This document discusses different types of noun phrases that provide additional information about the noun. It describes prepositional phrases that can come after nouns using prepositions like "of", "in", "for", "on", and "to". It also discusses different clauses that can follow nouns, including past participle clauses, present participle clauses, and to-infinitive clauses. These clauses are more concise ways to provide information about the noun compared to relative clauses. The document provides examples for each type of additional information that can come after nouns in a noun phrase.

1. Noun Phrases
From: Grammar for IELTS
By Cambridge University Press

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your partner.

3. Information that comes before the noun:
this horrible rubbish determiner
adjectives
Information that comes after the noun:
an abundance of creatures
a rich habitat
prepositional phrase
the rubbish contained in the harbour past participle clause
the rubbish lying at the bottom of the harbour present participle clause
a decision to expand to-infinitive clause

4. Noun + prepositional phrase
Information can be added after the noun by using a prepositional phrase:
of in for on to with
Examples:
possible sites with submerged rubbish a site of many species
waste in the ocean a breeding ground for fish
pollution on the beach a dive to the bottom
water with high levels of toxicity

5. Of and other prepositions in prepositional
phrases
Of is the most common. It is used after nouns of quantity or containers.
For example:
the number of fish an abundance of sea creatures quantity nouns
a bottle of water a packet of biscuits container nouns
Of is also used to show belonging or possession.
For example:
the rubble of the past particular areas of the harbour

6. at, in, and on
at, in, and on are used to talk about physical location
This rubbish lying at the bottom of the harbour.
Different species living in Sydney Harbour.
Prepositional phrases containing withoften express the same
information as a relative clause with the main verb have
Harbour sites with submerged rubbish = Harbour sites which have submerged rubbish
Sea tulips with bright red bodies = Sea tulips which have bright red bodies

7. Noun + past participle clause
A past participle clause gives the same information as a relative clause
with a passive verb:
all of the rubbish contained in the harbour = rubbish which is contained in the harbour
areas cleared of rubbish = areas which have been cleared of rubbish
data collected from the sites = data which is collected from the sites
In both spoken and written English using a noun + past participle
clause is more common than using the relative clause because it can
express the same information in fewer words. (It is more concise)

8. Noun + present participle clause
A present participle clause can give the same information as a relative
clause with an active verb, often in the present or past continuous:
The other debris lying on the sea floor = The other debris which is/was lying on the sea floor
Again, in both written and spoken English, the present participle
clause is more commonly used than the relative clause.

9. Noun + to-infinitive clause
To-infinitive clauses are used to show a purpose or intention. They
usually follow nouns of time, place, manner, and quantity:
Time to go the place to visit a way to look at it a lot to look at
Nouns followed by the to-infinitive are also related to verbs
followed by the to-infinitive:
A decision to expand (decide to) our plan to build a new hospital (we plan to)