nucleic acid electrophoresis

1. NUCLEC ACID ELECTROPHORESIS
• Definition
• Principle
• Types
• Advantages/Disadvantages
• Applications
DONE BY..D/WALEED TAWFIK ABDULJALIL

2. Nucleic acid electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to
separate and analyze DNA and RNA molecules based on their size
and charge. By subjecting nucleic acid samples to an electric field,
they migrate through a gel matrix, allowing for their separation and
visualization.

3. Principle
• The principle of gel electrophoresis is based on the movement of charged
molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, through a gel matrix in response to
an electric field. The gel matrix acts as a sieving medium, allowing the
separation of molecules based on their size and charge.
DNA is visualized by including in the gel an intercalating
dye. DNA fragments take up the dye as they migrate
through the gel. Illumination with ultraviolet light causes
the intercalated dye to fluoresce.

4. Types of gel electrophoresis
• Agarose gel electrophoresis polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
Agarose gel electrophoresis is the
easiest and commonest way of
separating and analysing DNA.
PAGE is the commonly employed
technique for separating proteins

5. Agarose gel electrophoresis
Agarose gel electrophoresis is commonly used for the separation of larger DNA fragments,
typically ranging from a few hundred base pairs to several kilobases.

6. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is commonly used for the separation of
smaller DNA fragments or RNA molecules, proteins typically ranging from a few
base pairs to a few hundred base pairs. due to their smaller pore size.

7. Gel
preparation
Running the
gel
Sampling
loading
Gel casting
Visualizing
the gel
Agarose+Tris Boric acid
EDTA buffer+melted
and cooled+ethidium
bromide
water, Tris Base, boric
acid and disodium
EDTA)
sample/ladder DNA
power
UV transilluminator and
compared with the
ladder DNA

9. •Applications of Nuclec acid Electrophoresis
• .DNA Fragment Analysis: Nucleic acid electrophoresis is commonly used for DNA
fragment analysis, including PCR product analysis, DNA sequencing, and genotyping.
• .RNA Analysis: Nucleic acid electrophoresis is used for RNA analysis, such as mRNA
analysis and assessment of RNA integrity
• .DNA Fingerprinting: Nucleic acid electrophoresis is crucial in DNA fingerprinting for
forensic analysis and individual identification.
• .Gel Extraction and Purification: Nucleic acid electrophoresis is commonly used for gel
extraction and purification of specific DNA or RNA bands.
• .Genetic Analysis: Nucleic acid electrophoresis is used in various genetic analysis
applications, including genotyping.
• .Clinical Diagnostics: Nucleic acid electrophoresis is utilized in clinical diagnostics for
genetic disorder detection and infectious disease analysis