digestion. The document also provides a brief overview of digestion in grass-eating animals like cows and the single-celled amoeba.
Nutrition in Amoeba and Human Beings
The process of nutrition in amoeba involves ingestion of food particles using pseudopodia, digestion of the food within a food vacuole by enzymes, absorption of digested materials into the cytoplasm, assimilation of nutrients to gain energy and materials for growth and repair, and egestion of undigested waste. Nutrition in humans similarly involves ingestion through the mouth, digestion of food through secretion of enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, absorption of digested nutrients in the small intestine, assimilation of nutrients by cells, and egestion of undigested waste through the large intestine and rectum.
Digestive system introduction
1. The document discusses a seminar on the digestive system, listing 4 students who presented on topics related to the digestive system, including the introduction and functions, functional anatomy, functions of primary digestive organs, and the functions of the mouth and properties of saliva.
2. It provides learning outcomes of presenting the functions of the digestive system and accessory organs.
3. The presentations include details on the introduction and functions of the digestive system, functional anatomy outlining the primary and accessory digestive organs, and the functions of the mouth and properties/composition of saliva.
Biology.sumepro
This document provides an overview of the human digestive system and the process of digestion. It discusses the main parts of the digestive system including the mouth, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. It describes the role of each organ in further breaking down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Key enzymes and fluids involved in digestion at each stage are also outlined, such as saliva in the mouth, gastric juices in the stomach, bile from the liver and pancreatic juices. The small intestine is highlighted as the primary site of nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.
Acc organs digestion
The document summarizes the key functions of structures in the digestive system, including the tongue, salivary glands, teeth, swallowing process, stomach, and accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It describes how the tongue aids in tasting, speaking, swallowing and manipulating food. Saliva contains enzymes and mucus to begin digesting carbohydrates and lubricate food. The teeth grind and chew food into a bolus for swallowing. The stomach contains glands that secrete acid and enzymes to digest proteins and the liver and gallbladder produce bile to emulsify fats.
Digestive System
The document discusses the digestive system and its functions. It describes the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, and the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract. Key parts of the digestive system discussed include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The document provides information on the roles and functions of these different parts of the digestive system.
Digestive system
The document summarizes the human digestive system in three parts. It describes the four main parts of digestion as ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. It then explains the two types of digestion - mechanical and chemical digestion. Finally, it provides an overview of the major organs that make up the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas and their functions in digesting food.
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