Nobel prize in_literature

Breathings of a H e a r t
( A Booklet of The Nobel Prize
w i n n e r s (laureate) i n English
Literature
B y the students of
Th i rd Ye a r (2017 –2020)
Second Ye a r (2018 –2021)
First Ye a r (2019 –2022)

Preface
Among the five prizes provided for in Alfred Nobel’s will (1895), one was
intended for the person who, in the literary field, had produced “the most
outstanding work in an ideal direction”. The Laureate should be determined by
“the Academy in Stockholm”, which was specified by the statutes of the Nobel
Foundation to mean the Swedish Academy. These statutes defined literature as
“not only belles-lettres, but also other writings which, by virtue of their form
and style, possess literary value”. At the same time, the restriction to works
presented “during the preceding year” was softened: “older works” could be
considered “if their significance has not become apparent until recently”. It was
also stated that candidates must be nominated in writing by those entitled to do
so before 1 February each year.
Alfred Nobel had broad cultural interests. During his early youth, he developed
his literary interests which lasted throughout his life. His library consisted of a
rich and broad selection of literature in different languages. During the last
years of his life, he tried his hand as an author and began writing fiction.
Literature was the fourth prize area Nobel mentioned in his will. (Nobel Prize
organization)
“Breathings of a Heart” contains basic information about Nobel laureates who
won Nobel Prize in literature from the year of 1901 to 2019. There are 112
Literature prizes, 15 women got awarded, 41 youngest laureates and 88 oldest
laureates, total there 116 laureates who received Nobel Prize in literature.
Nobody has received Nobel Prize in literature in the years of 1935, 1940, 1941,
1942, and 1943.
“Breathings of a Heart” is prepared by the students of B.A. English literature,
under the guidance of Nucleus club, Nandkunvarba Mahila Arts College. It is
prepared by the three batches – TY (2017 – 2020), SY (2018 – 2021) and FY
(2019 – 2022) using Wikipedia sources.
Dedicated to: All the students of English literature in Nandkunvara Mahila
College. English Department, Nandkunvarba Mahila Arts College.
Title courtesy:
“Fill y o u r p a p er w i t h the breathings of y o u r heart”
- William Wo r d s w o r t h
Booklet Launch date: 14th February, 2020.

Nobel Prize in literature - 1901
“The great are only great because w e are on our knees. Let
us rise up.”
-Sully Prudhomme
Born: 16 March 1839
Died: 6 September, 1907
Background:
He received first Nobel Prize in literature (1901).Born in Paris, Prudhomme
originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry;
he declared it as his intention to create scientific poetry for modern times. In
character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school,
although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own.
Nobel Prize
French poet, who won the first Nobel Prize for Literature in 1901 “in special
recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism,
artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and
intellect” The decision stirred controversy at the time – Sully-Prudhomme had
not published much poetry after 1888.

Nobel Prize in literature –1902
"The lot fell upon Matthias, a n d he w a s counted w i t h the
eleven apostles."
- Christian Matthias.
Born: 30 November 1817
Died: 1 November 1903
Background:
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen was a German classical scholar,
historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He was one of the
greatest classicists of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still
of fundamental importance for literature.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in literature 1902 was awarded to Christian Matthias Theodore
Mommsen "The greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with
special reference to his monumental work, a history of Rome."

Nobel Prize in literature–1903
“The t im e is a l w a y s right,
To do w h a t is right.”
- Bjornstjerne Martins Bjornson
Born: December 8, 1832
Died: April 26, 1910
Background:
Bjørnson was born at the farmstead of Bjørgan in Kvikne, a secluded village in
the Østerdalen district, some sixty miles south of Trondheim. In 1837 Bjørnson's
father PederBjørnson, who was the pastor of Kvikne, was transferred to the
parish of Nesset, outside Molde in Romsdal. It was in this scenic district that
Bjørnson spent his childhood, living at the Nesset Parsonage.
Nobel Prize
He received Nobel Prize “as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile
poetry, which has always been distinguish by both the freshness of its
inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit.”

Nobel Prize in literature – 1904
"Aioli epitom izes the heat, the power, a n d the joy of the
Provencal sun, but it has another v i r t u e -- it drives a w a y
flies."
- Frederic Mistral
Born: 8 September, 1930
Died: 25 March 1914
Background:
Mistral was born in Maillane in the Bouches-du-Rhône département in southern
France. His parents were wealthy landed farmers. His father, François Mistral,
was from Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. His mother was Adelaide Poulinet. As early
as 1471, his paternal ancestor, Mermet Mistral, lived in Maillane. By 1588, the
Mistral family lived in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
Nobel Prize
He received Nobel Prize, “In recognition of the fresh originality and true
inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery
and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a
provencal philologist.

Nobel Prize in literature – 1904 – (2)
“I cannot die, because if I a m going to w r i t e m y
m athem atical physics encyclopaedia, I need a t least 25 m ore
years.”
- José Echegaray
Born: April 19, 1832
Background:
Theater had always been the love of José Echegaray's life. Although he had
written earlier plays (La Hija natural and La ÚltimaNoche, both in 1867), he
truly became a dramatist in 1874. His plays reflected his sense of duty, which
had made him famous during his time in the governmental offices. Dilemmas
centered on duty and morality are the motif of his plays.
Nobel Prize
José Echegaray, was honored for his Spanish dramas for, “in recognition of the
numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original
manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"

"He a l w a y s smiles, e v e n w h e n contemplating nothing good."
- Henryk Sienkiewicz
Born: May 5, 1846
Background
Sienkiewicz’s family owned a small estate but lost everything and moved to
Warsaw, where Sienkiewicz studied literature, history, and philology at Warsaw
University. He left the university in 1871 without taking a degree. He had begun
to publish critical articles in 1869 that showed the influence of Positivism, a
system of philosophy—popular in Poland and elsewhere at the time—
emphasizing in particular the achievements of science.
Nobel Prize
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz, won Nobel Prize "because of his
outstanding merits as an epic writer"

"Art a n d literature are the m oral e m anation of civilization,
the spiritual eradication of peoples."
- GIOSUE CARDUCCI
Born: July 27, 1835
Died: February 16, 1907
Background
The son of a republican country doctor, Carducci spent his childhood in the wild
Maremma region of southern Tuscany. He studied at the University of Pisa and
in 1860 became professor of Italian literature at Bologna, where he lectured for
more than 40 years. He was made a senator for life in 1890 and was revered by
the Italians as a national poet.
Nobel Prize
He received Nobel Prize "not only in consideration of his deep learning and
critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of
style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"

"He travels the fastest w h o travels alone."
- RUDYARD KIPLING
Born: December 30, 1865
Died: January 18, 1936
Background
Rudyard Kipling, in full Joseph Rudyard Kipling, (born December 30, 1865,
Bombay [now Mumbai], India—died January 18, 1936, London, England),
English short-story writer, poet, and novelist chiefly remembered for his
celebration of British imperialism, his tales and poems of British soldiers in
India, and his tales for children. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in
1907.
Nobel Prize
He received Nobel Prize "in consideration of the power of observation,
originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration
that characterize the creations of this world-famous author"

"The transform ation of e n v i ronm e nt has become the
purpose of h u m a n life, life seems real only insofar as it deals
w i t h things."
-RUDOLF CHRISTOPH EUCKEN
Born: 5 January, 1846
Background
Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (born Jan. 5, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland [now in
Germany]—died Sept. 14, 1926, Jena, Ger.), German Idealist philosopher,
winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1908), interpreter of Aristotle, and
author of works in ethics and religion.
Nobel Prize
He received Nobel Prize "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his
penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and
strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated
and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"

“Nothing on earth can m a ke u p for the loss of one w h o has
loved you.”
― SELMA LAGERLÖF
Born: November 20, 1858
Died: March 16, 1940
Background:
Selma Lagerlöf (1858-1940) was born in ÖstraEmterwik, Värmland, Sweden.
She was brought up on Mårbacka, the family estate, which she did not leave
until 1881, when she went to a teachers’ college at Stockholm. In 1885 she
became a teacher at the girls’ secondary school in Landskrona. She had been
writing poetry ever since she was a child, but she did not publish anything until
1890.
Nobel Prize
She was the first female writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she
was awarded in 1909 "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination
and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"

“If w e e v e r t r a v e l far in the universe to another planet w i t h
intelligent life,
let's just m ak e patterns in their crops a n d leave.”
- PAUL JOHANN LUDWIG VON HEYSE
Born: 15 March, 1830
Died: 2 April, 1914
Background:
German writer and prominent member of the traditionalist Munich school who
received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1910.Heyse studied classical and
Romance languages and travelled for a year in Italy, supported by a research
grant. After completing his studies he became an independent scholar and was
called to Munich by Maximilian II of Bavaria.
Nobel Prize
He received Nobel Prize "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated
with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a
lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"

"All our knowledge m e r e ly helps to us to die a m or e painful
death animals t h a t k n o w nothing."
- Maurice Maeterlick
Born: 29 August, 1862
Died: 6 May, 1949
Background:
Maurice Maeterlindk (29 August 1862- 6 may 1949) was a Belgian playwright,
poet and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the
Nobel Prize in literature in 1911.He was born in the Ghent ( Belgium) Maurice
maeterlink studied law at the University of ghent and was admitted to the bar in
that city in 1886. In Paris in 1885-1886 he met Augste Villiers de l'lsle - Adam
and the leaders of the symbolist movement, and he soon abandoned law for
literature.
Nobel Prize
The noble prize in literature 1911 was awarded to Maurice Maeterlink "In
appreciation of his many - sided literary activities, and especially of his
dramatic works."

Po et r y evokes out of wo r d s the resonance of the
primordial world.
- Gerhart Hauptmam
Born: 15 November, 1862
Died: 6 June, 1946
Background
Gerhart Hauptmann was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among
the most important promoters of literary naturalism, thought he integrated other
styles into his works as well. He received the Nobel Prize in literature in 1912.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in 1912 was awarded to Gerhart Hauptmann "primarily in
recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of
dramatic art."

"Faith is the bird t h a t feels the light
W h e n the d a w n is still dark."
- Rabindranath Tagore
Born: 7 May, 1861
Died: 7 August 1941
Background
Rabindranath Tagore also known by his pen name Bhanusingh Thakur (Bonita)
and also known by his Gurudev, Kabiguru, and Biswakbi was a polymath, poet
musician and artist from the Indian subcontinent. A Brahmo Hindu from
Calcutta with ancestors’ gentry’s roots in Burdwan district and Jessare, Tagore
wrote poetry as am eight years old at the age of sixteen.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in 1913 was awarded to Rabindranath Tagore. "Elegant phrase
and magical poetry." Remain largely unknown outside Bengal.

"A hero is one w h o does w h a t
H e can, the others don't."
- Romain Rolland.
Born: 29 January, 1866
Died: 30 December, 1944
Background
Romain Rolland was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historians and
mystic who was awarded the Nobel prize in literature in 1915. Romain Rolland
was born in Clamecy, France his life spanned two centuries and he played a
notable part in the history of his time, Involving himself frequently in public
debate Rolland's family left Clamecy in 1880 so that he could study in Paris.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in 1915 was awarded to remain Rolland. "As a tribute to the
lofty idealism of literary productions and to the sympathy and love of truth
which he has described different types of human being"

"Always s t a y arounded a n d enjoy
E v e r y thing t h a t comes y o u r way."
- Verner von Heidenstam
Born: 6 July, 1859
Died: 20 May, 1940
Background
Verner von Heidenstam was a Swedish poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel
Prize in literature in 1916. He was a member of the Swedish academy from
1912. His poem and prose work are filled with a great joy of life, sometimes
imbued with a love of Swedish history and scenery, particularly its physical
aspects.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in 1916 was awarded to Verner von Heidenstam "in
representative of a new era in our literature."

“Thor sang; W h o is svend am ong the attendants, w h o
beyond Sundet stand?
- Karl Adolph Gjellerup
Born: 2 June, 1857
Died: 11 October, 1919
Background
Karl Adolph Gjellerup was a Danish poet and novelist who together with his
compatriot Henrik Pontoppidan won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1917.He is
associated with the modern breakthrough period of Scandinavian literature. He
occasionally used the pseudonym Eigons.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in literature 1917 was awarded to Karl Adolph Gjellerup "for
his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals."

Nobel Prize in literature –1917 (2)
“I t u r ne d to the novel, a n artistic form which had in form er
d a y s neglected a n d has thus acquire a b a d reputation”
- Henrik Pontoppidan
Born: 24 July, 1857
Died: 11 October, 1919
Background
Henrik Pontoppidan realist writer who shared with Karl Gjelleryp.The novel
prize for literature in 1917 for "his authentic description of present day life in
Denmark." Pontoppidan's novels and short stories - informed with a desire for
social progress but despairing later in his life of itsvealization present an
unusually comprehensive picture of his country and his epoch.
Nobel Prize
He gotthe Nobel Prize for Literature in 1917 for "his authentic descriptions of
present-day life in Denmark."

Nobel Prize in literature –1919
"Im o v e d to lucerne w h e r e i h a v e lived
H a p p i l y w i t h m y f am ily e v e r since."
- Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler
Born: 24 April, 1845
Died: 29 December 1924
Background:
Spitteler was a private tutor for eight years in Russia and Finland. After he
returned to Switzerland in 1879. He made his living as a teacher and journalist.
He contributed articles to der Knustwart and was an editor of the Neue Zurcher
Zeitung. In 1892 a legacy enabled him to settle in Lacerne and devote himself to
creative work.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in 1919 was awarded to Carl Spitteler "In special appreciation
of his epic, Olympian spring."

“In old age w e are like a batch of letters t h a t someone has
sent. We are no longer in passing, w e h a v e arrived”
- Knut Jamsun
Died: 19 February, 1952
Background:
The young Hamsun objected to realism and naturalism. He argued that the main
object of modernist literature should be the intricacies of the human mind, the
writers should describe the" Whisper of blood, and the pleading of bone
marrow.
Nobel Prize:
The noble prize in literature -1920 was awarded to Knut Pedersen Hamsun" for
his monumental work, growth of the soil"

Noble Prize in Literature - 1921
'To accomplish great things, w e m us t not only act, but also
dream , not only plan, but also believe'.
- Anatole France
Born: 16 April 1844
Died: 12 October 1924
Background:
Anatole France, pseudonym for Jacques Anatole Thibault was the son of a Paris
book dealer. He received a thorough classical education at the college Stanislas,
a boys' school in Paris and for a while he studied at the Ecole des Chartes. For
about twenty years he held diverse position, but he always had enough time for
his own writings, especially during his period as assistant librarian at the Senate
from 1876 to 1890.
Nobel Prize:
The Noble Prize in Literature 1921 was awarded to Anatole France "in
recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a
nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace and a true Gallic
temperament."

“Everyone thinks t h a t having a talent is a m a t t e r of luck,
no one thinks t h a t luck could be a m a t t e r of talent".
- Jacinto Benavente
Birth: 12 August 1866
Died: 14 July 1954
Background:
Jacinto Benavente Martinez was born in Madrid, the son if a celebrated
pediatrician, he returned drama to reality by way of social criticism,
declamatory verse giving way to prose, melodrama to comedy, formula to
experience, impulsive action to dialogue and the play of minds, Benavente
showed a preoccupation with aesthetics and later with ethics.
Noble prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922 was awarded to Jacinto Benavente "for the
happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish
drama"

The Nobel Prize in literature – 1923
"An aged m a n is but a p a l t r y thing, a t a t t e re d coat upon a
stick".
- William butler Yeats
Born: 13 June 1865
Died: 28 January 1939
Background:
William butler Yeats was an lrish poet and one of the foremost figure of 20th-
century's literature. A pillar of the lrish literary establishment, he helped to
found the "Abbey Theatre", and in his later years served two terms as a senator
of the lrishFree State.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel prize in literature 1923 was awarded to William butler Yeats" for his
always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the
spirit of a whole nation".

The Nobel Prize in literature - 1924
"An Irresistible fascination w i t h terrifying death killed m e
ahead of time".
- Wladystaw Stanislaw Reymont
Born: 7 may 1867
Background:
Reymont was born in the village of kobielevielkie, near Radomsko, Reymont
spent his children in 'Tuszyn, near Lodz, to which his father had moved to work
at a richer Church Parish. Reymont was defiantly Stubborn; after a few years of
education in the local school, he was sent by his father to Warsaw into the care
of his eldest sister and her husband to teach his vocation.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1924, for his great national epic, “The peasants".

“Life isn't about finding yourself. Life is about creating
yourself.”
- George Bernard Shaw
Born: 26 July 1856
Background:
George Bernard Shaw known at his insistence simply as Barnard Shaw, was an
lrish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist, His influence on
western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and
beyond.
Nobel Prize:
TheNobel Prize in literature 1925 was awarded to George Bernard Shaw “For
his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire
often being infused with a singular poetic beauty.” George Bernard Shaw
received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1926.

“According to a n ancient sardinianlegend , the bodies of
those w h o are born on Christmas Eve will hever dissolve
into dust but are preserved unit the end of time”.
-Grazia Deledda
Born: 28 September 1871
Died: 15 August 1936
Background:
Grazid Maria cosimadamiana was an ltalian writer who received the Nobel
Prize for literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with
plastic clarity picture the life on her native is land and with depth and sympathy
deal with human problems in general"
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1926 was awarded to Grazia Deledda " for her
idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity.

"Think like a m a n of action act like a m a n of thought"
- Henri Bergson
Born: 18-october- 1859
Died:4- January- 1941
Background:
Henri Bergson was born in a tiny house. His father was a farmer and railway
man. Henri Bergson was the first French speaking host appearing on air in 1952,
when radio- Canada, the French service of CBC, inaugurated its T.V. broadcast.
Noble Prize:
The noble prize in literature 1927 was awarded to Henri Bergson in recognition
of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been
presented

"I'm not a good a m a n as y o u are, I can't so easily forgive
those I h a v e wronged"
- Sigrid Undset
Born: 20- May- 1882
Died: 10- June- 1949
Background:
Undset was born in Kalundborg, Denmark but her family moved to Norway
when she was two years old.In 1925, she converted to Catholicism. She fled
Norway for the United States in 1940 because of her opposition to Nazi
Germany and the German invasion and occupation of Norway, but returned
after World War II ended in 1945
Noble Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1928 was awarded to Sigrid Undset prize
motivation: "principally for her powerful description of northern life during the
middle ages.

"War is only a c o w a r d l y escape from the problem of peace."
- Thomas Mann.
Born: 6 June 1875
Died: 12 august
Background:
Mann was a member of the Hanseatic Mann family and portrayed his family
and class in his first novel. Buddenbrooks. When Adolf Hitler came to power in
1933. Mann field to Switzerland.
Nobel Prize
Prize motivation is "principally for his great novel, budded brooks which has
won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary
literature."

"Sinclair Lewis w i n t e r is not a season, it’s a n occupation."
- Sinclair Lewis
Born: 7 February, 1885
Died: 10 January, 1951
Background:
In 1930 he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel
Prize in literature. His works are known for their critical views of American
capitalism and materialism. Between the wars.
Nobel Prize:
The NobelPrize in literature 1930 was awarded to Sinclair Lewis."For his
vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and
humour, new types of characters."

The Nobel Prize in Literature in - 1931
“It whispers; all is w a i t i n g here K e p t safe for thee, y e a r
after year,
Beautiful songs in thousands; Where hast thou been, where,
where?”
- Erik Axel Karlfeldt
Birth: 20 July 1864
Died: 8 April 1931
Background:
Karlfeldt was born into a farmer's family in Karlbo, in the province of Dalarna.
Initially, his name was Erik Axel Eriksson, but he assumed his new name in
1889, wanting to distance himself from his father, who had suffered the disgrace
of a criminal conviction. In 1904 Karlfeldt was elected a member of the
Swedish Academy.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931 was awarded to Erik Axel Karlfeldt "The
poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt."

The Nobel Prize in Literature in - 1932
“Idealism increases in direct proportion to one's distance
from the problem.”
- John Galsworthy
Birth: 14 August 1867
Background:
Galsworthy was born at what is now known as Galsworthy House (then called
Parkhurst) on Kingston Hill in Surrey, England, the son of John and Blanche
Bailey (née Bartleet) Galsworthy. His family was prosperous and well
established, with a large property in Kingston upon Thames. Later he trained as
a barrister and was called to the bar in 1890.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1932 was awarded to John Galsworthy "for his
distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga."

The Nobel Prize in Literature - 1933
“Nothing is worse a n d m or e hurtful t h a n a happiness t h a t
comes too late. ..."
-Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
Born: 22 October 1870
Background:
Ivan Bunin was born on his parental estate in Voronezh province in Central
Russia, the third and youngest son of Aleksey Nikolayevich Bunin (1827–1906)
and Lyudmila AleksandrovnaBunina (née Chubarova, 1835–1910). He had two
younger sisters: Masha (Maria Bunina-Laskarzhevskaya, 1873–1930) and
Nadya (that latter died very young) and two elder brothers, Yuly and Yevgeny.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933 was awarded to Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian
traditions in prose writing.

"Life is full of infinite absurdities, which, strangely enough,
do not e v e n need to a p p e a r plausible, since t h e y are true."
-Luigi Pirandello
Born: 28 June 1867
Background:
Luigi Pirandello was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer
whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel
Prize in Literature for "his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis
into good theatre." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories,
and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic
farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.
Nobel Prize:
He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his almost magical
power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre.

"Man is born broken. H e lives b y m ending. The grace of God
is glue."
- Eugene O'Neill
Born: 16 October1888
Background:
O'Neill was born in a hotel, the Barrett House, at Broadway and 43rd Street, on
what was then Longacre Square (now Times Square).A commemorative plaque
was first dedicated there in 1957.The site is now occupied by 1500 Broadway,
which houses offices, shops and the ABC Studios.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936 was awarded to Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
"for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which
embody an original concept of tragedy."

Nobel Prize in Literature - 1937
“I a l w a y s h a v e a p a d of p a pe r a n d a pencil w i t hin reach, to
catch on the w i n g this t u r n of phrase which strikes m e as
felicitous, t h a t idea which I hope to be able to e x a m ine m ore
closely in the light of day.”
- Roger Martin du Gard
Born: 23 March 1881
Died: 22 August1958
Background:
He trained as a palaeographer and archivist, he brought to his works a spirit of
objectivity and a scrupulous regard for detail, and because of his concern with
documentation and the relationship of social reality to individual development,
his fiction has been linked with the realist and naturalist traditions of the 19th
century. His sympathy for the humanist socialism and pacifism of Jean Jaurès is
evident in his work.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937 was awarded to Roger Martin du Gard"for
the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well
as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les
Thibault."

"The secret of joy in w o r k is contained in one w o r d -
excellence. To k n o w h o w to do something well is to enjoy it."
-Pearl Buck
Born: 26 June 1892
Died: 6 March 1973
Background:
Originally named Comfort by her parents,Pearl Sydenstricker was born in
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States, to Caroline Maude (Stulting) (1857–
1921) and Absalom Sydenstricker. Her parents, Southern Presbyterian
missionaries, traveled to China soon after their marriage on July 8, 1880, but
returned to the United States for Pearl's birth.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 was awarded to Pearl Buck "for her rich and
truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical
masterpieces."

“How sad t h a t love is still a w a kening of the finest a n d m ost
pure, a n d in m ost cases only after it becomes dirty”
- FransEemil Sillanpaa
Born: 16 September 1888
Died: 3 June 1964
Background:
FransEemilSillanpää was born into a peasant farming family in Hämeenkyrö.
Although his parents were poor, they managed to send him to school in
Tampere. At school Sillanpää was a good student and with aid from his
benefactor Henrik Liljeroos he entered the University of Helsinki in 1908 to
study medicine.Here his acquaintances included the painters EeroJärnefelt and
PekkaHalonen, composer Jean Sibelius and author JuhaniAho.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939 was awarded to FransEemilSillanpää "for
his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with
which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature."

"A probing analysis of the problems of evolution formsthe
basis of m y prose."
- Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
Born - 20 January, 1873
Died - 25 November, 1950
Background-
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen was born in Denmark,often considered the first great
Danish writer of the20th century. He was awarded by the Nobel Prize in
literature in 1944.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944 was awarded toJohannes Vilhelm Jensen
"for the rare strength andfertility of his poetic imagination with which is
combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and abold, freshly creative
style."

"Love B e a u t y it is the shadow of God on the universe"
- Gabriela Mistral
Born: 7 April 1889
Background:
She was born in vicuna Chile. The daughter of a dillettante poet. She began to
write poetry as a village schoolteacher after a passionate romance with a railway
employee who committed suicide.The love of poems in memory of the dead,
sonnets de la Muerte (1914) but her first great collection of poems, was
published until 1922. The same theme, linked with that maternity, plays a
significant role in tala, poems published in 1938. Her complete poetry was
published in 1958.
Noble Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1945 was awarded to Gabriela Mistral. "For her
lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name of a
symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"

"Writing is good, thinking is better. Cleverness is good,
patience is better."
-Harman Hesse
Born: 2 July 1877
Died: 9 August 1962
Background:
Hermann Karl Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw
in Wurttemberg, German Empire. His grandfather Hermann Gundert compiled
the current grammar in Malayalam language, compiled a Malayalam-English
dictionary, and also contributed to the work in translating the Bible to
Malayalam. Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 was awarded to Hermann Hesse "for his
inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify
the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style."

“Be faithful to t h a t which exists w i t hin yourself”
- Andre Gide
Died: 19 February 1951
Background:
Gide was born in Paris on 22 November 1869, into a middle- class protestant
family. His father was a Paris University professor of law who died in 1880.
Jean Paul Guillaume Gide and his mother was Juliette Maria Rondeaux. His
uncle was the political economist Charles Gide. His paternal family traced its
roots back to Italy with his ancestors, The Guides, moving to France and other
western and northern European countries after converting to Protestantism
during the 16th century, due to persecution.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1947 was received to Andre' Gide, “for his
comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems
and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen
psychological insight”.

The Nobel Prize literature - 1948
"In m y beginning is m y end"
-T. S. Eliot
Born:26 September 1888
Died:4 January 1965
Background:
Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in at. Louis, Missouri of an old New England
family. He was educated at Harvard and did graduate work in philosophy at
Sorbonne, Harvard and Merton College, Oxford. Then he settled in England,
where he was for a time a school master and a bank clerk. In 1927, Eliot
become a British citizen and about the same time entered the Anglican Church.
Noble prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1948 was awarded to T. S. Eliot “for his
outstanding, pioneer contribution to present day poetry”

"Ibelieve t h a t m a n will not m e rely endure, he will prevail."
- William Faulkner
Birth: 25 September,1897
Died: 6 July,1962
Background:
He was born in New Albany, Mississippi U.S. William Faulkner was an
American English poet. As a school child,Faulkner had success early
on.Faulkner's lifelong education by Callie Barr.The younger Faulkner was
greatly influenced by the history of his family and the region in which he lived.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1949 was awarded to William Faulkner for his
powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.

"The w o r ld is full of m agical things patiently w a i ting for
our w i t s to g r o w sharper.”
- Bertrand Russell
Born: 18 May 1872
Died: 2 February 1970
Background:
Bertrand Arthur William Russell was a British philosopher and Nobel laureate.
At various points in his life, Russell considered himself as a liberal, a socialist
and a pacifist, although he also confessed that his sceptical nature had led him to
feel that he had "never been any of these things, in any profound sense." Russell
was born in Monmouthshire into one of the most prominent aristocratic familiar
in the United Kingdom.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1950 was awarded to Earl (Bertrand William)
Russell "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he
champions humanitarian ideas and freedom of thought."

"Nothing is m ore t h a n foreign than the w o r l d of one's
childhood w h e n one has t r u l y left"
- Par Lagerkvist
Born: 23 may,1891
Died: 11 July,1974
Background:
Lagerkvist wrote poems, plays, novels, stories, and essays of considerable
expressive power and influence from his early 20s to his late 70s. One of his
central themes was the fundamental question of good and evil, which he
examined through such figures as Barabbas, the man who was freed instead of
Jesus, and Ahasuerus, the Wandering Jew.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951 was awarded to Pär Fabian Lagerkvist "for
the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in
his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind.

"Human love is often but encounter of t w o weaknesses."
- Francois Mauriac
Born: 11 October,1885
Background:
Mauriac was the youngest of five children in what can be termed a landed,
prosperous, middle class family. His father died when he was 18 months old and
he was raised by his pious mother, lather in a school run by the Marianiture. He
studied literature at Bordeaux and Paris but soon became an independent writer.
Nobel Prize:
French writer Francois Mauriac received the 1952 Nobel in literature for the
deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels
penetrated the drama of human life.

"Never in the face of h u m a n conflict has so m uch been o w e d
b y so m a n y to so few."
- Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill
Died: 24 January, 1965
Background:
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965)
was a British politician, army officer, and writer. He was the prime minister of
the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, when he led Britain to victory in the
Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill represented five
constituencies during his career as a Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically
an economic liberal and imperialist, for most of his career he was a member of
the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but from 1904 to 1924
was a member of the Liberal Party.
Noble Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 was awarded to Sir Winston Leonard
Spencer Churchill "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as
well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values."

"Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know".
-Ernest Hemingway
Born: 21 July 1899, Oak Park, Illinois, United States
Died: 2 July 1961, Ketchum, Idaho, United States
Background:
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American
journalist, novelist, short-story writer, and sportsman. His economical and
understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence
on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image
brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of
his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1954.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 was awarded to Ernest Miller Hemingway
"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old
Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary
style."

"For m a n is essentially alone, a n d one should p i t y h im a n d
love h im a n d grieve w i t h him."
-Halldor Laxness
Background:
Halldórwas born in 1902 in Reykjavík, with his family moving to the Laxnes
farm in nearby Mosfellssveit parish when he was three. Halldór started to read
books and write stories at an early age. He attended the technical school in
Reykjavík from 1915 to 1916 and had an article published in the newspaper
Morgunbla in 1916.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 was awarded to HalldórKiljan Laxness "for
his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland."

"If t h e y give y o u ruled p a pe r w r i t e the other way."
- Juan Ramon
Born: 23 December,1881
Died: 29 May, 1958
Background:
Juan Ramon was a Spanish writer. After studying briefly at the University of
Salamanca, Jimenez went to Madrid (1900) at the invitation of the poet Ruben
Drario. His first two volumes of poetry, Alma's de Violeta ("soul of violet") and
Ninfeas ("water-lilies")came out that same year. The two books, printed in violet
and green, respectively,so embarrassed Jimenez in his later years by their
excessive sentiment that the destroyed every copy he could find.
Nobel Prize:
Juan Ramon Jimenez is a prolific writer who received the Nobel "for Hus lyrical
poetry; which in the Spanish language of high spirit and artistically purity."

"Freedom is nothing but a chance to be better."
- Albert Camus
Birth: 7 November,1913
Died: 4 January,1960
Background:
Camus was born in Algeria to French parents. He spent his childhood in a poor
neighbourhood and later studied philosophy at the University of Algiers. He was
in Paris when the Germans invaded frame during world war ll.Camus was a
moralist and leaned towards anarcho-syndicalism. He was part of many
organisations seeking European integration.Philosophically, Camus's views
contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1957 was awarded to Albert Camus "for his
important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates
the problems of the human conscience in our times.

"Man is born to live a n d not to p r e p are to live"
- Boris Pasternak
Born: 10 February 1890
Died:30 may 1960
Background:
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (1890-1960), born in Moscow, was theson of
talented artists:his father a painter and illustrator of Tolstoy's works, his mother
a well-known concert pianist.Pasternak is also known as the author of Doctor
Zhivago(1957), a novel that takes place between the Russian Revolution of
1905 and the second world war. Doctor Zhivago was rejected for publication in
the USSR and the manuscript had to be secretly smuggled to Italy for
publication.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1958 was awarded to Boris leonidovich Pasternak
"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the
field of the great Russian epic tradition."

"Poetry is also the physical self of the poet, a n d it is
impossible to separate the poet from his poetry."
-Salvatore Quasimodo
Died: 14 June, 1968
Background:
Quasimodo was born in Modica, Sicily, to Gaetano Quasimodo and Clotilde
Ragusa. He spent his childhood in Roccalumera. In 1908 his family moved to
Messina, as his father had been sent there to help the local population struck by
a devastating earthquake. The impressions of the effects of natural forces would
have a great impact on the young Quasimodo.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959 was awarded to Salvatore Quasimodo "for
his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of
life in our own times."

"The poet is the one w h o breaks through our habits."
- Saint-John Perse
Born: 31 May, 1887
Background:
Alexis Leger was born in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. His great-
grandfather, a solicitor, had settled in Guadeloupe in 1815. His grandfather and
father were also solicitors; his father was also a member of the city council. The
Leger family owned two plantations, one of coffee (La Joséphine) and the other
of sugar (Bois-Debout).
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960 was awarded to Saint-John Perse "for the
soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary
fashion reflects the conditions of our time."

'Sadness is also a kind of defence.'
- Ivo Andric
Born:9 October 1892
Died:13 March 1975
Background:
Ivo Andric born 1892 to a family of artisans that had settled in Bosnia, a
province still under Austrian rule when he was a nevertheless,he studied at
serval universities, finally obtaining his degree from Graz.
Nobel Prize:
On 26 October 1961, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature by the
Swedish Academy.

'Time is the only critic w i t hout ambition.'
- John Steinbeck
Background:
John Steinbeck was a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winning American Novelist and
the author of “Of Mice and Men”. The Grupe of Warth and East of Eden,
Steinbeck dropped out of college and worked as a manual labour before
achieving success as a writer. His works often dealt with social and economic
issues.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1962 was awarded to John Steinbeck by the
English language.

"Soul shrivelled b y public sins each holding office like a bird
in its cage ".
- GiorgosSeferis
Background:
GiorgosSeferis was a Greek poet diplomat.He was one of the most important
Greek poet of the 20th century Indian Nobel literate.He was a career diplomat.
Integrate Foreign Service culminating in his appointment is a ambassador of the
UK, a poet which he held from 1957 to 1962.
Nobel Prize:
Seferis was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature "for his eminent lyrical
writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture."Seferis was
the first Greek to receive the prize

“Everything has been figured out except h o w to live.”
- Jean Paul Sartre
Born: 21 June, 1905
Died: 15 April, 1980
Background:
France philosopher and writer. The France philosopher and distinguished writer
Jean -Paul Sartre ranks the most versatile writer and as the dominant influence
in three decades of France intellectual life.
Nobel Prize:
He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature despite attempting to refuse
it, saying that he always declined official honours and that "a writer should not
allow himself to be turned into an institution"

“Vast sections of the world's population are inspired b y the
sam e desires a n d live for c om m on interests t h a t bind t h em
together far m ore t h a n t h e y separate them.”
- MikhailSholokhov
Born: 11 May, 1905
Background:
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov was a Soviet/Russian novelist and winner of
the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life and fate
of Don Cossacks during the Russian Revolution, the civil war and the period of
collectivization, primarily in his most famous novel, And Quiet Flows the Don.
Nobel Prize:
Sholokhov began writing And Quiet Flows the Don, which took him fourteen
years to complete (1926–1940). It became the most-read work of Soviet fiction
and was heralded as a powerful example of socialist realism, and it earned him
both a Stalin Prize and the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.

"Sometimes Small Things lead To Great Joys"
- Shmuel Yosef Agnon was
Born; July 17, 1888
Died; February 17, 1910
Background:
A Nobel Prize laureate writer and was one of the central figures of Modern
Hebrew fiction.In Hebrew he is known by the acronym ShaiAgnon in English
his works are published under the name S. Y. Agnon. Agnon was twice
awardedthe Bialik Prize for literature. He was also twice awarded the Ideal prize
for literature.
Nobel Prize:
In 1966 hewas awarded the Nobel Prize in literature for his profoundly
characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people. The
prizewas shared with German Jewish author Nelly Sachs.

Nobel Prize in literature – 1966 - (2)
“World, t h e y h a v e taken the small children like butterflies
a n d t h r o w n them, beating their wings, into the fire”
- Nelly Sachs
Born: 10December, 1891
Died:12 May, 1970
Background:
Nelly Sachs was a German-Swedish poet and playwright. Her experience
resulting from the rise of the Nazis in World War II Europe transformed her into
a poignant spokesperson for the grief and yearnings of her fellow Jewish
people.
Nobel Prize:
Nelly Sachs won The Nobel Prize in literature in 1966 “For her outstanding
lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel’s destiny with touching
strength”

“ H o we v er life treats you, as t im e goes b y y o u a l w a y s get the
Feeling you’ve lost life in the v e r y living of it. “
- Miguel Angel Asturias Rosales
Born: 19th October 1899
Died: 9th June 1974
Background:
Miguel Angel Asturias was born in Guate mala and spent his childhood and
adolescence in his native country. He studied for his baccalaureate at the state
high school and later took a law degree at the University of San Carlos. His
thesis on “The Social Problem of the Indian” was published 1923.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1967 was awarded to Miguel Angel Asturias “For
his vivid literary achievement, deep rooted in the national traits and tradition of
Indian People of Latin America.

“Time flows in the sam e w a y for all h u m a n beings e v e r y
h u m a n being – flows through t im e in a different w a y ”
- Yasunari Kawabata
Born: 11 June1899
Died: 16 April 1972
Background:
Yasunari Kawabata, son of a highly cultivated physician was born in 1899 in
Osaka. After the early death of his parents he was raised in the country by his
maternal grandfather and attended the Japanese public school From 1920 to
1924 Kawabata studied at the Tokyo Imperial university where he receded his
degree He was one of the Founders of the publication BungeiJidai the medium
of a new movement in modern Japanese literature.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1968 was awarded to Yasunari Kawabata “Far his
narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the
Japanese mind.”

"Ever tried. Ever failed. N o m atte r. Tr y again. Fail again.
Fail better."
- Samuel Beckett
Background:
Samuel Barclay Beckett was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer,
theatre director, poet, and literary translator. A resident of Paris for most of his
adult life, he wrote in both French and English. Mary Beckett was devoted wife
and mother who spent good times with her two sons in both training and
hobbies. His father shared his love of nature, fishing and golf with his children.
Nobel Prize:
Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his writing,
which—in new forms for the novel and drama—in the destitution of modern
man acquires its elevation."

The Nobel Prize in literature – 1970
"The battle line between good a n d evil runs through the
heart e v e r y man"
- Aleksandr lsayevich Solzhenitsyn
Born: 11 December 1918
Died: 3 August 2008
Background:
Aleksander Solazhenitsyn was born in kislovodask, Russia on 11 December
1918. His father had studied philological subject at Moscow University but did
not complete his studies. I was brought up by his mother,who worked as a
shorthand typist in the town of Rostov on the don in the 1903.he tried to get her
writings published but he could not find anyone willing to accept her
manuscript.
Nobel Prize:
With his works, the Gulag, a Soviet labour camp, became well known. Due to
this, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970, but also was exiled from the
Soviet Union in 1974.

"Love is so short, Forgetting is so long."
-Pablo Neruda
Born: 12 July 1904
Background:
Pablo Neruda was born Ricardo Eliecer Neftali Reyes Basoallto in Parral, Chile,
a city in Linares Province. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13
years old and wrote in variety of styles, including surrealist poem, historical
epics etc. Neruda was hospitalized with cancer in September 1973.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971 was awarded to Pablo Neruda " For a poetry
that with the action of an element force brings alive a continent's destiny and
dreams."

"A fam ily w i t hout a black sheep is not a typical family."
- Heinrich Boll
Born: 21 December, 1917
Died: 16 July, 1985
Background:
Bill was born in Cologne, Germany, to a Catholic, pacifist family that later
opposed the rise of Nazism. He refused to join the Hitler Youth during the
1930s. During his war service, Boll was wounded four times and contracted
typhoid. He was captured by US Army soldiers in April 1945 and sent to
prisoner-of-war camp. Boll became a full time writer at the age of 30. His first
novel, Der zug war punktlich was published in 1949.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972 was awarded to Heinrich Boll "for his
writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a
sensitive skill in contributed to a renewal of German literature."

"To understand the stars would spoil their appearance."
- Patrick White
Born: 28 May, 1912
Background:
Patrick White was born in Knightsbridge, London, to Victor Martindale White
and Ruth new withycombe on 28 May 1912. His parents were both English
Australians. In 1935 white published a collection of poetry. In 1941 the novel
was written during his stay in the United States. He was the first and only
Australian to have been awarded the prize. His last unfinished novel was 'The
Hanging Garden' a posthumous publication.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 was awarded to Patrick White "for an epic
and physiological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into
literature."

The Nobel Prize in Literature – 1974 - (1)
"Our spaceship is a t i n y bubble in a glass of God."
-Harry Martinson
Born: 6 May, 1904
Background:
Martinson was born in Jmshog, Blekinge country in south- eastern Sweden. In
1929, he debuted as a poet. In 1949, Martinson became the 1st proletarian writer
to elected as member of the Swedish Academy. The sensitive Martinson found it
hard to cope with the criticism following his award, and committed suicide on
11 February 1978 at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm by cutting
his stomach open with a pair of scissors in what has been described as "hara-
kiri- like manner."
Nobel Prize:
Martinson received the Nobel Prize "for writings that catch the dewdrop and
reflect the cosmos."

The Nobel Prize in Literature – 1974 – (2)
"In the wo rld of the present, in our time, w e feel that
suffering, anguish, the torm ents of bo dy a n d soul, are
greater t h a n e v e r before in the history of mankind."
- Eyvind Johnson
Born: 29July, 1900
Died: 25 August, 1976
Background:
Eyvind Johnson was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. Regarded as the
most ground-breaking novelist in modern Swedish literature. He became a
member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in
Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974. Johnson was born OlofEdvin Verner
Jonsson in Svartbjörnsbyn village in Överluleå parish, near the town of Boden
in Norrbotten. The small house where he was born is preserved and marked with
a commemorative plaque.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1974 was divided equally between Eyvind Johnson
"for a narrative art, far seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom."

"The reality are is a l w a y s for e v e r y o ne a n d for none"
-Eugenio Montale
Born: 12 October, 1896
Background:
Montale was born in Genoa. His family were chemical products traders. In 1915
Montale worked as an accountant but was left free to follow his literary passion.
He also studied opera singing with the baritone Ernesto sivori. During World
War 1, as a member of the military academy of prama, Montale asked to be sent
to the front. After brief war experience as an infantry officer in vallarsa and
puster valley, he returned home in 1920.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975 was awarded to Eugenio Montale "for his
distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted sign of an
Outlook on life with no illusions."

"A m a n is only as good as w h a t he loves."
- Saul Bellow
Born: 10 June, 1915
Died: 5 April, 2005
Background:
Saul Bellow was born Solomon Bellows in Lachine, Ouebec, two years after his
parents Lescha (nee Gordin) and Abraham Bellows, emigrated fromsaint
Petersburg, Russia. Bellow attended the University of the Chicago but later
transferred to Northwestern University. Bellow later did graduate work at the
University of Wisconsin. During World War II, Bellow joined the merchant
marine and during his service he completed his first novel.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 was awarded to Saul Bellow "for the human
understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in
his work."

"I would s a y a few w o r ds in y o u r ear. A doubtful m a n has
little faith."
-Vicente Aleixandre
Background:
Vicente Alexandre was born in Seville. He spent his childhood in Malaga and he
has lived in Madrid since 1909. Studied law at University of Madrid and at the
Madrid School of Economics. Beginning in 1925 he has completely devoted
himself to literature. His first book of poems, Ambit, appeared in 1928. Since
that date he has written and published a score of books. The Swedish Academy
awarded him the Nobel Prize for Literature for the totality of his work in 1977.
Nobel Prize:
In 1977 he received Nobel Prize for Literature "for a creative poetic writing
which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present day society, at
the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry
between the wars."

"The w a s t e basket is the writer's best friend."
-Issac Bashevis Singer
Died: 14 July, 1991
Background:
His parents were religious Jews and pushed him towards a career as a religious
scholar. In 1921 he enrolled in Rabbinical School, but left only two years later
to work for a Yiddish literary magazine. He was one of the great storyteller of
the twentieth century.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978 was awarded to IssacBashevis Singer "for
his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural
tradition, brings universal human conditions to life."

"You'll come to learn a great deal if y o u s t u d y the
Insignificant in depth."
- Odysseus Elytis
Died: 18 March, 1996
Background:
Descendant of the Alepoudelis, an old olive oil industrial family from Lesbos,
Elytis was born in Heraklion on the island of Crete, on 2 November 1911. His
family later moved to Athens, where the poet graduated from high school and
later attended courses as a school at University of Athens.
Nobel Prize:
Nobel Prize in Literature 1979 was awarded to Odysseus Elytis "for his poetry,
which against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength
and intellectual clear- sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and
creativeness."

"Language is the only Homeland."
- Czeslaw Milosz
Born: 30 June, 1911
Background:
Czeslaw Milosz was born in Seteiniai, Lithuania, as a son of Alexander Milosz,
a civil engineer, and Weronika, nee Kanat. He made his high - school and
University studies in Wilno, then belonging to Poland. A co-founder of a literary
group "Zagary", he made his literary debut in 193p published in the 1930s two
volumes of poetry and worked for the Polish Radio. Most of the war time he
spent in Warsaw working there for the underground presses.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980 was awarded to Czeslaw Milosz "who with
uncompromising clear- sightedness voices man's exposed condition in world of
severe conflict."

"Rulers w h o w a n t to unleash w a r k n o w v e r y well t h a t t h e y
m u s t procure or i n v e n t a first v i c t im ".
- Elias Canetti
Born:25 July, 1905
Background:
Elias Canetti was a German language author, born is ruse, Bulgaria to a
merchant family, they moved to Manchester, England, but his father died in
1912, and his mother took her three sons back to the continent. They settled in
Vienna. Canetti moved to England in 1948 after the Anschluss to escape Nazi
persecution.
Nobel Prize
Noble prize in literature 1981 "for writing marked by abroad outlook,a wealth of
Ideas and artistic power".

Noble prize in literature - 1982
"There is no greater glory t h a n to die for love"
- Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Born: 6 March 1927
Background:
Gabriel Garcia Marquez was a Colombia novelist short -story writer
screenwriter and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout
Latin America.
Nobel Prize:
He was awarded the 1972 Neustadt international prize for literature and the
1982 Nobel Prize in literature.

"The greatest ideas are the simplest."
-William Golding
Born: 19 September 1991.
Died: 19 June 1993.
William Golding was a novelist, school teacher,play wright and recipient of the
1983 Nobel Prize in literature.Sir William Golding was a British novelist,play
wright and poet best known for his debut novel lord of the flies,he would go on
to publish another eleven novels in his life time.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1983 was awarded to William Golding,and was
according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography "an unexpected and
even contentious choice".

"If the o r d i n a r y person is silent, it m a y be a tactical
m a n oe u v r e if a w r i t e r is silent he is lying."
- Jaroslav Seifert.
Born: 23 September 1901.
Died: 10 January 1986.
Background:
Jaroslav Seifert was born on 23 September 1901 into a working class family
living in Zizkov, a suburb of Prague. He attended secondary school and soon
began devoting himself to writing poetry and to journalism. His first collections
of poems in 1921.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1984 was awarded to Jaroslav Seifert for his poetry
which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a
liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man.

"Life is not only full of sound a n d F u r y it also, has
butterflies, flowers, art."
- Claude Simon
Born: 10 October, 1913
Died: 6 July, 2005
Background:
Claude Simon was born in Tananarive on the isle of Madagascar. His father
being a career officer who was killed in the First World War. His mother and her
family in Perpignan in the middle of the win district of Roussillon Among His
ancestors was a general from the time of the French Revolution.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 1985 was Awarded to Claude Simon who in his
novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deep awareness
of time in the depiction of the human condition.

"Idon't really consider m yself A Novelist it just c am e out
purely b y accident.”
- Wole Soyinka
Born: 13 July, 1934
Background:
Soyinka was born onto a Yoruba family in Abeokuta. In 1954, He attended
Government College in Ibadan.A descendant of a Remo family of Isara Remo
Soyinka was born the second of six children in the city of Abeokuta, Ogun
State, in Nigeria his father Samuel Ayodele Soyinka and Soyinka’s mother,
Grace Eniola Soyinka.
Nobel Prize:
Soyinka was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1984. He was, described
as one "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashion the
drama of existence.

"Life - the w a y it really is - is a battle not between B a d a n d
Good but, but between B a d worse."
- Joseph Brodsky.
Born: 24 May, 1940
Background:
Brodsky was born in to a Russian Jewish family in Leningrad.his father
Aleksandr Brodsky was a professional photographer and his mother Maria
volpert Brodsky was a professional interpreter whose work often helped to
support the family.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel prize in literature 1987 was awarded to Joseph Brodsky"for an all
embracing authorship,imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity."

"Home is not w h e r e y o u w e r e born;
H o m e is w h e r e all your,
A t t e m p t s to escape cease."
-Naguib Mahfouz.
Background:-
Mahfouz was born in to a lower middle-class Muslim Egyptian family in old
Cairo in 1911. He was the seventh and the child, with four brothers and two
sisters, all of them much older than him his father abdel-azizlbrahim whom
Mahfouz described as having been "old-fashioned", was a civil servant,and
Mahfouz eventually followed in his footsteps in 1934.
Nobel Prize:
Naguib Mahfouz,(IPA; December 11,1911-August 30,2006) was an Egyptian
writer who won the 1988 Nobel prize for literature.

"There are t w o kinds of m a n the ones w h o m a k e history a n d
ones w h o endure it
- Camilo Jose Cela
Born: May 11, 1916
Died: January 17,2002
Background:
Cela was born on 11May, 1916 in Galicia (North West Spain) in a family with
many members. Mostly, it belonged to the upper middle class but also had
certain aristocratic roots. Cela’s experience is the cruel Spanish civil war, which
divided the country into two factions whose borders could cut right through ties
of family and friendship.
Nobel Prize:
He was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature "for a rich and intensive
prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's
vulnerability"

"Solitude is the profoundest fact of the only being w h o
k n o w n he is alone"
- Octavio Paz
Died: 19 April, 1998
Background:
Octavio Paz, Mexican poet, writer, and diplomat, recognized as one of the
major Latin American writer of the 20th country. He received the Nobel Prize
for literature in 1990. Paz's family was ruined financially by the Mexican civil
war, and he grew up in straitened acutance.
Nobel Prize
This year Nobel Prize for literature goes to the Mexican writer, poet, and
essayist Octavio Paz, honouring a writer of Spanish.

“The t r u t h isn't a l w a y s beauty, but the hunger for it is.”
- Nadine Gordimer
Died: 13 July, 2014
Background:
Nadine Gordimer was a South African writer, political activist and recipient of
the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was recognized as a woman "who
through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been
of very great benefit to humanity".Gordimer's writing dealt with moral and
racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. Under that regime, works
such as Burger's Daughter and July's People were banned.
Nobel Prize:
Nadine Gordimer won Nobel Prize in 1991for "who through her magnificent
epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to
humanity"

“I read; I travel; I become”
― Derek Walcott
Born: 23 January 1930
Died: 17 March 2017
Background:
Walcott was born and raised in Castries, Saint Lucia, in the West Indies, the son
of Alix (Maarlin) and Warwick Walcott. He had a twin brother, the playwright
Roderick Walcott, and a sister, Pamela Walcott. His family is of English, Dutch
and African descent, reflecting the complex colonial history of the island that he
explores in his poetry.
Nobel Prize:
Derek Walcott won Nobel Prize in 1992 "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity,
sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"

“If y o u surrender to the air, y o u could ride if”
-Toni Morrison
Born: 18 February, 1931
Background:
Toni Morrison was born in Lorain , Ohio in U.S. she is an American novelist,
essayists , editor , teacher and professors emeritus at Princeton university,
Morrison’s parents instilled in her a sense of heritage and language through
telling traditional. African, American folk -tales and ghosts stories and singing
sin.
Nobel Prize:
Morrison received the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature, making her the first
African – American women to be selected for the awards. "Who in novels
characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential
aspect of American reality".

“The dead can s u r v i v e as p a r t of the lives of those t h a t still
live “
-Kenzaburo Oe
Born: 31 January,1935
Background:
Kenzaburo Oe is a Japanese writer and a major figure in contemporary Japanese
literature. He was born in Ose, a village now in uchiko, While prefecture on
Shikoku. He was the third son of Sevan children. His grandmother taught him
art and oral performance. His mother became his short stories and essays,
strongly influenced by French and American literature and literary theory.
Nobel Prize:
Oe's winning the Nobel Prize for 1994 has thus encourage him to embark on his
pursuit of a new form of Literature and a new life for himself.

“There is risk a n d t r u t h to yourselves a n d the w o r ld before
you.”
- Seamus Justin Heaney
Born: 13 April 1939
Background:
Seamus Justin Heaney was an Irish poet, playwright and translator. Among his
best-known works is Death of a Naturalist (1966), his first major published
volume. Heaney was recognised as one of the principal contributors to poetry
during his lifetime. American poet Robert Lowell described him as "the most
important Irish poet since Yeats", and many others, including the academic John
Sutherland, have said that he was "the greatest poet of our age".
Nobel Prize:
Won Nobel Prize in 1995 "For works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which
exalt everyday miracles and the living past"

“Somewhere out there the w o r ld m u s t h av e a n end.”
- Maria Wisława Anna Szymborska
Born: 2 July, 1923
Background:
Maria Wisława Anna Szymborskawas a Polish poet, essayist, translator and
recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Prowent, which has
since become part of Kórnik, she later resided in Kraków until the end of her
life. In Poland, Szymborska's books have reached sales rivaling prominent prose
authors: although she once remarked in a poem, "Some Like Poetry" that no
more than two out of a thousand people care for the art.
Nobel Prize:
Won Nobel Prize in 1996 "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the
historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"

“ K n o w h o w to live the t im e t h a t is given you.”
- Dario Fo
Born: 24 March 1926
Died: 13 October 2016
Background:
Dario Fo was an Italian actor, playwright, comedian, singer, theatre
director, stage designer, songwriter, painter, political campaigner for the Italian
left wing. In his time he was "arguably the most widely performed
contemporary playwright in world theatre".Much of his dramatic work depends
on improvisation and comprises the recovery of "illegitimate" forms of theatre,
such as those performed by giullari (medieval strolling players) and, more
famously, the ancient Italian style of commedia dell'arte.
Nobel Prize:
Won Nobel Prize in 1997 "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in
scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden".

“If I'm sincere today, w h a t does it m a t t e r if I regret it
tomorrow?”
- José de Sousa Saramago
Died: 18 June 2010
Background:
José de Sousa Saramago, was a Portuguese. His works, some of which can be
seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events,
emphasizing the theopoetic human factor. In 2003 Harold Bloom described
Saramago as "the most gifted novelist alive in the world today” and in 2010 said
he considers Saramago to be "a permanent part of the Western canon",while
James Wood praises "the distinctive tone to his fiction because he narrates his
novels as if he were someone both wise and ignorant
Nobel Prize:
Won Nobel Prize in 1998 "who with parables sustained by imagination,
compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an
elusoryreality"

“ A r t is so wonderfully irrational, exuberantly pointless, but
necessary all the same. Pointless a n d y e t necessary, that's
h a r d for a p u r itan to understand.”
- Günter Wilhelm Grass
Died: 13 April 2015
Background:
Günter Wilhelm Grass was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator,
graphic artist, and sculptor. He was born in the Free City of Danzig. As a
teenager, he served as a drafted soldier from late 1944 in the Waffen-SS and was
taken as a prisoner of war by US forces at the end of the war in May 1945. He
was released in April 1946. Trained as a stonemason and sculptor, Grass began
writing in the 1950s. In his fiction, he frequently returned to the Danzig of his
childhood.
Nobel Prize:
Won Nobel Prize in 1999 "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten
face of history"

“As a m ale writer, w o m e n are a l w a y s w h a t m e n pursue,
a n d their w o r ld is a l w a y s a m ystery.”
- Gao Xingjian
Born: January 4, 1940
Background:
Gao Xingjian is a Chinesenovelist, playwright, and critic. He is also a noted
translator, screenwriter, stage director, and a celebrated painter. In 1998, Gao
was granted French citizenship.Gao's drama is considered to be fundamentally
absurdist in nature and avant-garde in his native China. His prose works tend to
be less celebrated in China but are highly regarded elsewhere in Europe and the
West.
Nobel Prize:
Won Nobel Prize in 2000 "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and
linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and
drama"

"Had not quite forgiven us for giving h im a second-class
degree ".
- Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
Born: 17 August 1932
Background:
In June 1953, Naipaul and Hale graduated from Oxford. Naipaul graduated with
a second-class degree. Peter Bayley, his Oxford tutor, would later comment that
Naipaul. In 1953, Naipaul's father died. He worked at odd jobs and borrowed
money from Hale and his family in Trinidad.He was died in 11 August 2018 at
London, United State.
Nobel Prize:
Naipaul received the Nobel Prize in 2001 for his strong storytelling and "For
having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that
compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories."

"Man is a l w a y s a little a t fault, that's all"
- Imre Kertesz
Died: 31 March 2016
Background:
Kertesz was born in Budapest, Hungary, on 9 November 1929, the son of
Aranka Jakab and Laszlo Kertesz, a bourgeois Jewish couple. After his parents
separated when he was around the age of five, Kertesz attended a boarding
school and, in 1940, he started secondary school where he was put into a special
class for Jewish students.
Nobel Prize:
In 2002, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, "For writing that upholds the
fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"

"When all else fails, philosophize"
- John Maxwell Coetzee
Background:
Coetzee was born in Cape Town, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, on 9
February 1940 to Afrikaner parents. His father, Zacharias Coetzee was an
occasional attorney and government employee, and his mother, Vera Coetzee
was a schoolteacher. The family mainly spoke English at home, but John spoke
Afrikaans with other relatives.
Nobel Prize:
He won the prize, the Swedish Academy stated that Coetzee "In innumerable
guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider ".

"Vice is basically the love of failure"
- Elfriede Jelinek
Background:
Elfriede Jelinek is an Austrian playwright and novelist. Jelinek was born on in
Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria. She was the daughter of Olga Ilona and Friedrich
Jelinek.Jelinek's output has included radio plays, poetry, theatre texts, polemical
essays, anthologies, novels, translations, screenplays, musical compositions,
libretti and ballets, film and video art. Jelinek's work is multi-faceted, and
highly controversial. It has been praised and condemned by leading literary
critics.
Nobel Prize:
Elfriede Jelinekwon the prize "for her musical flow of voices and counter-
voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the
absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"

‘Good w r i t i n g excites m e
A n d m akes life w o r t h living'
- Harold Pinter
Born - 10 October, 1930
Died - 24 December, 2008
Background:
Harold Pinter was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. His
father's name is Jack Pinter and his mother's name is Frances. He achieved
international renown as one of the most complex and challenging post-World
War II dramatists.
Nobel Prize:
Nobel Prize in Literature for that year to Pinter, who "in his plays uncovers the
precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed
rooms". Its selection instigated some public controversy and criticism relating
both to characteristics of Pinter's work and to his politics.

"I r e a d a book one d a y a n d m y whole life w a s changed"
- Orhan Pamuk
Born: 7 June, 1952
Background:
Orhan Pamukis a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and One of
Turkey's most prominent novelists. His work has sold over thirteen million
books in sixty-three languages, making him the country's best-selling writer.
Pamuk was born in Istanbul.
Nobel Prize:
In the 12 October 2006 Nobel prize in literature award goes to who in the quest
for the melancholic soul of his native city, [Pamuk] has discovered new symbols
for the clash and interlacing of cultures.

"Laughter is b y definition healthy"
- Doris Lessing
Background:
Doris may Lessing was a British-Zimbabwean novelist. She was born to British
parents in Iran, where she lived until 1925. Her father's name is Captain Alfred
Tayler and her mother's name is Emily Maude.
Nobel Prize:
In 2007, Lessing was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. For that epicist of
the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has
subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny.

"Real live h a v e no end,
Real book h a v e no end"
- J. M. G. Le Clezio
Background:
J. M. G. Le Clézio, is a French writer and professor. The author of over forty
works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Procès-Verbal
and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Nobel Prize:
The 2008 Nobel Prize in literature for his life's work, as an “author of new
departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond
and below the reigning civilization".

“Silence is also a form of speaking"
- Herta Muller
Born: 17 August 1953
Background:
Herta Muller is a Romanian born German novelist,poet, essayist and recipient of
the 2009 Nobel Prize in literature. Born in Nitchidorf Timis country in Romania,
her native language is German. Since the early 1990, she has been
internationally established, and her works have been translated in to more than
twenty language.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in literature 2009 was awarded to Herta Muller, “Who with the
concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the
dispossessed"

“Writers are the exorcist of their o w n demons"
- Mario Vargas Llosa
Background:
Jorge Mario Pedro VargasLlosa is a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist,
essayist and college professor. He is one of Latin American's most significant
novelist and essayist and one of the leading writer of his generation.
Nobel Prize:
Vargas Llosa was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in literature. “For his
cartography of structure of power and his trenchant image of the individual's
resistance, revolt and defeat."

"It is still beautiful to hear the heart beat but often the
shadow seems m or e real t h a n the body"
- Tomas Gösta Transtomer
Died: 26 March, 2015
Background:
Tranströmer was born in Stockholm in 1931 and raised by his mother Helmy.
He received his secondary education at the Södra Latin Gymnasium in
Stockholm, where he began writing poetry. In addition to selected journal
publications, his first collection of poems, 17 Poems, was published in 1954. He
continued his education at Stockholm University, graduating as a psychologist
in 1956 with additional studies in history, religion and literature.
Nobel Prize:
The Swedish Academy revealed that he had been nominated every single year
since 1993.The Nobel Committee stated that Tranströmer's work received the
prize “because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh
access to reality.

“People w h o are strangers to liquor a r e incapable of talking
about literature.”
- Mo Yan
Born:17 February 1955 (age 64)
Guan Moye simplified Chinese: traditional Chinese: pinyin: GuǎnMóyè; better
known by the pen name Mo Yan Chines pinyin: MòYán is a Chinese novelist
and short story writer. Donald Morrison of U.S. news magazine TIME referred
to him as "one of the most famous, oft-banned and widely pirated of all Chinese
writers", and Jim Leach called him the Chinese answer to Franz Kafka or
Joseph Heller.
Nobel Prize:
On 11 October 2012, the Swedish Academy announced that Mo Yan had
received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work that "with hallucinatory
realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".

"Life would be g r a n t if it weren't for the people."
- Alice Munro
Born:10 July 1931
Background:
Munro was born Alice Ann Laidlaw in Wingham, Ontario. Her father, Robert
Eric Laidlaw, was a fox and mink farmer, and later turned to turkey farming.
Her mother, Anne Clarke Laidlaw (née Chamney), was a schoolteacher. She is
of Irish and Scottish descent, her father being a direct descendant of James
Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd.
Nobel Prize:
Alice Munro the renowned Canadian short-story writer whose visceral work
explores the tangled relationships between men and women, small-town
existence and the fallibility of memory, won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature.

The Noble Prize in Literature - 2014
"In the end, w e are all determ ined b y the place a n d the t im e
in which w e w e r e born."
- Jean Patrick Modiano
Born: 30th July, 1945
Background:
Jean Patrick Modiano was born in Boulogne Billan court, a commune in the
western suburbs of Paris. Patrick Modiano's childhood took place in a unique
atmosphere. Modiano studied at the École du Montal primary school in Jony -
en - Josas, at the collége Saint - Joseph de Thônes in HauntSavoie, and then at
the Lycée Henri - IV high school in Paris.
Nobel Prize:
Modiano was awarded the 2014 Noble Prize in Literature, for the art of memory
with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered
the life - world of the occupation.

"No one had taught us h o w to be free. We had only e v e r
been taught h o w to die for freedom."
- Svetlana Alexievich
Born: 31 May, 1948
Background:
Svetlana Alexievich was born in the west Ukrainian town of Stanislav (since
1962 Ivano-Frankivsk) to a Belarusian father and a Ukrainian mother, Svetlana
Alexievich grew up in Belarus. After finishing school she worked as a reporter
in several local newspapers before graduating from Belarusian State University
(1972) and becoming a correspondent for the literary magazine Nyoman in
Minsk (1976).
Nobel Prize:
She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature "for her polyphonic
writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time". She is the first
writer from Belarus to receive the award.

"He not busy being born is busy dying."
- Bob Dylan
Born: 24 May (1941) (age 77 years)
Background:
Bob Dylan is an American singer-songwriter, author, and visual artist who is
regarded as a widely influential figure in popular culture. Bob Dylan was born
Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Mary's Hospital on May 24, 1941, in Duluth,
Minnesota, and raised in Hibbing, Minnesota, on the Mesabi Range west of
Lake Superior.
Nobel Prize:
In 2016, BOB DYLAN was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for having
created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition".

"There w a s another life t ha t I m ight h a v e had, but I’m
having this one."
- Sir Kazuo Ishiguro
Background
Sir Kazuo Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki, Japan, but his family moved to the
UK in 1960 when he was five. Ishiguro graduated from the University of Kent
with a bachelor's degree in English and Philosophy in 1978 and gained his
master's from the University of East Anglia's creative writing course in 1980.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature, describing him in its citation as a writer "who, in
novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory
sense of connection with the world".

“There are countries out there w h e r e people speak English.”
- Olga Tokarczuk
Born:29 January 1962
Background:
Tokarczuk was born in Sulechów near ZielonaGóra, in western Poland. One of
her grandmothers was from Ukraine.Before starting her literary career, from
1980 she trained as a psychologist at the University of Warsaw. During her
studies, she volunteered in an asylum for adolescents with behavioural
problems. After her graduation in 1985, she moved first to Wrocław and later to
Wałbrzych, where she began practising as a therapist.
Nobel Prize:
Tokarczuk was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature in 2019 for her
"narrative imagination that with encyclopaedic passion represents the crossing
of boundaries as a form of life". The 2018 award had been postponed due to
controversy within the Nobel committee.

"If nation loses its storytellers, it loses its childhood"
- Peter Handke
Background:
Peter Handke is an Austrian-born Nobel laureate novelist, playwright, translator,
poet, film director and screenwriter. Handke was born in 1942 in Griffen in the
Austrian state of Carinthia.His father, Erich Schönemann, was a bank clerk and
German soldier whom Handke did not meet until adulthood.
Nobel Prize:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019 was awarded to Peter Handke "for an
influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the
specificity of human experience

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