LTE promises high speed broadband and low latency services. Future spectrum needs for LTE are estimated to be between 500 MHz and 1 GHz by 2020. This document analyzes potential spectrum bands for LTE deployment, including refarmed GSM 900 MHz spectrum and newly auctioned bands such as 700 MHz and 2.5-2.6 GHz. Identifying and utilizing new spectrum allocations, as well as opportunites to refarm existing bands, will enable global LTE deployment and roaming.
GSA presentation at GTI spectrum workshop at ITU bangkokSitha Sok
The document discusses spectrum requirements and harmonization for 5G networks. It notes that 5G networks will need spectrum both below and above 6 GHz to support a variety of use cases. Spectrum below 6 GHz is needed for coverage, while spectrum above 6 GHz can enable higher data rates but over shorter ranges. The document examines potential frequency bands for early 5G deployment and discusses the need for international harmonization to help develop global economies of scale. It also analyzes technical considerations regarding frequency division duplexing and time division duplexing in millimeter wave bands for 5G.
This document discusses the evolution of mobile cellular network technologies from 1G to 4G/LTE. It begins with an overview of cellular networks and their basic principles, including how cells and frequency reuse allow for increased network efficiency and capacity. It then covers the key technologies and standards for each generation of mobile networks: 1G analog cellular; 2G digital cellular including GSM; 2.5G technologies like CDMA and EDGE; 3G standards like UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 that enabled increased data rates and multimedia; and 4G LTE which provides further improved broadband capabilities and speeds. The document aims to explain these generations and the major enhancements introduced at each stage of development for mobile tele
This document discusses radio transmitters and receivers. It explains that a radio transmitter consists of an oscillator that generates a carrier wave, a modulator that adds information to the carrier wave, an amplifier that increases the power of the modulated signal, and an antenna that radiates the signal as radio waves. A radio receiver uses an antenna to capture radio waves, a tuner to select the desired frequency, a detector to extract the information from the carrier wave, and amplifiers to strengthen the signal for playback. Modulation involves adding an input signal to a carrier wave to transmit information in a way that requires less power and antenna size than transmitting the input signal directly.
This document discusses enhancements to future radio access technologies beyond LTE Release 11. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly due to factors like increased video usage and high-speed mobile access. To meet projected 1000x capacity growth needs by 2020, the document proposes utilizing wider bandwidths up to 1 GHz, higher frequency bands, and more efficient spectrum utilization through hybrid radio access across multiple bands. It also discusses technologies for enhancing spectrum efficiency and supporting denser small cell networks, such as dynamic TDD, flexible duplexing schemes, and hybrid radio access adaptations. The document advocates both backward compatible evolutions and complementary evolutions in future 3GPP releases to achieve sufficient capacity gains while maintaining backward compatibility.
This document presents a middle-mile multihop mesh network using TV UHF band spectrum as a solution for providing rural broadband coverage in India. The key contributions are an optimization tool that determines the minimum transmit power needed for broadband coverage given inputs like demography, fiber point of presence locations, and propagation models. The tool assigns optimal routes and calculates achievable throughputs using time division multiple access and spatial reuse to manage interference. The analysis is done at the physical layer to determine broadband feasibility in rural areas using just the available TV UHF spectrum.
GSA presentation at GTI spectrum workshop at ITU bangkokSitha Sok
The document discusses spectrum requirements and harmonization for 5G networks. It notes that 5G networks will need spectrum both below and above 6 GHz to support a variety of use cases. Spectrum below 6 GHz is needed for coverage, while spectrum above 6 GHz can enable higher data rates but over shorter ranges. The document examines potential frequency bands for early 5G deployment and discusses the need for international harmonization to help develop global economies of scale. It also analyzes technical considerations regarding frequency division duplexing and time division duplexing in millimeter wave bands for 5G.
This document discusses the evolution of mobile cellular network technologies from 1G to 4G/LTE. It begins with an overview of cellular networks and their basic principles, including how cells and frequency reuse allow for increased network efficiency and capacity. It then covers the key technologies and standards for each generation of mobile networks: 1G analog cellular; 2G digital cellular including GSM; 2.5G technologies like CDMA and EDGE; 3G standards like UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 that enabled increased data rates and multimedia; and 4G LTE which provides further improved broadband capabilities and speeds. The document aims to explain these generations and the major enhancements introduced at each stage of development for mobile tele
This document discusses radio transmitters and receivers. It explains that a radio transmitter consists of an oscillator that generates a carrier wave, a modulator that adds information to the carrier wave, an amplifier that increases the power of the modulated signal, and an antenna that radiates the signal as radio waves. A radio receiver uses an antenna to capture radio waves, a tuner to select the desired frequency, a detector to extract the information from the carrier wave, and amplifiers to strengthen the signal for playback. Modulation involves adding an input signal to a carrier wave to transmit information in a way that requires less power and antenna size than transmitting the input signal directly.
This document discusses enhancements to future radio access technologies beyond LTE Release 11. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly due to factors like increased video usage and high-speed mobile access. To meet projected 1000x capacity growth needs by 2020, the document proposes utilizing wider bandwidths up to 1 GHz, higher frequency bands, and more efficient spectrum utilization through hybrid radio access across multiple bands. It also discusses technologies for enhancing spectrum efficiency and supporting denser small cell networks, such as dynamic TDD, flexible duplexing schemes, and hybrid radio access adaptations. The document advocates both backward compatible evolutions and complementary evolutions in future 3GPP releases to achieve sufficient capacity gains while maintaining backward compatibility.
This document presents a middle-mile multihop mesh network using TV UHF band spectrum as a solution for providing rural broadband coverage in India. The key contributions are an optimization tool that determines the minimum transmit power needed for broadband coverage given inputs like demography, fiber point of presence locations, and propagation models. The tool assigns optimal routes and calculates achievable throughputs using time division multiple access and spatial reuse to manage interference. The analysis is done at the physical layer to determine broadband feasibility in rural areas using just the available TV UHF spectrum.
The document discusses allocating part of the digital dividend spectrum in Belgium to mobile broadband. It notes that international agreements have designated spectrum between 790-862 MHz for mobile use by 2015. Mobile operators request this spectrum as mobile data usage is growing and new high-speed services are emerging. This ultra-high frequency spectrum has good propagation characteristics and would allow efficient coverage of both urban and rural areas. Allocating some of the digital dividend to mobile broadband could generate substantial economic and social benefits without negatively impacting broadcasting services.
Wireless communication for 8th sem EC VTU studentsSURESHA V
This document provides an introduction to wireless telecommunication systems and networks. It discusses the history of wireless radio technology from ancient smoke signals to modern cellular systems. The key developments include Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, Marconi's transatlantic radio transmission, the evolution of AM and FM radio, and the cellular concept of dividing cities into cells served by low-power base stations. It also describes the modern telecommunications infrastructure, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN), public data network (PDN), signaling system 7 (SS7), broadband cable systems, and the Internet.
This document discusses spectrum management. It begins by introducing radio spectrum and its importance for various applications. It then discusses trends driving increased spectrum demand, such as growth in mobile services and new technologies. This has placed pressure on regulators to balance competing spectrum needs. The document outlines the international, regional, and national frameworks for spectrum management, including the roles of the International Telecommunication Union and national regulatory administrations in allocating and assigning spectrum licenses. The objectives of spectrum management are to achieve technical and economic efficiencies while also meeting public policy goals.
This document provides an overview of digital microwave communication principles and concepts. It begins with an introduction explaining that the course is intended to educate engineers on the basics of digital microwave communications. It then outlines the learning objectives, which include explaining the concepts, components, networking modes, propagation principles, anti-fading technologies, and design of microwave transmission links. The document also includes sections on the history and development of microwave communication, definitions of key terms, modulation techniques, frame structures, equipment types, and antenna technology.
The document discusses spectrum management in Indonesia. It provides an overview of spectrum radio frequency management, policy planning and progress reports, spectrum licensing and usage, and problems and future challenges. Spectrum is a limited natural resource that is regulated and allocated to various users and services like broadcasting, cellular, and satellite. Licensing procedures are based on radio stations and bandwidth. Issues include inconsistent regional licensing and a need for stronger management institutions and human resources to handle complex problems and future technology trends.
This white paper discusses opportunities for improving the energy efficiency of 5G networks. It outlines how 5G networks can achieve a massive capacity boost while keeping energy consumption flat through various techniques, such as:
1) Implementing base station sleep modes to reduce energy consumption during low traffic periods.
2) Improving small cell energy efficiency through lower transmission power and switching off unused small cells.
3) Achieving network-level energy efficiency gains through solutions like sleep modes and improved power amplifier efficiency.
Industry-supported field trials are already demonstrating the viability of many of the
technical concepts in LTE-Advanced. The approach is to increase data rates for all
users, bring more out of small cells, dynamically adapt to network load and use of
more carriers for more speeds. Also there will be unprecedented ecosystem of handset-manufacturer, software-developers and chip-designers that will support this intelligent
network.
In this presentation we will briefly discuss principle technologies that are being adopted
in LTE-Advanced. We will understand the basics of the technologies that are under
developmental stages and look if we can contribute to their future enhancements.
The document traces the evolution of telecommunication systems from 1G to 4G networks. It discusses the development of early communication technologies like the telegraph in the 1800s. In the late 1960s, ARPANET was developed and introduced key protocols like TCP/IP that the modern Internet relies on. Each generation of cellular networks is then summarized - 1G provided analog voice calls; 2G introduced digital networks and SMS; 3G enabled mobile Internet and new applications; and 4G aimed to support high data traffic and reduce latency with new technologies like OFDMA. The conclusion discusses challenges like improving coverage and potential future directions such as cognitive radio and mesh networks.
Hybrid/Fiber Coax (HFC) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks can deliver new interactive services by increasing network capacity through optoelectronic technology. Optoelectronics allows operators to extend fiber deeper into networks, better utilize existing bandwidth, and economically increase bandwidth. New technologies like high-power 1550nm transmitters and digital SONET multiplexers help increase capacity on HFC networks and fiber backbones to efficiently deliver interactive video, data, and voice services.
1) The document provides an introduction to microwave radio communication fundamentals and IP applications. It discusses topics such as microwave spectrum, terrestrial microwave links and applications, microwave range, how microwave radios communicate, and extenders range with repeaters.
2) It then covers Layer 2 radio technology, the importance of propagation analysis, antennas and feeder systems, and RF protection. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate key concepts.
3) The goal is to provide network engineers an understanding of microwave fundamentals needed to design carrier Ethernet and IP microwave networks that transport voice, data, and online media with requirements for quality of service and reliability.
This document outlines the key concepts and objectives to be covered in a chapter about wireless communication. It provides a brief history of wireless communication from its beginnings with Hertz, Marconi and early radio through the development of technologies like cellular networks, pagers, and cordless phones. It describes the evolution of wireless communication technologies over time from early radio telegraphy through modern cellular systems that use digital modulation schemes and personal communication systems.
This document discusses several key concepts in mobile computing and cellular networks. It begins by explaining spectrum management and the concepts of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA). It then provides a brief history of early radiotelephone systems and their limitations. The document goes on to explain the three basic communication modes, the three components of a basic cellular system, and factors that influence radio propagation in a mobile environment such as multipath. It concludes by discussing the need for multiple access techniques, and explaining the differences between circuit switching and packet switching.
This document discusses LTE-U and its operation in unlicensed spectrum. It covers key topics such as:
1) LTE-U uses carrier aggregation to combine licensed LTE spectrum with unlicensed bands like 5GHz to boost data rates.
2) It employs listen-before-talk and dynamic frequency selection to share spectrum fairly with WiFi and avoid interference.
3) Qualcomm developed LTE-U to bring LTE's benefits like speed and capacity to unlicensed spectrum for use cases like offloading cellular traffic.
The document provides a historical overview of the evolution of mobile networks from 1G to 3G. It discusses the key developments and standards for each generation including the first 1G analog networks in the late 1970s/early 1980s (NMT, AMPS, TACS), the introduction of 2G digital networks and standards in the early 1990s (GSM, CDMA, TDMA), the transition to 2.5G/2.75G networks with GPRS and EDGE in the late 1990s/early 2000s, and the launch of the first 3G UMTS networks in the early 2000s providing speeds up to 2Mbps. It also discusses the organizations involved in developing mobile communication standards like
Today, we talk about the 5G NR MIMO Transmission ways. What are the required transmission schemes for NR MIMO?
There are three implementation options for the 5G NR beam assignment, which are analog, digital, and hybrid beam assignment. For these implementations, both multibeam-based and single-beam-based approaches should be considered. But what are the required transmission schemes for the 5G NR MIMO?
Microwave communication by abhishek mahajanabhimaha09
This document discusses microwave communication and digital microwave communication systems. It defines microwave frequencies as ranging from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, but focuses on 3 GHz to 30 GHz for communication. Digital microwave communication modulates a digital baseband signal onto an intermediate frequency or directly onto a microwave carrier using techniques like PSK, QAM, ASK, and FSK. It describes the development of analog and digital microwave systems over time with increasing transmission capacities. It also discusses different types of digital microwave stations and relay stations.
- Budget/Stadium Towing are looking to consolidate their incompatible two-way radio systems into a single system.
- They currently use Nextel (Stadium) and Bearcom LTR trunking radios (Budget). Bearcom offers better coverage for their needs and more cost-effective unlimited airtime.
- The proposal recommends upgrading both companies to the Bearcom LTR system, which allows adding channels/radios and talkgroups for improved coordination between the companies.
The document discusses the Next Generation Network (NGN) initiative by some telecom operators to transition from circuit-switched to packet-switched voice networks. It argues that the NGN provides few technical benefits and will require large upfront costs to upgrade infrastructure. The primary beneficiaries would be manufacturers of new network equipment, as the existing infrastructure manufacturers would lose business. Overall, subscribers and telecom providers gain little while facing higher costs, while manufacturers of new equipment push the transition mainly to create new business opportunities. The relevance and need for such a large-scale transition, given its lack of clear benefits, is questioned.
1) The document discusses new services and technologies that will evolve LTE networks in Releases 12-14 to pave the way for 5G, including support for the Internet of Things, public safety, broadcast services, and vehicular communication.
2) It describes how LTE will be enhanced through improved radio capabilities like carrier aggregation, interference cancellation, and deployment on new spectrum bands up to 5.4GHz.
3) Separate radio networks were previously needed for different uses but LTE will provide a single network solution for smartphones, IoT devices, public safety services, and broadcast TV through features introduced in 3GPP Releases 12-14.
LTE delivers higher data rates and lower latency to support new applications. It enhances the user experience for demanding applications like interactive TV and mobile video. LTE reduces the cost per gigabyte of data delivered and supports a full IP network. Global industry support is driving LTE deployments, with 113 network commitments in 46 countries and 55 networks anticipated to be launched by end of 2012. LTE provides an evolution path for existing 3G technologies and will become the single global mobile broadband standard.
The document discusses allocating part of the digital dividend spectrum in Belgium to mobile broadband. It notes that international agreements have designated spectrum between 790-862 MHz for mobile use by 2015. Mobile operators request this spectrum as mobile data usage is growing and new high-speed services are emerging. This ultra-high frequency spectrum has good propagation characteristics and would allow efficient coverage of both urban and rural areas. Allocating some of the digital dividend to mobile broadband could generate substantial economic and social benefits without negatively impacting broadcasting services.
Wireless communication for 8th sem EC VTU studentsSURESHA V
This document provides an introduction to wireless telecommunication systems and networks. It discusses the history of wireless radio technology from ancient smoke signals to modern cellular systems. The key developments include Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, Marconi's transatlantic radio transmission, the evolution of AM and FM radio, and the cellular concept of dividing cities into cells served by low-power base stations. It also describes the modern telecommunications infrastructure, including the public switched telephone network (PSTN), public data network (PDN), signaling system 7 (SS7), broadband cable systems, and the Internet.
This document discusses spectrum management. It begins by introducing radio spectrum and its importance for various applications. It then discusses trends driving increased spectrum demand, such as growth in mobile services and new technologies. This has placed pressure on regulators to balance competing spectrum needs. The document outlines the international, regional, and national frameworks for spectrum management, including the roles of the International Telecommunication Union and national regulatory administrations in allocating and assigning spectrum licenses. The objectives of spectrum management are to achieve technical and economic efficiencies while also meeting public policy goals.
This document provides an overview of digital microwave communication principles and concepts. It begins with an introduction explaining that the course is intended to educate engineers on the basics of digital microwave communications. It then outlines the learning objectives, which include explaining the concepts, components, networking modes, propagation principles, anti-fading technologies, and design of microwave transmission links. The document also includes sections on the history and development of microwave communication, definitions of key terms, modulation techniques, frame structures, equipment types, and antenna technology.
The document discusses spectrum management in Indonesia. It provides an overview of spectrum radio frequency management, policy planning and progress reports, spectrum licensing and usage, and problems and future challenges. Spectrum is a limited natural resource that is regulated and allocated to various users and services like broadcasting, cellular, and satellite. Licensing procedures are based on radio stations and bandwidth. Issues include inconsistent regional licensing and a need for stronger management institutions and human resources to handle complex problems and future technology trends.
This white paper discusses opportunities for improving the energy efficiency of 5G networks. It outlines how 5G networks can achieve a massive capacity boost while keeping energy consumption flat through various techniques, such as:
1) Implementing base station sleep modes to reduce energy consumption during low traffic periods.
2) Improving small cell energy efficiency through lower transmission power and switching off unused small cells.
3) Achieving network-level energy efficiency gains through solutions like sleep modes and improved power amplifier efficiency.
Industry-supported field trials are already demonstrating the viability of many of the
technical concepts in LTE-Advanced. The approach is to increase data rates for all
users, bring more out of small cells, dynamically adapt to network load and use of
more carriers for more speeds. Also there will be unprecedented ecosystem of handset-manufacturer, software-developers and chip-designers that will support this intelligent
network.
In this presentation we will briefly discuss principle technologies that are being adopted
in LTE-Advanced. We will understand the basics of the technologies that are under
developmental stages and look if we can contribute to their future enhancements.
The document traces the evolution of telecommunication systems from 1G to 4G networks. It discusses the development of early communication technologies like the telegraph in the 1800s. In the late 1960s, ARPANET was developed and introduced key protocols like TCP/IP that the modern Internet relies on. Each generation of cellular networks is then summarized - 1G provided analog voice calls; 2G introduced digital networks and SMS; 3G enabled mobile Internet and new applications; and 4G aimed to support high data traffic and reduce latency with new technologies like OFDMA. The conclusion discusses challenges like improving coverage and potential future directions such as cognitive radio and mesh networks.
Hybrid/Fiber Coax (HFC) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks can deliver new interactive services by increasing network capacity through optoelectronic technology. Optoelectronics allows operators to extend fiber deeper into networks, better utilize existing bandwidth, and economically increase bandwidth. New technologies like high-power 1550nm transmitters and digital SONET multiplexers help increase capacity on HFC networks and fiber backbones to efficiently deliver interactive video, data, and voice services.
1) The document provides an introduction to microwave radio communication fundamentals and IP applications. It discusses topics such as microwave spectrum, terrestrial microwave links and applications, microwave range, how microwave radios communicate, and extenders range with repeaters.
2) It then covers Layer 2 radio technology, the importance of propagation analysis, antennas and feeder systems, and RF protection. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate key concepts.
3) The goal is to provide network engineers an understanding of microwave fundamentals needed to design carrier Ethernet and IP microwave networks that transport voice, data, and online media with requirements for quality of service and reliability.
This document outlines the key concepts and objectives to be covered in a chapter about wireless communication. It provides a brief history of wireless communication from its beginnings with Hertz, Marconi and early radio through the development of technologies like cellular networks, pagers, and cordless phones. It describes the evolution of wireless communication technologies over time from early radio telegraphy through modern cellular systems that use digital modulation schemes and personal communication systems.
This document discusses several key concepts in mobile computing and cellular networks. It begins by explaining spectrum management and the concepts of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA). It then provides a brief history of early radiotelephone systems and their limitations. The document goes on to explain the three basic communication modes, the three components of a basic cellular system, and factors that influence radio propagation in a mobile environment such as multipath. It concludes by discussing the need for multiple access techniques, and explaining the differences between circuit switching and packet switching.
This document discusses LTE-U and its operation in unlicensed spectrum. It covers key topics such as:
1) LTE-U uses carrier aggregation to combine licensed LTE spectrum with unlicensed bands like 5GHz to boost data rates.
2) It employs listen-before-talk and dynamic frequency selection to share spectrum fairly with WiFi and avoid interference.
3) Qualcomm developed LTE-U to bring LTE's benefits like speed and capacity to unlicensed spectrum for use cases like offloading cellular traffic.
The document provides a historical overview of the evolution of mobile networks from 1G to 3G. It discusses the key developments and standards for each generation including the first 1G analog networks in the late 1970s/early 1980s (NMT, AMPS, TACS), the introduction of 2G digital networks and standards in the early 1990s (GSM, CDMA, TDMA), the transition to 2.5G/2.75G networks with GPRS and EDGE in the late 1990s/early 2000s, and the launch of the first 3G UMTS networks in the early 2000s providing speeds up to 2Mbps. It also discusses the organizations involved in developing mobile communication standards like
Today, we talk about the 5G NR MIMO Transmission ways. What are the required transmission schemes for NR MIMO?
There are three implementation options for the 5G NR beam assignment, which are analog, digital, and hybrid beam assignment. For these implementations, both multibeam-based and single-beam-based approaches should be considered. But what are the required transmission schemes for the 5G NR MIMO?
Microwave communication by abhishek mahajanabhimaha09
This document discusses microwave communication and digital microwave communication systems. It defines microwave frequencies as ranging from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, but focuses on 3 GHz to 30 GHz for communication. Digital microwave communication modulates a digital baseband signal onto an intermediate frequency or directly onto a microwave carrier using techniques like PSK, QAM, ASK, and FSK. It describes the development of analog and digital microwave systems over time with increasing transmission capacities. It also discusses different types of digital microwave stations and relay stations.
- Budget/Stadium Towing are looking to consolidate their incompatible two-way radio systems into a single system.
- They currently use Nextel (Stadium) and Bearcom LTR trunking radios (Budget). Bearcom offers better coverage for their needs and more cost-effective unlimited airtime.
- The proposal recommends upgrading both companies to the Bearcom LTR system, which allows adding channels/radios and talkgroups for improved coordination between the companies.
The document discusses the Next Generation Network (NGN) initiative by some telecom operators to transition from circuit-switched to packet-switched voice networks. It argues that the NGN provides few technical benefits and will require large upfront costs to upgrade infrastructure. The primary beneficiaries would be manufacturers of new network equipment, as the existing infrastructure manufacturers would lose business. Overall, subscribers and telecom providers gain little while facing higher costs, while manufacturers of new equipment push the transition mainly to create new business opportunities. The relevance and need for such a large-scale transition, given its lack of clear benefits, is questioned.
1) The document discusses new services and technologies that will evolve LTE networks in Releases 12-14 to pave the way for 5G, including support for the Internet of Things, public safety, broadcast services, and vehicular communication.
2) It describes how LTE will be enhanced through improved radio capabilities like carrier aggregation, interference cancellation, and deployment on new spectrum bands up to 5.4GHz.
3) Separate radio networks were previously needed for different uses but LTE will provide a single network solution for smartphones, IoT devices, public safety services, and broadcast TV through features introduced in 3GPP Releases 12-14.
LTE delivers higher data rates and lower latency to support new applications. It enhances the user experience for demanding applications like interactive TV and mobile video. LTE reduces the cost per gigabyte of data delivered and supports a full IP network. Global industry support is driving LTE deployments, with 113 network commitments in 46 countries and 55 networks anticipated to be launched by end of 2012. LTE provides an evolution path for existing 3G technologies and will become the single global mobile broadband standard.
5G technology will provide data rates of over 1 Gbps and enable new applications through higher bandwidth and lower latency. The presentation discusses the history and limitations of previous generations of wireless technology as well as the key concepts and technologies that 5G aims to integrate, such as a unified global standard, wearable devices with AI capabilities, and a "real wireless world" without limitations. 5G is expected to transform applications like telemedicine, traffic control, and entertainment through its high-speed connectivity and ability to support ubiquitous communication between devices.
Seminar report on Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
This document provides an introduction to using millimeter wave technology for 5G cellular networks. It discusses the limitations of current cellular spectrum and the need for higher bandwidth. Millimeter wave spectrum from 30-300GHz is proposed as a solution due to the large amounts of unused spectrum available. However, propagation characteristics and device technologies present challenges at these frequencies that must be addressed. The document outlines some of these challenges and argues that millimeter wave mobile broadband could enable gigabit-per-second data rates at distances up to 1 km in urban mobile environments.
A complete description of long term evolution including lte advanced. Study includes technical, services and strategic marketing information and gives a thorough overall picture of the technology and business.
The document discusses key technology enablers for 5G networks, including 5G radio, ultra dense heterogeneous networks, mobile edge computing, network function virtualization, software defined networking, network slicing, and internet of things. The objectives of 5G include supporting peak data rates of 10Gbps, guaranteed rates of 50Mbps, latency of 1ms for radio access and 5ms end-to-end, high mobility up to 500km/hr, location accuracy of less than a meter, and connectivity for over 1 million devices per square kilometer. 5G aims to enable a wide range of new applications through these advanced capabilities.
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
Mkt2014066467 en 9500mpr_microwave_backhaul_lte_appnoteOrlando Medina
The document discusses microwave backhaul as a solution for LTE and beyond networks. It describes the requirements of LTE networks including support for IP packet infrastructure, any-to-any communication between network elements, and synchronization. Microwave backhaul is presented as an economical alternative to fiber that can meet performance requirements and scale to support increasing LTE capacity demands. The Alcatel-Lucent 9500 Microwave Packet Radio is highlighted as an industry-leading solution that supports all required LTE backhaul functionality through its extensive portfolio and features such as adaptive modulation that optimize capacity.
- 5G networks will utilize both Non-Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA) architectures. NSA uses existing 4G infrastructure for control plane functions while SA uses the new 5G Next Generation Core.
- 3GPP has identified pioneer spectrum bands for 5G including 700MHz, 3.4-3.8GHz, and 24.25-27.5GHz bands. The 3.4-3.6GHz band will be the first new spectrum available for 5G.
- The 5G network architecture consists of control plane functions like the AMF and user plane functions like the UPF. It can be represented through logical interfaces or through the new Service Based Architecture using concepts like network
Objective is to include the brief insight on 5G network architecture and standard progress, Accumulated it from different paper/journal, vendor’s white paper and different blog.
3G networks faced issues accommodating mobile internet demand, including high costs of expanding networks. Performance was also low in densely populated and dead spot areas. IMT-Advanced networks were developed to address these issues by providing higher data rates, better mobility support, improved indoor coverage, and more compatible international roaming compared to 3G networks. WiMAX is a telecommunications technology that can provide wireless broadband internet over wide areas as an alternative to DSL and cable. It uses the IEEE 802.16 standard and can transmit data at distances of up to 30 miles.
C-band spectrum offers a balance between coverage and bandwidth that benefits 5G applications. It provides wider bandwidth than low bands but more coverage than high bands. Ensuring spectrum is cleared of existing users, precise antenna alignment due to beamforming, and meeting stringent timing requirements for TDD are key challenges for C-band 5G deployment. Solutions like interference analyzers, antenna alignment tools, and synchronization testing equipment can help operators overcome these challenges.
This document provides an overview of LTE network architecture according to 3GPP Release 8 specifications. It describes the core network elements including the MME, SGW, PGW and HSS. The radio access network consists of eNodeB base stations that interface with the core network via the S1 interface. The document also summarizes the interfaces between network elements like S1, S3, S4 and S5 and provides background on 2G, 3G and 4G mobile network standards.
LTE describes standardization work by 3GPP to define a new high-speed radio access method for mobile communications systems. Key features of LTE include significantly higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink, lower latency, flexible spectrum usage, and an evolution to an all-IP core network. LTE will enable rich new mobile broadband services like high-quality video streaming and sharing, as well as applications in areas like machine-to-machine communication.
LTE is an emerging mobile network technology that offers faster data speeds and increased network capacity compared to 3G. It is being widely adopted internationally, with over 80 commercial LTE networks expected by the end of 2012. Early country adopters include Sweden, Norway, and South Korea. Mobile operators are investing heavily in LTE networks to handle rapidly growing mobile data traffic and meet consumer demand for bandwidth-intensive applications. LTE is available in different spectrum bands depending on the country and is projected to accelerate the growth of mobile broadband subscribers and data usage worldwide.
Wimax - Opportunites for Developing Nationskamalmittal1
The document provides an overview of WiMAX technology, standards, and deployments. It discusses key WiMAX concepts like OFDM, adaptive modulation and coding. It also covers spectrum bands used for WiMAX around the world and advantages/challenges of licensed vs unlicensed spectrum. Market drivers and the ecosystem supporting WiMAX are described.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Stephen Temple, 5G Innovation Centre (5GIC) - Wher...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 2 Meeting – 25 September 2014
Stephen Temple, 5G Innovation Centre (5GIC)
Where is the spectrum for a “small-cell” 5G mobile revolution?
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
This document discusses Motorola's approach to migrating GSM networks to LTE networks. It highlights that GSM has an immense installed base but LTE will provide higher data speeds. Motorola's solution allows operators to initially deploy GSM and later upgrade equipment to LTE, leveraging existing sites. Motorola has conducted trials of their LTE technology and ecosystem and will begin commercial releases in late 2009. Their solution aims to help operators transition networks from GSM to LTE.
The document discusses coverage issues in LTE/LTE-Advanced networks and potential solutions. It identifies that key uplink channels like the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for medium data rates and uplink voice over IP (VoIP) have significantly worse coverage compared to other channels. The document then outlines several potential solutions to enhance coverage of LTE networks, including improving transmission power efficiency, using low power nodes for coverage extension, and enhancing interference coordination.
LTE networks get more mature and new terminals of different capabilities are being introduced. 3GPP just defined the new LTE-A UE categories to support terminals with peak data rates of up to 450 Mbps in the downlink. This white paper provides an overview of all existing LTE/LTE-A UE categories and presents the new Release 11 capabilities that have just been standardized. Furthermore it describes key scenarios and use cases such as the support for downlink carrier aggregation with 3 downlink carriers with up to 60 MHz of total bandwidth.
Similar to Spectrum Analysis for Future LTE Deployments (20)
LTE-Advanced improves upon LTE technology to meet the requirements for ITU's IMT-Advanced specification. This document summarizes the key technology components of LTE-Advanced, including band aggregation, enhanced multiple-input multiple-output antenna techniques, improved uplink transmission, coordinated multipoint transmission and reception, and the use of relay stations. LTE-Advanced aims to provide peak data rates of 1 Gbps downstream and 500 Mbps upstream, reduced latency, increased spectrum efficiency, and high throughput for cell edge users.
Future Technologies and Testing for Fixed Mobile Convergence,SAE and LTE in C...Going LTE
This white paper discusses future technologies for fixed-mobile convergence including LTE and SAE. It defines fixed-mobile convergence as providing consistent services via any fixed or mobile access point. The paper describes the motivation for convergence including mobility and consistent services. It outlines the LTE/SAE introduction and technologies including the evolved packet core and all-IP architecture. Key aspects of LTE such as physical layer channels and protocols are also summarized. The purpose is to support an integrated network through the IP Multimedia Subsystem for high-speed mobile experiences comparable to fixed broadband.
LTE is the next generation network beyond 3G that will provide significantly higher throughput and lower latency compared to 3G. It will use an all-IP architecture and OFDM and MIMO technologies to improve spectral efficiency and capacity. LTE aims to deliver 3-5 times greater capacity than advanced 3G networks, lower the cost per bit, and improve the quality of experience for users through reduced latency of around 20ms compared to 120ms for typical 3G networks. Mobile network operators have a unique opportunity to evolve their networks to LTE to capitalize on increasing demand for wireless broadband and further grow their market share.
This document discusses how LTE subscribers will behave differently than 3G subscribers and outlines requirements for an evolved Subscriber Data Management (eSDM) solution. Key points include:
1) LTE subscribers will use multiple devices and expect service ubiquity across devices and networks.
2) An eSDM solution is needed to consolidate subscriber information across access networks and domains to provide a personalized experience.
3) The solution must be highly scalable, reliable, and flexible to support new applications and services utilizing the large LTE network pipes.
LTE is being developed to address challenges in the mobile market including increasing mobile data usage and consumer demand for broadband speeds. LTE will provide significantly higher data rates and network capacity compared to 3G technologies. This will enable new applications like HD video streaming and improve the user experience. LTE also offers a lower cost per bit which can help operators offer affordable flat rate data plans while maintaining profitability. Seamless handovers between LTE and other networks will provide continuous connectivity and allow content to be accessed across multiple devices.
LTE Flat Rate Pricing for Competitve AdvantageGoing LTE
1) The document discusses how flat rate pricing plans and the convergence of wireless telephony and broadband will drive more subscribers and data traffic, necessitating the use of 4G LTE and WiMAX technologies to serve mass market demand.
2) It argues that features like flat rate plans, smart phones entering the mainstream, and the buildout of 3.5G networks will result in more subscribers using more wireless data.
3) The document concludes that 4G technologies are needed to effectively deliver high-capacity mobile broadband to mass market consumers and handle the increased traffic that will come from widespread adoption of smart phones and flat rate plans.
This technical white paper provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE):
1) LTE is being developed as the latest mobile network technology by 3GPP to improve end user throughput and latency. 2) LTE uses a new Evolved Packet Core network architecture and Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, separating control plane and user plane functions. 3) LTE aims to provide downlink peak rates of 100Mbps and uplink of 50Mbps, low latency, and improved spectrum flexibility.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
Upgrade Strategies for Mass Market Mobile BroadbandGoing LTE
The document discusses upgrade strategies for mass market mobile broadband as wireless data demand explodes. It finds that the combination of widespread 3.5G networks, flat data rates, and internet-enabled phones will lead to spectrum exhaustion by 2010. While upgrades to 3.5G like HSPA+ can provide some relief, the economic advantages of LTE's high capacity through technologies like OFDMA and MIMO mean it is better suited to deliver affordable broadband at scale. Operators choosing an early deployment of LTE can gain a competitive advantage over investing in interim upgrades and may need fewer cell sites to meet future demand growth.
LTE is a 4G mobile broadband standard that aims to succeed 3G technologies like GSM/UMTS. It provides wireless broadband services using radio signals and allows for uplink speeds up to 50 Mbps and downlink speeds up to 100 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth. While deployment won't be widespread until 2012, LTE reduces latency to 10 milliseconds between user equipment and base stations. Users will need an LTE modem in a format like USB, ExpressCard or embedded in devices to access the LTE network on phones, PDAs and laptops.
VoLGA: Voice over LTE Via Generic Access
By: Kineto Wireless, Inc.
Why mobile operators are
looking to the 3GPP GAN standard
to deliver core telephony and SMS
services over LTE
LTE TDD uses time division duplexing to separate uplink and downlink transmissions on the same frequency band. It divides each 10ms frame into uplink and downlink timeslots. Key aspects of LTE TDD include its frame structure with special subframes containing DwPTS, GP and UpPTS fields, supported frequency bands and bandwidths, and physical channels such as PDSCH, PDCCH, and PRACH that operate differently than in LTE FDD. Network planning requires consideration of uplink/downlink configuration and propagation delays between base stations and mobile stations.
LTE Mobile Broadband Ecosystem:The Global OpportunityGoing LTE
The report finds that there is strong industry commitment to deploying LTE mobile broadband networks over the next few years. Major mobile operators like Verizon, NTT DoCoMo, China Mobile, and TeliaSonera have announced plans to launch LTE networks and many vendors have developed LTE technology roadmaps. Growing demand for mobile data driven by services like video will require the improved capabilities of LTE such as higher speeds and capacity. End users are enthusiastic about mobile broadband applications and see opportunities for new location and vehicle-based services enabled by LTE. For LTE to succeed, the ecosystem of devices, infrastructure and applications will need to develop to support the new network technology and meet rising user expectations around performance and functionality
This document provides a comparison of LTE and WiMax technologies. It discusses their network architectures, supported services, mobility capabilities, access technologies, performance metrics like data rates and spectrum efficiency, and limitations. While the technologies have similar performance under comparable conditions, LTE has some advantages like higher data rates, efficiency, and support for full 3GPP mobility and interoperability. The success of each technology will depend on operators' individual situations and strategies.
3 G Americas Rysavy Research Hspa Lte Advanced Sept2009Going LTE
This document provides an overview of wireless broadband developments, including a discussion of 3G and 4G technologies such as HSPA, LTE, and WiMAX. It compares the throughput, latency, and spectral efficiency of these technologies. The document also reviews the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 4G, including enhancements to HSPA, LTE, and evolved EDGE. It examines 3GPP developments like IMS and the EPC that facilitate new services and integration with fixed networks.
Technical Overview of LTE ( Hyung G. Myung)Going LTE
The document provides a technical overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution). It discusses the evolution of cellular wireless systems from 1G to 3G, and the development of 4G technologies including 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 UMB, and IEEE 802.16m. It describes the key requirements, enabling technologies, features, and standard specifications of 3GPP LTE. It also outlines the LTE protocol architecture and network architecture, including the roles of eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW nodes.
2. Abstract
LTE promises to deliver an unrivalled user experience with ultra fast
broadband, very low latency, services while also delivering a very compelling
business proposition for operators with flexible spectrum bandwidth, smooth
migration and the ability to deliver low cost per bit voice and data services.
With LTE’s ability to interconnect with other access technologies, operators
will be able to converge their LTE and fixed line broadband networks giving
them the ability to provide subscribers with a seamless experience.
Radio frequency is a valuable and finite resource and, today, there is simply
not enough to satisfy demand. The need for spectrum is being driven by the
pervasive convenience of mobile communications and increased penetra-
tion combined with improved performance and the falling costs of wireless
devices & services. Existing and new Mobile Broadband networks will quickly
consume existing spectrum allocations as they deliver a highly compelling
user experience by allowing multimedia applications anywhere.
In the near future, operators will be presented with, and challenged by, new
and exciting opportunities to deploy LTE based mobile broadband services
but like with any new network technology, comes the question of spectrum.
This document provides an overview of the spectrum trends relating to LTE,
highlighting the issues and opportunities that potentially lie ahead.
3. above mentioned schedule and the current
Industry Perspective & Trends level of activity related to spectrum regulation
The wireless industry has seen explosive and allocation, it is likely that the information
growth in the demand for both voice and contained in this paper will require regular revision
data services over the past several years. The to remain accurate.
number of mobile telephone subscribers, as
well as usage rates, has grown considerably, Advanced Wireless Services
and carriers have been upgrading their networks
with advanced technologies in order to deploy (AWS)
both high-quality voice services and innovative In September 2006 the FCC completed an auction
data services. Historically spectrum has been of AWS licenses (“Auction No. 66”) in which the
heavily regulated. However, that is changing and winning bidders won a total of 1,087 licenses. In
regulation is becoming more flexible, or technology the spirit of the U.S. government’s free-market
neutral, ultimately allowing service providers to policies, the FCC does not usually mandate that
more effectively address the demands of the specific technologies be used in specific bands.
marketplace. Therefore, owners of AWS spectrum are free to
use it for just about any 2G, 3G or 4G, technology.
Service providers and equipment vendors are
driving innovations and the latest wireless This spectrum uses 1.710-1.755 GHz for the
technology are improving the efficiency of uplink and 2.110-2.155 GHz for the downlink.
spectrum used- getting more capacity out of a 90 MHz of spectrum divided this into six
given bandwidth. Other emerging technologies frequency blocks A through F Blocks A, B, and F
.
such as WiMAX are also now lobbying for spectrum are 20 megahertz each and blocks C, D, and E,
allocations to support the roll out of wireless are 10 megahertz each.
broadband services which makes the spectrum
subject a very hot topic in all regions. The FCC wanted to harmonized its “new” AWS
spectrum as closely as possible with Europe’s
UMTS 2100 band. However, the lower half of
Europe’s UMTS 2100 band almost completely
overlaps with the U.S PCS band, so complete
Figure 1. LTE Deployment Scenario
harmonization wasn’t an option. Given the
constraint the FCC harmonized AWS as much
as possible with the rest of the world. The upper
LTE Potential Spectrum AWS band lines up with Europe’s UMTS 2100
base transmit band, and the lower AWS band
LTE and WIMAX have their own benefits and aligns with Europe’s GSM 1800 mobile
are suited to address different target market transmit band.
segments; one of the key differentiator is that
WiMAX is primarily TDD (Time-Division-Duplex)
and will address operators that have unpaired 700 MHz
spectrum whereas LTE is FDD (Frequency-Division- In the U.S. this commercial spectrum was
Duplex) and will address operators that have paired auctioned in April 2008. The auction included 62
spectrum. Time Division Duplexing allows the MHz of spectrum broken into 4 blocks; Lower A
up-link and down-link to share the same spectrum (12 MHz), Lower B (12 MHz), Lower E (6 MHz
where as Frequency Division Duplexing allows that unpaired) , Upper C (22 MHz), Upper D (10 MHz).
the up-link and down-link to transmit on different These bands are highly prized chunks of spectrum
frequencies. 3GGP LTE standards are planned for and a tremendous resource: the low frequency is
completion by beginning of 2008, and the industry efficient and will allow for a network that doesn’t
believes the first deployments of LTE network are require a dense buildout and provides better in-
likely to take place at the end of 2009, beginning building penetration than higher frequency bands.
of 2010.
In 2005 the President signed into law the Digital
In the section, we will look at the most probable Television Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005
FDD spectrum bands suitable for the future setting February 17 2009 as the date that all U.S.
,
deployment of LTE but bearing in mind the TV stations must complete the transition from
3 WHITE PAPER: Spectrum Analysis for Future LTE Deployments
4. analog to digital broadcasts including vacating to substantially improve end-user throughputs,
the 700 MHz radio frequency spectrum thereby sector capacity and reduce user plane latency while
making it fully available for new services. delivering a significantly improved user experience.
UMTS can only be deployed once a full 5 MHz of
The upper C block came along with “open access” spectrum is freed up and the availability of mobile
rules. In the FCC’s context “open access” means devices able to support 900 MHz is not planned until
that there would be “no locking and no blocking” 2008-2009 at the earliest. For these reasons some
by the network operator. That is, the licensee must operators are considering keeping that freed-up GSM
allow any device to be connected to the network spectrum until LTE becomes available beginning of
so long as the devices are compatible with, and 2010.
do not harm the network (i.e., no “locking”),
and cannot impose restrictions against content, In effect, with LTE’s ability to be deployed in
applications, or services that may be accessed spectrum bands as small as 1.25 MHz it provides
over the network (i.e., no “blocking”). The upper good initial deployment scalability as it can be literally
D block did not meet the $1.3 billion reserve “squeezed” in the GSM freed-up spectrum and grow
price. This spectrum will likely be reauctioned in in that spectrum to maximize the use of whatever
the future with a new set of requirements that spectrum becomes available. With the improved
could give rise to a licensee capable of addressing spectrum efficiency, LTE deployment in the 900 MHz
first responders’ interoperability and broadband band would bring the highest capacity benefit and
requirements. also provide operators the ability to deploy an LTE
network with greater coverage at a much reduced
Indications are strong that in Europe, and much cost compared to higher frequency spectrum hence
of the rest of the world, the so-called digital provide a good mobile broadband data countrywide
dividend-the freeing up of spectrum brought about layer.
by the switch from analog to digital TV- will allow
a significant amount of spectrum to be carved out Finally, deploying LTE in 900MHz also bring the
for wireless broadband in the UHF band. While the additional cost and logistic benefits of being able to
details of the amount and location of the dividend deploy LTE at existing GSM sites as the coverage of
outside of the U.S are still being debated, the GSM/LTE in 900MHz should not be dissimilar.
expectation is that allocations will align with, or
as closely as possible with the U.S. allocations in It is not envisioned that operators in Europe would
order to facilitate Global Roaming. shut down their GSM networks as GSM still
provides the backbone of voice communication and
global roaming. GSM networks with EDGE or future
Refarming GSM 900 MHz E-EDGE upgrade do provide a good data sub-layer
The 900 MHz band is not only the most ubiquitous to hand over to, when, initially, LTE coverage will not
and the most harmonized worldwide wireless available. The most likely scenario is that LTE at 900
telecommunication spectrum band available MHz could run alongside GSM900 for a 5-10 year
today but also has the benefit of increased period after which time a GSM shutdown might be
coverage and subsequent reduction in network considered. The willingness of operators to commit
deployment costs compared to deployments at to refarming 900 MHz will in many cases hinge
higher frequencies, making it a highly strategic on discussions at EU level on the continuing legal
spectrum band. Furthermore, 900MHz offers applicability of the GSM Directives.
improved building penetration and is particularly
well suited to supporting those regions that have a IMT Extension Band
predominantly rural population.
WRC-2000 identified three additional bands for
The ongoing subscriber migration from GSM to terrestrial IMT-2000 including 2500-2690 MHz. As
UMTS taking place in over 150 countries worldwide a result, starting in 2008, as much as 140 MHz of
is relieving pressure on the GSM900 networks and IMT2000 FDD expansion spectrum will be allocated
is starting to free up some spectrum capacity in in Europe; 2500-2570 MHz for uplink and 2620- 2690
that band. MHz for downlink. Additionally up to 50 MHz (2570
MHz-2620 MHz) will be allocated as an unpaired
In consequence many operators are evaluating the TDD band As a globally common band plan it will
potential for deploying UMTS (HSPA/HSPA+) in this also enable economies of scale and global roaming.
band. Compared to HSPA/HSPA+, LTE is expected Norway and Sweden have completed their auctions,
4 WHITE PAPER: Spectrum Analysis for Future LTE Deployments
5. and the Netherlands, Germany, Austria and the Other Candidate Bands
U.K. have auctions planned. These countries will
be among the first European markets to auction GSM 1800: Interest from Americas, Asia Pac
the 2500 MHz spectrum that will be used for and some countries in EMEA, especially for the
mobile broadband. refarming of existing GSM spectrum.
UMTS Core Band 2.1 GHz: This is the core 3-3.5G
Country Spectrum Date band for EMEA and AsiaPac with deployments of
networks in over 150 countries. Most operators
Norway 2500 MHz - 2690 MHz Completed were awarded 2, 3 and in some limited instances
Sweden 2500 MHz - 2690 MHz Completed 4 x 5 MHz carriers in this spectrum band. Most
operators are so far only used one band but with
United 2500 MHz - 2690 MHz Q3/Q4 2008
mobile data growth and subscriber migration to
Kingdom
UMTS/HSPA, it is yet unclear if and how many
Germany 2500 MHz - 2690 MHz Q209 carriers will be available in that band for LTE
services in 2009-2010.
It is likely that LTE will be deployed in the FDD PCS 1900: Alternative to core band, which is not
portion of this band due to its benefits as compared available in EMEA. Service providers may refarm
to HSPA/HSPA+. In addition, this band is the only this spectrum in the U.S after new 700 MHz and
one of 2 bands that offers the unique opportunity AWS spectrum is consumed.
for the deployment of LTE in maximum spectrum
bandwidth by providing channels of up to 20 MHz. Cellular 850: Refarm this spectrum in the U.S.
In that sense, it is largely expected that current after new 700 MHz and AWS spectrum is
mobile operators will try and secure the maximum consumed.
20 MHz allocation to provide them with the ability
to support future mobile broadband capacity
requirements.
Figure 2. Candidate Bands for LTE
1 See http://www.itu.int/md/R07-WRC07-R-0001
5 WHITE PAPER: Spectrum Analysis for Future LTE Deployments
6. Future Spectrum Requirements
Report ITU-R M.2078 projects overall spectrum One of the goals of WRC-07 was to identify
requirements for the future development of additional, harmonized, worldwide spectrum, to
IMT-2000 and for IMT-Advanced. The results assert enable global roaming services while bringing
that additional spectrum demand of between 500 economies of scale for vendors. In this regard,
MHz and 1 GHz will be needed in all ITU Regions WRC-07 identified the 450-470 MHz and 2300-2400
by 2020. MHz bands for IMT (which includes both IMT-2000
and IMT-Advanced) on a global basis. In addition,
This report expresses traffic growth factors of 2 WRC-07 identified portions or all of 698-862 MHz
to 3 by 2010 for Europe compared to today. It is and 3400-3600 MHz. The identification and use of
clear that existing bands will not be enough for these band varies from region-to-region and country-
IMT services after approximately year 2015 and to-country as detailed in the Table 1.
additional bands are needed. In order to deliver
a true broadband experience, large blocks of The Final Acts from WRC-07 provide full details on
spectrum will need to be identified and allocated. these identifications.
Tabnle 1. WRC-07 IMT Identifications
WRC-07 made positive steps towards making spectrum available for future LTE deployments. In particular,
WRC-07 began the process of migrating broadcast spectrum in the 698-806 MHz band to mobile
applications. The next steps will be working with individual countries to ensure spectrum is recovered
and licensed for mobile systems at a national or regional level around the world. In addition, achieving an
internationally harmonized band plan for use of the spectrum is also important.
6 WHITE PAPER: Spectrum Analysis for Future LTE Deployments
7. Conclusion
The ability to take advantage of new spectrum allocations and the opportunity
to potentially refarm existing GSM spectrum are two key areas that will en-
able LTE deployments. Enhancing network equipment capabilities presents
new deployment opportunities, economies of scale and opens up markets
that were previously inaccessible.
Over the next several years the spectrum landscape will change along with
the complex industry dynamics and oncoming spectrum auctions in the 2.5-
2.6 GHz bands will have a direct influence on the LTE ecosystem and in which
band LTE will be deployed. Furthermore the identification of new IMT mobile
bands at WRC-07 (450-470 MHz, 2300-2400 MHz, 698-862 MHz and 3400-
3600 MHz) will help fulfill the projected need for future bandwidth as well as
facilitate global roaming.
Compared to HSPA/HSPA+, LTE is expected to substantially improve end-
user throughputs, sector capacity and reduce user plane latency while
delivering a significantly improved user experience. As such its likely that
service providers will wait to deploy LTE in the refarmed 900 MHz and newly
licensed 2.5-2.6 GHz bands.
As with any new networks, the early availability of highly functional and cost
effective handsets and infrastructure equipment is essential to the success of
LTE. As with the legacy network technologies, it is expected that the industry
will agree on a unified LTE candidate band list in order to maximize availability
and economy of scale as well as enable an LTE global roaming experience
similar to what subscribers are enjoying today with GSM.
Motorola’s LTE roadmap supports a wide range of frequencies, aligning with
the growing needs of service providers globally as new bands receive the
necessary regulatory approval and service provider allocation.
Operating and capital expenses will be reduced as Motorola helps you plan
and optimize use of your spectrum allocations. Motorola’s extensive OFDM
experience will allow our network planning team to utilize our proven and
proprietary tools to optimize network architecture and topology according
to your new and existing allocated frequency bands. In addition Motorola
can also recommend value added applications to further increase the
effectiveness and competitiveness of your network.
Motorola will spawn compelling opportunities with a market leading LTE
ecosystem and industry recognized services. Our Mobile Broadband solution
will help you get the most out of your deployment opportunities and maximize
your return on investment while enjoying the benefits of seamless mobility.