The document describes the five main layers that make up the Earth: 1) The atmosphere is a gaseous envelope surrounding the planet. 2) The hydrosphere includes all water on Earth's surface, chiefly the oceans which cover 70.8% of the surface. 3) Below are three solid layers - the lithosphere, mantle, and core. The lithosphere extends 100 km deep and comprises the crust and upper mantle made of tectonic plates. The mantle extends to 2,900 km deep, and the core occupies the center.