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Cardiovascular system- Fernando / Nov 2009
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- 2. What’s in red bloodcells white blood cells platelets plasma carbon dioxide digested food waste (urea) hormones oxygen
- 3. Functions of BloodSystem • Transport: to and from tissue cells – • Nutrients to cells: amino acids, glucose, vitamins, minerals, lipids (as lipoproteins). – • Oxygen: by red blood corpuscles (oxyhaemoglobin - 4 x O2 molecules/haemoglobin). – • Wastes from cells: urea, CO2 (mainly as HCO3 in solution in the plasma). • Temperature Regulation: by altering the blood flow through the skin. • Immunity: protection against pathogens — blood clotting; phagocytes, lymphocytes and antibodies distributed in blood. • Communication: hormones distributed to all parts of the body in the blood. • Defence: clotting following a wound
- 4. The Blood plasma red bloodcell white blood cell platelets
- 5. Red Blood Cells containhaemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries. a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus
- 6. White Blood Cells thereare many different types and all contain a big nucleus. the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages. some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons. macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro- organisms .
- 7. Platelets Platelets are bitsof cell broken off larger cells. Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.
- 8. Plasma A straw- coloured liquid that carriesthe cells and the platelets which help blood clot. • carbon dioxide • glucose • amino acids • proteins • minerals • vitamins • hormones • waste materials like urea. It also contains useful things like;
- 9. Make a mindmap to explain what is in blood?
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- 12. The circulatorysystem carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body. Function of the circulatory system
- 13. The Heartpumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called blood vessels. The Heart has the job of pumping these things around the body. The Heart and blood vessels together make up the Circulatory System.
- 14. lungs head & arms liver digestivesystem kidneys legs pulmonary artery aorta pulmonary vein main vein LeftRight How does this system work? Circulatory System
- 15. Lungs Body cells Our circulatorysystem is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts. the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.
- 16. Why do wesay we have a double circulatory system? What is the Pulmonary circuit? What is the Systemic circuit? Answer these questions:
- 18. blood from theheart gets around the body through blood vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels a. ARTERY b. VEIN c. CAPILLARY
- 19. The ARTERY thick muscleand elastic fibres Arteries carry blood away from the heart. the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
- 20. The VEIN Veins carryblood towards from the heart. thin muscle and elastic fibres veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction. body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
- 21. The CAPILLARY Capillaries linkArteries with Veins the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells. The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.
- 22. A collection ofcapillaries is known as a capillary bedcapillary bed.
- 23. SUMMARY Complete the followingtext: Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot. away platelets towards capillaries plasma oxygen muscular
- 24. Complete the tablewith the blood vessels differences. Type of blood Direction Elastic wall Valves ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES
- 26. •How big isthe heart? •Where is the heart?
- 27. Explanation of Heart Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Atrium Left VentricleValves Theheart has 4 chambers: 2 on the Right: received blood and 2 on the left: pumps the blood out How does the heart pump? What kind of blood does each side pump? Which side of the heart is thicker
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- 29. The Heart Left Ventricle LeftAtrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle valve Vein from Lungs Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs Vein from Head and Body valve
- 30. How does theHeart work? blood from the body blood from the lungs The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood flows into the atria. STEP ONE
- 31. The atria thencontract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles. How does the Heart work? STEP TWO
- 32. How does theHeart work? The valves close to stop blood flowing backwards. The ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart. At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood. The cycle then repeats itself. STEP THREE
- 34. What is DIASTOLE? Whatis SYSTOLE? • The time period when the heart is in a state of relaxation • It is a phase of the cardiac cycle where the myocardium is contracting
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- 41. Some figures • Yourbody has about 5.6 litres of blood. • This 5.6 litres of blood circulates through the body three times every minute. • In one day, the blood travels a total of 19,000 km that's four times the distance across the US from coast to coast. • The heart pumps around a third of a cup each time it beats.
Editor's Notes
- #28 Overview of the main chambers of the heart The left side is the thicker side because it has to pump blood all around the body The left side pumps blood that has oxygen in it to the body The right side pumps blood that has carbon dioxide in it to the lungs. The heart pumps by squeezing it’s walls which are thick muscles.
- #29 Get some real sheep’s hearts from the butcher for the students to examine. Give them 2 hearts per group: One cut in half to see the inside chambers and one left intact to see the overall size and muscularity of the heart.