Health education

1. Dr.S.Sethupathy, M.D.,Ph.D.,
Professor and Head,
Division of Biochemistry,RMMC,AU

3. Thyroid hormone
 Maintains basal metabolic rate ( Resting metabolic
rate)
 Hypothyroidism in adults – myxedema
 In New born causes cretinism – mental retardation
 So Pregnant women should be screened for thyroid
function

4. Hypothyroid before and after
Treatment

5. Sedentary Moderate Heavy
Physical Activity
SDA
RMR
50 % RMR
Energyrequirements
30% RMR
40%
RMR

6. Protein energy malnutrition
 Both protein and energy deficiency results in
marasmus
 Mainly protein deficiency results in kwashiorkar

8. Overnutrition
 Excess calorie intake leads to triacylglycerol
accumulation in adipose tissue
 Body mass index = Weight in Kg / Height in m 2 ( W/
H2 )
 Non obese 20 – 24.9
 Over weight 25 – 29.9
 Obese Gr 1 30 – 34.9
 Obese Gr 2 35 – 39.9
 Obese Gr 3 >40

9. Obesity

10. Nutritional requirements
65
20
15 2
Lipids
10%

11. Vitamin C deficiency
 Scurvy – swelling and bleeding gums, swelling of
joints
 Rich sources of vitamin C- Amla, lime, orange
 Pickles have Vitamin C intact
 Vitamin C gets easily oxidized
 Only fresh fruits

12. Scurvy

13. Vitamin A
 Required for Vision
 Deficiency results in night blindness, rough skin (Toad
skin) , eye lens gets dislodged causing blindness
 Rich sources- Spinach, carrot, papaya, mango,tomato

14. Vitamin A deficiency- Lt eye blind

15. Vitamin A deficiency

16. Vitamin D
 Maintains calcium absorption for bone growth
 Deficiency leads to Rickets in children and
osteomalacia in adults
 Children – bow legs
 Rich sources- fish liver oil, fish, egg yolk, milk , nuts
and sunlight exposure
 Morning everyday 20 mins- sunlight exposure

17. Rickets

18. Thiamine
 Thiamine deficiency causes beri beri
 In wet beri beri – cardiac failure
 In dry beri beri – neurological manifestations
 Alcoholics- commonly affected
 Rich sources- rice bran, unpolished rice, whole wheat,
yeast

19. Wet and dry beriberi

20. Niacin
 Niacin deficiency causes pellagra
 Features are diarrhoea, dermatitis, dementia
 Necklace sign – dermatitis in sunlight exposed skin
 Rich sources - Dried yeast, rice polishing, liver, peanut,
whole cereals, meat and fish

21. Niacin deficiency

22. Niacin deficiency

23. Folic acid
 Folic acid is needed for RBC maturation
 Prevents neural tube defect in foetus
 Deficiency results in macrocytic anaemia
 Pregnant women should be given folic acid
supplements
 Rich sources- yeast, green leafy vegetables.
 Cereals pulses, oil seeds, egg moderate sources

24. Macrocytic anaemia

25. Riboflavin
 Riboflavin is involved in many oxido reduction
reactions
 Deficiency results in inflammation of tongue
(Glossitis), Lips (cheilosis), angles of mouth (angular
stomatitis)
 Rich sources - Liver, dried yeast, egg , milk ,whole
cereals , legumes, green leafy vegetables

26. Angular stomatitis

27. Glossitis

28. Vitamin K
 Required for coagulation
 Deficiency results in bleeding tendency
 Bruising tendency, echymotic patches, mucous
membrane hemorrhage, internal bleeding
 Rich sources- Green leafy vegetables.
 It is also from intestinal bacterial synthesis.

29. Vitamin K deficiency

30. Iron
 Required for hemoglobin synthesis and so RBC
formation
 Deficiency results in diminished hemoglobin and so
hypochromic and microcytic anaemia
 Pregnant women should be given iron supplements
 Rich sources- meat, spinach ,dried fruit, sea food,
beans

31. Iron deficiency anaemia

32. Thank
you