The document summarizes several national health programs in India, including: 1. The National Programme for Prevention and Management of Trauma and Burn Injuries, which aims to establish trauma care networks and improve referral systems. 2. The National AIDS Control Policy, which aims to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS through awareness, STD control, condom promotion, and care for people living with HIV/AIDS. 3. The role of pharmacists in supporting national health programs like HIV/AIDS control, tuberculosis treatment, and immunization programs by promoting adherence, providing patient education, and monitoring treatment effectiveness.

1. National Programme for
Prevention and
Management of Trauma
and Burn Injuries
(NPPMTBI)
Presented by Miss Sudipta Roy
Associate Professor
East Point College of Pharmacy

2. • Component I: Trauma
• Objectives:
• To eastablish a network of trauma care facilities to
reduce the incidence of preventable deaths due to
traffic accidents by observing golden hour principle.
• To develop proper referral and communication
network between ambulances and trauma centers
and within the trauma centers.

3. • To develop National Injury Surveillance , Trauma
Registry, and Capacity Building Center for
collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination
of information for policy formation and preventive
interventions.
• To develop National Injury Surveillance, Trauma
Surgery and Capacity Building Center for collection,
compilation, analysis and dissemination of
information for policy information and preventive
interventions.

4. • To develop trauma registry centers for ensuring
delivery of quality services.
• To develop a National Trauma System Plan.
• To improve awareness through IEC activities.
• Functioning and Outcome:
• Infrastructure and strengthening.
• National Injury Surveillance. Trauma Registry and
Capacity Building Center eastablished.
• IEC activities initiated.

5. Component II:Burn Injuries
• IObjectives:
• To eastablish a network of burn units with adequate infrastructural facility
for burn management and rehabilitation in alll identified Government
Medical Colleges and District Hospitals.
• To improve awareness among general masses and vulnerable groups
especially women, children, industrial and hazardous occupational workers.
• To eastablish Burn data registry under NPPMBI with integration with
National Injury Surveillance Center for collection, compilation, and analysis
of burn injury data to bring down the incidence of burn injury cases.
• To carry out research for assessing behavioural, social and other
determinants of Burn injuries in the country to facilitate effective need
based programme planning monitoring and evaluation.
• To organize burn injury training programme for doctors, nurses and para-
medical staff associated in management of burn injuries from the identified
District Hospitals and Government Medical Cplleges.

6. Funtioning and Outcome.
• Prevention programme (IEC)
• Treatment
• Rehabiliation
• Training
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Research
• Health Programmes Monitored by National Centre for
Disease Control (NCDC)
• Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Containment.
• Objectives.
• Eastablish a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system in
the country to generate quality data on antimicrobial
resistance.

7. • Carry out surveillance of antimicrobial usage in
different health care settings.
• Strengthen infection control practices and promote
rational use of antimicrobials through Antimicrobial
stewardship activities.
• Generate awareness amongst health care providers
and community on antimicrobial resistance and
rational use of antimicrobials.

8. • Functioning and outcome.
• AMR surveillance
• National Treatment guidelines
• Infection prevention and control guidelines and
surveillance of Healthcare associated infections.
• IEC activities
• Strengthening Laboratory capacity for AMR
detection.

9. National Programme on climate
change and human health (NPCCHH)
• Objectives.
• To create awareness among general population
(vulnerable community), healthcare providers and
policy makers regarding impactss of climate change on
human health.
• To strengthen capacity of healthcare system to reduce
illness/diseases due to variability in climate.
• To strengthen health preparedness and response by
performing situational analysis at
national/state/district/below distriict levels.
• To develop partnerships and create synchrony/synergy
with other missions and ensure that health is
adequately represented in the climate change agenda
in the country.

10. • To strengthen research capacity to fill the evidence
gap on climate change impact on human health.
• Functioning and outcome.
• Awareness and Behaviour modification of general
population for impact, illness, prevention and
adaptive measures for climate sensitive illness.
• Increase in trained healthcare personnel and
equipped institutes/organization towards
achievement of climate resilent healthcare services
and infrastructure at district level in each state.

11. • Integrated monitoring system for collection and
analysis of health related data with meterological
parameters, enviromental, socio-economic and
occupational factors.
• Regulation on key environmental determinants of
health: air quality, water quality, food, waste
management, agriculture, transport.
• Evidence-based support to policy makers,
programme planners and related stakeholders.

12. Integrated Disease Surveillance
Programme (IDSP)
• Objectives.
• To strengthen/maintain decentralized laboratory-
based IT enabled disease surveillance system for
epidemic-prone diseases to monitor disease trends
and to detect and record to outbreaks in early
rising through trained Rapid Response Teams
(RRTs).
• Functioning and Outcome:
• Integration and decentralization of surveillance
activities through the eastablishment of
surveillance units at Center, State and District level.

13. • Use of ICT for collection, collation, compilation,
analysis and dissemintation of data.
• Strengthning of public health laboratories.
• Inter-sectoral co-ordination for zoonotic diseases.
• Inter-Sectoral Co-ordination for prevention and
control of zoonotic diseases.
• Objectives.
• Strengthning of inter-sectoral co-ordination
between medical, veterinary, wild life sector and
various relevant stakeholders for prevention and
control of zoonotic diseases.

14. • Trained man power development.
• Sensitization of professionals in various sectors
(medical, veterinary, etc)
• IEC to create awareness among community.
• Functioning and Outcome.
• Inter-sectoral co-ordination
• State and district level initiatives:capacity building
• Technical activities
• IEC activity

15. • Yaws Eradication Programme (YEP).
• Yaws belongs to a group of chronic bacterial
infections (endemic treponematodes, non-veneral
spirochetal diseases) caused by treponemes. Other
diseases belonging to this group are bejel (endemic
syphilis) and pinta.
• India has been declared yaws free in July 2016.
• Additional National Health Programmes.
• Few additional national health programmes are
mentioned below.

16. Acquired Immuno-Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS).
• Government of India has announced National AIDS
prevention and control strategy.
• National AIDs control organization (NACO) is a
division of the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare which provides leadership to HIV/AIDS
control in India. Salient features of the policy are as
follows-
• Objectives.
• Specific objectives of the policy are indicated
bellow.

17. • To reiterate strongly the Government's firm
commitment to limit the spread of HIV infection and
reduce personal and social impact.
• To generate a feeling of ownership among all the
participants both at the Government and non-
Government levels, like the Central Ministry and
Agencies of the Government of India, State
Government, City Corporations, Industrial
Undertakings in public and private sectors, Panchayat
Instittions and local bodies to make it a truly national
effort.

18. • To create an enabling socio-economic environment
for prevention of HIV/AIDS, to provide care and
support to people living with HIV/AIDs and to
ensure protection/promotion of their human rights
including right to access health care system, right to
education, employment and privacy. To mobilize
support of a large number of Non-Government
Organization (NGOs)/Community Based
Organizations (CBOs) for an elarged community
initiative for prevention and alleviation of the
HIV/AIDs problem.

19. • In order to streamline efforts related to control of
some common diseases prevalent in a wide range
of population, Government of India has initiated
certain programmes of national level. The
programmes are financed by Central Government
and are implemented through the help of State
Governments. Information of such diseases is
presented here.
• To decentralize HIV/AIDs control program to the
field with adequate financial and administrative
delegation of responsibilities.

20. • To strengthen program management capabilities at
the State Governments, Municipal Corporations,
Panchayat Institutions and leading NGOs
Participating in the program.
• To bring in horizontal integration at the
implementation level with other national programs
like Reproductive and child Health, TB control,
Integrated Child Development Scheme and with
the primary health care system.

21. • To prevent women, children and other socially weak groups
from becoming vulnerable to HIV infection by improving
health education, legal status and economic prospects.
• To provide adequate and equitable provision of health care
to the HIV-infected people and to draw attention to
compelling public health rationale for overcoming
stigmatization, discrimination and seclusion in society.
• To constantly interact with international and bilateral
agencies for support and co-operation in the field of
research in vaccines , drugs, emerging system of health care
other financial and managerial inputs.
• To ensure availability of adequate and safe blood and blood
products for the general population through promotion of
voluntary blood donation in the country.

22. • To promote better understanding of HIV infection
among people, especially students, youth and
other sexually active sections to generate greater
awareness about the nature of its transmission and
to adopt safe behavioural practices for prevention.
• Functioning and outcome.
• The national AIDS control policy principally aims at
the following strategy for prevention and control of
the disease:

23. • 1. Prevention of further spread of the disease by
• 1. Making the people aware of its implications and
provide them with the necessary tools for
protecting themselves.
• 2. Controlled Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
among vulnerable sections together with
promotion of use of condom as a preventive
measure.
• 3. Ensuring availability of safe blood and blood
products. and
• 4. Reinforcing the traditional Indian moral values

24. • To create an enabling socio-economic environment
so that all sections of population can protect
themselves from the infections and families and
communities can provide care and support to
people living with HIV/AIDs.
• Improving services for the care of people living with
AIDS in times of sickness, both in hospitals and at
homes through community health care.

25. • It involves several policy initiatives listed below.
• Programme management
• Advocacy and social mobilization
• Participation of non-governmental organization
(NGOS)
• Control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Use of Condoms as a HIV/AIDS prevention measure
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Teasting

26. • Couenselling
• Care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS
(PLWHAs)
• HIV and Injecting Drug use
• Safety of Blood and Blood products
• Research and development

27. School Health Programme
• Under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), cognizance has
been taken for the potential impact of the school Health programme
on the health of students and their families in the context of
Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme. Education about
health is a tool for empowerment.
• Following rights of the child have been recognized:
• The right to survival
• The right to protection
• The right to development
• The right to participation
• An effective school health, hygiene, and nutrition programme offers
following benefits.
• It responds to an increased need.
• It increases the efficacy of other investments in child development.
• It ensures good current and future health.

28. • It improves social equity.
• It is a highly cost effective strategy.
• Essential elements of school health are as follows.
• Health-related school policies.
• These include children of all communities,
encourage healthy life styles, address priority public
health care programmes and promote collaboration
among teachers. It also enables students and their
parents on one hand and departments like health,
education, women and child development on the
other hand to bring conversions.

29. • Provision of safe (physically and psycho-socially) and
supportive environment.
• Provision of nutrition releives the hunger of the child
and provision of the safe water and adequate
sanitation reinforces hygienic behaviour. It is
necessary to provide privacy (functional women
toilets and support for menstrual management) and
safety to promote participation of adolescent girls in
education.
• It is necessary to keep the school free of violence and
various forms of discrimination.

30. • Health, hygiene and nutrition education, which
focuses on the development of age-appropriate
knowledge, attitudes, values and life skills needed
to establish life long healthy practices.
• School-based health and nutrition services that are
equitable, simple, sustainable, safe and familiar and
address problems that are prevalent and
recognized as important within the community, e.g.
mid-day school meals.

31. • Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY).
• PMSSY aims at correcting the imbalnces in the
availability of affordable health care facilities in
different parts of the country in general, and
augmenting facilities for quality medical education
in the under-served states in particular. The first
phase consists of setting up six institutions like All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), and
upgrading 13 existing Government medical college
institutions. Two more phases aim at developing
more hospitals and further developing existing
medical colleges.

32. • Poor Patients-finamcial Support:
• Under the scheme of financial support to poor patients Rashtriya
Arogy Nidhi (RAN) has been eastablished. It is also termed as
Health Minister's Cancer Patient Fund (HMCPF). It offers benefit
only to patients below poverty line suffering from specified life
threatning diseases.
• The Central Government has made intial contribution to RAN.
Donations for this by individuals in India and abroad are
exempted from income tax under section 80-G. Patients seeking
medical treatment at any of the super speciality
hospitals/institutions or other Government Hospitals are eligible
to receive financial assistance under RAN. Upto 10.0 lakhs can be
sanctioned to one patient. Disease of common nature and
Diseases for free treatment is available under health scheme
/programme are not eligible for RAN. Grant-in-aid is released to
state governments.

33. • 50% contribution has to be made by the state
government . The grants are released to Medical
Superintendent of the hospital, where the patient
is being treated. The application form for RAN is
available on the net.
• List of few more national programmes is mentioned
here for awareness.

34. • Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK)
• Rastriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakaram (RKSK)
• Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram (RBSK)
• Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
• Mission Indradhanus/Intensified Mission
Indradhanush
• Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
• Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan
(PMSMA)
• Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (NSSK)

35. Role of pharmacist in National
Health Programmes
• Pharmacists have a significant role to play in all
National Health Programmes.
• HIV/AIDS control, RNTCP, Pulse polio, NPCB and
NTCP are top five National Public Health
programmes, in which contribution of pharmacists
has been highlighted in India by a group of
pharmacists in one of their investigations. They
studied students perception about the program in
the form of a survey.

36. • Program specific comments are as follows.
• HIV/AIDS control program was the most well-known among the responding
students. This may be because of Indian Pharmaceutical Association's (IPA)
initiatives since 2000 in creating awareness on the roles and opportunities
for pharmacists in HIV/AIDS care and prevention.
• Among the initiatives there has been National Pharmacy Week 2000 with
the theme ''Pharmacists''. Trained-trainers, in-service pharmacists and
training programmes in schools. IPA had also several endorsements and
statements to promote pharmacists role in HIV/AIDS. WHO-India
recommended integrating pharmacists in National AIDS control
organization's (NACO) programmes such as in procurement, storage ,
distribution and proper use of Antiretroviral ARV medicines. In line with this,
as a mandatory training, phatmacists working in Antirettroviral Therapy
(ART) centres and Link ART centers (LAC) were being trained by the
Department of AIDS control . An extension of such training for pharmacists
working in private pharmacies and students/interns would increase the
impact in several folds, which is supported by 83% percent of students'
interest to take active part in HIV/AIDS control programme.

37. • Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program
(RNTCP)
• Eighty three percent of the responding students
were willing to take part in RNTCP.
• According to a previous research, pharmacists can
be key players in prevention and treatment of
tuberculosis by promoting adherence, assessing
patients for risk factors for resistant disease,
providing information about disease control and
prevention, and monitoring for effectiveness,
adverse effects, and drug interactions. Private
pharmacies play a key role in influencing patients

38. • For the first time in 2010, RNTCP guidelines mentioned
''Pharmacists"' as specialists with expertise in managing Multi-
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) , which is very motivating
for the pharmacy profession in the country.
• Pulse polio and universal immunization programs.
• Eigthy percent of the respondents knew pulse polio and universal
immunization programmes and about 70% were willing to take
part in these programs. National vaccine policy suggests that it is
important to have experts from the pharmacy to reduce time lag
from availability of a vaccine to its use in National Immunization
Programmes.Internationally, the provision of immunization
services involving phrmacists trained and certified to administer
vaccines, utilizing agreed protocols and collaaborative
arrangements , is now well accepted in countries such as the USA,
UK, Ireland and Portugal , such success stories can be adopted by
pharmacist in India to take initiatives to create evidence to
become part of health care team.

39. • National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP)
• In this survey , 90% of the responding pharmacy
students were willing to take active role in tobacco
control. This is quite similar result as was obtained in
previous study. This acknowledges that pharmacists
have a continuous interest in promoting smoking
cessation. Smoking is among the most important risk
factors jeopardizing public health and thus, pharmacists
are easily accessible healthcare professionals to be
involved in NTCP. Potential for Indian Pharmacy
students and pharmacists to make a definitive
contribution to public health protection through NTCP
should be utilized by the government of India.

40. • National Program on Control of Blindness (NPCB)
• Though 72% of the responsible students showed
enthusiam to take active role in NPCB, there is no
documented evidence on pharmacist involvement
in NPCB as there is on HIV/AIDS control program,
RNTCP and NTCP. Therefore, it is important to take
initiatives by the professional bodies to find out
how pharmacists can contribute in NPCB and create
evidence.

41. • The above experiences and examples show that
there are many ways that the Indian government
can utilize pharmacists expertise in different public
health programmes.
• As pharmacy students seem to be interested in
contributing to NPHPs, it is important that
professional organizations, such as IPA and the
Pharmacy Council of India will cooperate with
pharmacy schools in curriculum development and
shaping new public health roles and services for
pharmacists.

42. • Inclusion of a separate subject of Social Pharmacy
in the curriculum of D.Pharm and inclusion of a
devoted section on National Health Programmes is
a welcome addition for the benefit of stidents of
pharmacy. Governmebt of India has initiated
actions on digitizing health records and
documentation of records of patients along with
the therapy.

43. • Pharmacovigilance, drug-interactions and drug
idiosyncracies will have an important role.
• Pharmacists can certainly play a vital role in
digitization of health records. While performing this
duty, details of all National Health Programmes are
very vital.
• It is suggested that knowledge of National Health
Programmes can stimulate startup ideas in the
minds of students of pharmacy and with the help
of cloud-technology, they may find new
enterprising ideas in the field of digitization of
health records.

44. • Reveiw Questions.
• Describe National Programme for AIDS.
• Enlist 10 National Health Programmes implented by
Government of India.
• Describe objectives of any two National Health
Programmes.
• Describe causes and importance of antimicrobial
resistance with two suitable examples.
• Which factors should be considered for safety of
blood and blood products?

45. • Describe functioning of RNTCP for tuberculosis.
• Give salient features of National Strategic Plan (NSP)
for TB.
• Describe objectives and functions of any three
vector-borne Diseases.
• Describe National Programme for Non-communicable
diseases.
• Describe National Mental Health Policy of India.
• Describe National Programme for Health care for
Elderly.

46. • Describe School Health Programme.
• Describe role of pharmacists in implementing
national health programmes.
• Short Answer Questions.
• 1. What is the strategy for National AIDS Control
Policy?
• 2. Comment on participation of NGOs in AIDS
control policy.
• 3. How STDs are related to AIDS control?

47. • Comment on HIV testing.
• Comment on care and support for PLWHAs.
• What are treatment outcomes for TB?
• What are different types of tuberculosis cases?
• Enlist vector-borne diseases.
• Comment on control of:
• Chikungunya
• Malaria
• Lymphatic filariasis
• Kala Azar
• Japanese encephelalitis
• Dengue haemorrhagic fever

48. • What are objectives of NPCDCS Programme?
• What are objectives of Programme for Prevention
of Fluorosis?
• What are objectives of Programme for Preventing
Blindness?
• What are strategies for health care of elderly?
• What is PMSSY?
• How poor patients are financially supported?
• Classify Hazards.
• Classify vulnerability.