This document discusses different approaches to leadership including authority, responsibility, accountability, leadership styles (autocratic vs democratic), communication skills, and public speaking. It provides definitions of key terms like authority and describes the different components of effective writing, listening, and speech-giving. The document also addresses leadership approaches like telling, selling, testing, consulting and joining, and asks and answers 16 questions to reinforce the concepts.

1. CHAPTER 2
APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

2. AUTHORITY
The power or right to give commands,
enforce obedience, take action, or
make final decisions.”

3. In the Unites States
Navy Authority means
the person in charge

4. BURDENS OF COMMAND
RESPONSIBILITY
ACCOUNTABILIY

5. Authority in civilian life does not
carry the same amount of
accountability.
CEO
POLICE
TEACHER
PREACHER

6. Dependable
Worthy of reliance or trust
Consistent in performance
or behavior

7. Authoritarian
Characterized by or favoring
absolute obedience to authority,
as against individual freedom
Does not care about what people
think, as long as they follow
orders.

8. Democratic
Every one gets to provide input,
discussions
Works best when you have time to
analyze input from all team
members

9. Effective leadership is
based on results , not
effort.

10. Jo
i
ng
ni
ng
Co
ns
ul
ti
Se
llin
g
Te
st
in
g
Te
llin
g
RANGE OF
LEADERSHIP STYLES

11. The leader keeps all authority and gives
the group little freedom. The leader
decides, and the group follows.

12. The leader makes the decision, then
persuades the group that this decision
is the “best” for the group.

13. The leader states the problem, picks a
possible solution, and lets the group
react to this solution. Possibly accepting
suggestions, the leader makes a final
decision and informs the group.

14. The leader presents the problem and
asks for ideas from the group members.
The group recommends solutions;
the leader selects one, and informs
the group.

15. The group decides and the leader
follows. Here the leader is just another
member of the group and agrees to
carry out the group’s decision.

16. Delegate
To commit or entrust to another
To authorize and send (another
person) as one's representative
You can delegate authority, but
never responsibility

17. COMMUNICATION
The four skills necessary for
communication are:
• Reading
• Writing
• Listening
• Speaking

18. READING
When reading
longer articles,
books, or
instructions,
save time, effort, and get a better
understanding by:
~ scanning the material first to pick out
the main ideas
~ then reread for details

19. WRITING
There are four important steps to follow
for effective writing:
1. Clarify your purpose.
2. Limit the subject.
3. List your ideas.
4. Organize your ideas into groups.

20. WRITING
There are four important steps to follow
for effective writing:
1. Clarify your purpose. Be able to say
why you are writing, who will read it,
and what you expect the reader to do
after reading it.

21. WRITING
There are four important steps to follow
for effective writing:
2. Limit the subject. Material should be
limited to what suits your purpose as
stated in Step 1. Do not waste the
readers’ time with extra material.

22. WRITING
There are four important steps to follow
for effective writing:
3. List your ideas. You want to list
ideas that will get across to your
reader. As you read and research,
write down ideas and change them
later if necessary.

23. WRITING
There are four important steps to follow
for effective writing:
4. Organize your ideas into groups.
Main ideas are followed by important
subheadings, then supporting
information. An outline will help keep
you on course and save time when
you actually start writing.

24. WRITING
There are four important steps to follow
for effective writing:
1. Clarify your purpose.
2. Limit the subject.
3. List your ideas.
4. Organize your ideas into groups.
your leadership and organizational
skills will be evident in the text.

25. LISTENING
Four rules to becoming a better listener:
1. Get ready to listen.
2. Take responsibility for understanding.
3. Listen to understand rather than to
disagree.
4. Listen for the main ideas.

26. LISTENING
1. Get ready to listen. Do not place all
the responsibility on the speaker.
You must be alert!

27. LISTENING
2. Take responsibility for understanding.
In your mind put the speaker’s ideas
in your own words.

28. LISTENING
3. Listen to understand rather than to
disagree. Listen and wait; try to
understand first and evaluate second.
Emotions should not cloud the
matter. Question only after a speech
or lesson is finished.

29. LISTENING
4. Listen for the main ideas. If you are
listening to a teacher or other
speaker, take notes. Come to classes
and lectures prepared to do so.
Taking notes will make you more alert
for the main ideas.

30. LISTENING
If you use these four rules,
1. Get ready to listen.
2. Take responsibility for understanding.
3. Listen to understand rather than to
disagree.
4. Listen for the main ideas.
you will gain more knowledge and
understanding. It is still the best way.

31. SPEAKING
Five basic steps for an effective speech:
1. Determine the purpose of the speech.
2. Narrow the scope of your topic.
3. Choose a subject of interest to you
and your audience.
4. Make an outline to organize your
speech.
5. Practice your speech.

32. SPEAKING
1. Determine the purpose of the speech.
Having “zeroed in” on your purpose,
stick to it. Do not wander in your
research or your writing.

33. SPEAKING
2. Narrow the scope of your topic. Do
not try to cover too much in one
speech. You will bore your listeners
if you do. Most good speeches can be
given in 15 minutes or less.

34. SPEAKING
3. Choose a subject of interest to you
and your audience. Keep in mind the
maturity of your audience. Do not
rely just on what you know about the
subject. Do some research. Be sure
your information is correct.

35. SPEAKING
4. Make an outline to organize your
speech. Note facts and figures so
you don’t make mistakes.

36. SPEAKING
5. Practice your speech. Say it in front
of a mirror or use a tape recorder.
Time it. Listen to yourself. Plan to
use gestures. “Running through”
your speech will give you confidence.

37. SPEAKING
Preparing with these five basic steps,
1. Determine the purpose of the speech.
2. Narrow the scope of your topic.
3. Choose a subject of interest to you
and your audience.
4. Make an outline to organize your
speech.
5. Practice your speech.
will give you additional confidence to
deliver an effective speech as a leader.

38. SPEAKING
The best speeches use what is called
three part communication or:
3 Part Comm.
Introduction
Body
Close

39. SPEAKING
Introduction
Tell your audience what
you are going to tell them.

40. SPEAKING
Body
Tell them. In other words, present
your speech. Hit the key points or
phrases in the same order you
offered in the introduction. This is
a “road map” they can follow.

41. SPEAKING
Close
Tell your audience what you told them.
This reinforces the key points you were
making in the body of your speech and
refreshes their memory. It also offers
an excellent method of wrapping up
and ending a speech with a “Thank
You!”

42. SPEAKING
Using these proven methods,
3 Part Comm.
Introduction
Tell your audience what
you are going to tell them.
Body
Tell them.
Tell them what you told
Close
Them.
you will find speeches easier to prepare,
deliver, and close, with your leadership
persona enhanced.

43. Q.1. What does authority mean in
the Navy?

44. Q.1. What does authority mean in
the Navy?
A.1. The person in charge

45. Q.2. What is the definition of
"authority?"

46. Q.2. What is the definition of
"authority?"
A.2. The power or right to give
commands, enforce obedience,
take action, or make final
decisions

47. Q.3. In the Navy, authority comes
with what?

48. Q.3. In the Navy, authority comes
with what?
A.3. Responsibility and
accountability

49. Q.4. What is the difference between
civilian authority and naval
authority?

50. Q.4. What is the difference between
civilian authority and naval
authority?
A.4. Civilian leaders may be held
accountable in many cases only
if they break the law. Naval
authority is held accountable for
all that occurs in that command.

51. Q.5. Why do parents have authority
over their children?

52. Q.5. Why do parents have authority
over their children?
A.5. They are responsible for your
actions.

53. Q.6. Describe an autocratic leader.

54. Q.6. Describe an autocratic leader.
A.6. The autocratic leader does not
allow input or discussion.

55. Q.7. Describe a democratic leader.

56. Q.7. Describe a democratic leader.
A.7. The democratic leader allows
the unit to have input.

57. Q.8. What are the two extreme
styles of leadership, and what
are the features of each?

58. Q.8. What are the two extreme
styles of leadership, and what
are the features of each?
A.8. Autocratic is centered on the
leader and Democratic means
participation of followers, as
well as the leader, in the
leadership process.

59. Q.9. Upon what is effective
leadership based?

60. Q.9. Upon what is effective
leadership based?
A.9. Results

61. Q.10. What are the five approaches
to leadership?

62. Q.10. What are the five approaches
to leadership?
A.10. a. Telling
b. Selling
c. Testing
d. Consulting
e. Joining

63. Q.11. Which style of leadership
is better, autocratic or
democratic?

64. Q.11. Which style of leadership is
better, autocratic or
democratic?
A.11. Each one has a purpose, and
it is necessary to use the one
that will suit the situation.

65. Q.12. What are the four skills
necessary for effective
communication?

66. Q.12. What are the four skills
necessary for effective
communication?
A.12. 1. Reading
2. Writing
3. Listening
4. Speaking

67. Q.13. What are the four important
steps for effective writing?

68. Q.13. What are the four important
steps for effective writing?
A.13. 1. Clarify your purpose
2. Limit the subject
3. List ideas
4. Organize ideas

69. Q.14. What are the four rules for
being a good listener?

70. Q.14. What are the four rules for
being a good listener?
A.14. 1. Get ready to listen
2. Take the responsibility for
understanding
3. Listen to understand
4. Listen for the main ideas

71. Q.15. What are the five basic steps
to follow in preparing
a speech?

72. Q.15. What are the five basic steps
to follow in preparing a
speech?
A.15. 1. Determine the purpose
2. Narrow the scope of your
topic
3. Choose a subject of interest
4. Make an outline
5. Practice your speech

73. Q.16. Why is it important to know
the audience that you are
addressing?

74. Q.16. Why is it important to know
the audience that you are
addressing?
A.16. So that you can speak on
their level