The document discusses two types of tests: norm-referenced tests (NRTs) and criterion-referenced tests (CRTs). NRTs measure global language abilities and compare student performance to others, following a normal distribution. CRTs measure specific instructional objectives and compare student performance to a set criterion or standard. The key differences between the tests are that NRTs use relative interpretation to compare students, measure general proficiency, and aim to rank students, while CRTs use absolute interpretation to measure objective-based learning, specific content mastery, and assess learning against a set standard.

1. Norm-Referenced &
Criterion-Referenced Tests
Assigned By : Dr.Amjad Ali Arian
Prepared By : Muhammad Asif

2. Different Types of Tests
1. Norm Referenced Tests (NRT)
 Measure global language abilities.
 Compare students’ performance to others.
2. Criterion Referenced Tests
 Measure specific instructional objectives
 Compares students’ performance to a specific
criterion (Objectives or Standard)

3. NRT & CRT
NRT
1. Administrators
2. Proficiency tests
(TOEFL)
3. Percentile
4. Normal Distribution
5. Predictability of form
& content
CRT
1. Teachers
2. Achievement Tests
3. Percentage
4. Criterion (objectives,
Standards)
5. Unpredictability of
form & content

4. NRT & CRT Differences
1. Type of Interpretation
2. Type of Measurement
3. Purpose of Testing
4. Distribution of Scores
5. Test Structure
6. Knowledge of Questions

5. Type of Interpretation
NRT Relative
Student’s performance is compared to those
of other students in percentile terms.
CRT Absolute
Student’s performance is compared to the
percentage of material learned.

6. Type of Measurement
NRT: Measures general language
abilities or proficiency
CRT: Measures specific objective-
based language points

7. Purpose of Testing
NRT: Spreading students out along a
continuum of general abilities or
proficiency
CRT: Assessing the amount of material
learned by each student

8. Distribution of Scores
NRT: Normal distribution of scores
around the mean
CRT: Varies, often non-normal

9. Test Structure
NRT: A few long subtests with a
variety of item contents
CRT: A series of short, well-
defined subtests with similar item
contents

10. Knowledge of Questions
NRT: Students have no idea about
the content in test items
CRT: Students know exactly what
content to expect in test items

11. THANK YOU