Nomenclature Part 3
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This document discusses naming and writing formulas for polyatomic and binary covalent compounds. It provides the following rules: 1) For polyatomic ionic compounds, identify and name the cation and anion, then combine the names with the cation first followed by the anion. 2) For binary covalent compounds composed of two non-metals, the first element is named first using its full name, and the second element name uses the suffix "-ide". 3) Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms present, with "mono-" only used for the second element. Examples of common prefixes are given. 4) To write formulas from names, identify the cation and anion,
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2) Conversions within the metric system involve moving the decimal point a consistent number of places to the right or left based on the prefix in use.
3) Scientific notation expresses very large or small numbers in a standardized form of a number between 1 and 10, multiplied by a power of 10. Conversions between scientific and standard notation involve moving the decimal accordingly.
Nuclear Decay
The document discusses various types of nuclear decay:
- Alpha decay involves emitting an alpha particle (helium nucleus), decreasing the atomic number by 2 and mass number by 4.
- Beta decay involves changing a neutron to a proton and emitting an electron, increasing the atomic number by 1 while keeping the same mass number.
- Electron capture involves capturing an electron by a proton to form a neutron, decreasing the atomic number by 1 while keeping the same mass number.
- Positron emission involves changing a proton to a neutron and emitting a positron, decreasing the atomic number by 1 while keeping the same mass number.
- Gamma decay involves emitting high energy gamma rays without changing mass or atomic number.
Periodic Trends
1) Periodic trends refer to how properties of elements change regularly when arranged in order of increasing atomic number. These properties include atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.
2) Atomic radius generally increases moving left to right and decreases moving up a group. Ionization energy follows the opposite trend, increasing up and right as atomic radius decreases. Electronegativity also increases up and right.
3) The trends are due to changes in the number of protons, electrons, and shielding of core electrons that affect the attraction between electrons and the nucleus across the periodic table.
Periodic Table E Config
The document discusses the organization and structure of the periodic table. It explains that the periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number and that new rows are added to accommodate elements with repeating properties in each column. It then discusses various models that describe the structure of atoms, including the Bohr model, quantum mechanical model, electron shells, orbitals, and electron configurations.
Periodic Table E Config
The document discusses the organization and structure of the periodic table. It explains that the periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number and that new rows are added to accommodate elements with repeating properties in each column. It then discusses various models that describe the organization and location of electrons in atoms, including the Bohr model, quantum mechanical model, electron orbitals, and electron configurations.
Nomenclature Bingo
This document contains the chemical formulas or names of various substances that could be used in a chemistry bingo game. There are over 30 different chemicals listed, ranging from common salts and oxides to more complex compounds involving metals, nonmetals, and transition metals. The variety of substances mentioned provide many options for calling out formulas and getting bingo in a game focused on chemical names and formulas.
Chemical Bonding Part 1
A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together, causing them to function as a single unit. There are three main types of bonds: ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds form between a metal and nonmetal when electrons are transferred from one atom to the other, creating oppositely charged ions. Polar covalent bonds involve the unequal sharing of electrons between two nonmetals. Covalent bonds equally share electrons between two nonmetals. Bonds are important because they determine how atoms interact and undergo chemical reactions.
Ions & Isotopes
Ion - an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge. Ions are formed by gaining or losing electrons, not protons. Cations have a positive charge and are formed by losing electrons. Anions have a negative charge and are formed by gaining electrons. The periodic table shows which elements tend to form which ions based on their group, with groups 1, 2, 6 and 7 typically forming cations or anions.
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