This document discusses different sampling techniques used in research. It defines sampling as selecting a small portion of a larger population to make generalizations about. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where every member has a chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where not every member has an equal chance. Some common non-probability techniques discussed are purposive sampling, convenience sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each technique.

1. SHEFEENA.K.M
M.Ed STUDENT
NSS TRAINING COLLEGE
OTTAPALAM

2. Sampling

3. Measuring a small portion of something and then
making a general statement about the whole
thing.

4.  Process of selecting a number of units for a
study in such a way that the units represent
the larger group from which they are selected.
Sampling is a process of collection of data.
Sampling is a good representative of the
population.

5. Techniques

6. Probability
Sampling Non-Probability
Sampling

7. Probability Sampling

8. Non-Probability sampling

9. Characteristics

10.  There is no idea of population.
 There is no probability of selecting any
individual.
 It has free distribution.
 The observations are not used for
generalization purpose.
 Non-parametric or non-inferential statistics
are used.
 There is no risk for drawing conclusions.

11. Non-Probability Sampling
Advantages Disadvantages
The sampling is not a proportion of the
population.
Convenient.
The selection depends upon the
situation.
Far less complicated to set up.
No assurance is given that each item has
a chance of being included as a sample.
A prelude to the main study.

12. Types

13. Purposive sampling

14.  Start with a purpose in mind.
 The sample is selected to include people of
interest.
 Exclude those who do not suit the purpose.
 Samples are chosen well, based on a certain
criterion.
 There is assurance of quality responses.
 Biased selection of samples may occur.
 Time-consuming process.

15. Convenience sampling

16.  Samples most available are chosen.
 Samples are familiar to the researcher.
 Saves time, money and effort.
 Easy data collection through a known group or
class. Examples are friends, co-workers etc.
 No accurate way to assess representativeness of
samples.
 Possible restrictions of generalization about the
study findings.

17. Quota sampling

18.  A quota is established.
 There is freedom to choose any respondent as long as
the quota is met.
 Subjects are recruited as they arrive and the
researcher will assign them to demographic groups
based on variables like age, gender or educational
background.
 Each stratum is generally represented.
 Time-consuming.

19. Snowball sampling

20.  Is done with the help of study subjects to choose
other potential subjects.
 A useful tool for building networks and
increasing the number of participants.
 Very good for locating people of specific
population.
 Can quickly find people who are experts on a
field.
 Heavily reliant on skill of the individual.
 A time consuming process.

21. Conclusion

22. On the basis of sample study, we can predict
and generalize the behavior of the population.
Most researchers come to a conclusion of their
study by studying a small sample from the
huge population or universe. It is widely used
in qualitative research.