This document provides an overview of basic electronics concepts including the elements of electricity, circuit diagrams, components like resistors and capacitors, and measurement tools like multimeters. It explains key electrical concepts such as voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It also outlines different circuit types and how components are represented in schematics. The document is intended as an introductory guide to basic electronics for students and technicians.
Tolomatic presentation understanding motion control technologyElectromate
This document discusses different types of motion control technology including microstepping systems, brushed DC systems, and brushless servo systems. It focuses on encoder feedback, describing open loop and closed loop systems. It also covers feedback devices, stepper motors, and compares the advantages and limitations of stepper motor systems.
This document contains chapters from the 8th edition of the textbook "Electronics Fundamentals" by Thomas L. Floyd and David M. Buchla, published in 2010 by Pearson Education. It includes introductory sections on electrical charge, voltage, current, resistance, batteries, and basic electric circuits. Diagrams illustrate these concepts and examples are provided, such as using color codes to identify resistor values. The document serves as a reference for fundamental electronics topics covered in the listed textbook chapters.
This document provides an introduction to concepts and techniques for electromagnetic interference (EMI) in switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It discusses EMI and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, types of noise signals, common noise countermeasures like shields and filters, magnetic field and flux basics, core materials and their properties, and common mode chokes. The focus is on helping designers understand and mitigate EMI in their power supply designs.
An electronics system has three main parts - input, process, and output. Input devices convert physical phenomena like sound, light, heat, or motion into electrical signals. Processing devices like gates perform logic operations on input signals. Output devices then convert electrical signals back into observable phenomena through devices like speakers, LEDs, buzzers, and relays.
The document defines basic electrical components and concepts including:
- The three classifications of materials as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors.
- The differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), including waveform comparisons.
- Key electrical concepts such as voltage, current, resistance, impedance, and Ohm's law.
- Common circuit components like resistors, capacitors, and how to calculate values in voltage dividers and RC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws.
- Measurement units for electrical values and common component symbols.
This document provides a non-technical introduction to electronics and basic concepts such as electrons, silicon, transistors, integrated circuits, logic gates, and microprocessors. It explains how controlling the flow of electrons allows electronics to transmit and transform information. Key topics covered include how silicon semiconductors are used to build transistors, the development and impact of integrated circuits, basic digital logic functions, how computers perform calculations and make decisions using transistors arranged in logical patterns, and how field programmable gate arrays can be reconfigured to perform various digital functions.
The document discusses h parameters, which are four hybrid or mixed parameters (one in ohms, one in mhos, two dimensionless) that can be used to analyze any linear circuit with input and output terminals. The h parameters are determined from two equations, with h11 having units of ohms, h12 and h21 being dimensionless, and h22 having units of mhos. The document also mentions that h parameters can be represented using an equivalent circuit model.
Tolomatic presentation understanding motion control technologyElectromate
This document discusses different types of motion control technology including microstepping systems, brushed DC systems, and brushless servo systems. It focuses on encoder feedback, describing open loop and closed loop systems. It also covers feedback devices, stepper motors, and compares the advantages and limitations of stepper motor systems.
This document contains chapters from the 8th edition of the textbook "Electronics Fundamentals" by Thomas L. Floyd and David M. Buchla, published in 2010 by Pearson Education. It includes introductory sections on electrical charge, voltage, current, resistance, batteries, and basic electric circuits. Diagrams illustrate these concepts and examples are provided, such as using color codes to identify resistor values. The document serves as a reference for fundamental electronics topics covered in the listed textbook chapters.
This document provides an introduction to concepts and techniques for electromagnetic interference (EMI) in switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It discusses EMI and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, types of noise signals, common noise countermeasures like shields and filters, magnetic field and flux basics, core materials and their properties, and common mode chokes. The focus is on helping designers understand and mitigate EMI in their power supply designs.
An electronics system has three main parts - input, process, and output. Input devices convert physical phenomena like sound, light, heat, or motion into electrical signals. Processing devices like gates perform logic operations on input signals. Output devices then convert electrical signals back into observable phenomena through devices like speakers, LEDs, buzzers, and relays.
The document defines basic electrical components and concepts including:
- The three classifications of materials as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors.
- The differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), including waveform comparisons.
- Key electrical concepts such as voltage, current, resistance, impedance, and Ohm's law.
- Common circuit components like resistors, capacitors, and how to calculate values in voltage dividers and RC circuits using Kirchhoff's laws.
- Measurement units for electrical values and common component symbols.
This document provides a non-technical introduction to electronics and basic concepts such as electrons, silicon, transistors, integrated circuits, logic gates, and microprocessors. It explains how controlling the flow of electrons allows electronics to transmit and transform information. Key topics covered include how silicon semiconductors are used to build transistors, the development and impact of integrated circuits, basic digital logic functions, how computers perform calculations and make decisions using transistors arranged in logical patterns, and how field programmable gate arrays can be reconfigured to perform various digital functions.
The document discusses h parameters, which are four hybrid or mixed parameters (one in ohms, one in mhos, two dimensionless) that can be used to analyze any linear circuit with input and output terminals. The h parameters are determined from two equations, with h11 having units of ohms, h12 and h21 being dimensionless, and h22 having units of mhos. The document also mentions that h parameters can be represented using an equivalent circuit model.
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus in different shells. An atom's atomic number refers to the number of protons, while its atomic mass includes the number of protons and neutrons. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Electronics involves the flow of electrons and concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and power. Circuits allow electricity to flow through a closed conductive loop. Materials are classified as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on how easily electrons can flow through them.
This document provides an overview of basic electronics topics including electricity, voltage, current, resistance, capacitors, inductors, semiconductors, and digital electronics. It outlines the contents which will be covered such as basic electronics symbols, measuring equipment, resistors, capacitors, diodes, integrated circuits, power supplies and circuits. Key concepts such as voltage, current, resistance, Ohm's Law, and basic logic gates are defined and explained at a high level.
Basic Electronics Notes written by Arun Kumar G, Associate Professor, Dept. o...Arunkumar Gowdru
This document provides contact information for two professors - Arun Kumar G M.Tech., (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at STJIT, RANEBENNUR, and Spoorti J Jainar B.E., M.Tech., Assistant Professor at KLEIT, HUBLI. It lists their names, titles, departments and institutions. It also provides an email address and phone number for Arun Kumar for feedback and suggestions regarding the Basic Electronics course.
Resistors are used to limit current or divide voltage and can generate heat. Capacitors store energy in the form of charge and are measured in Farads. Diodes only conduct current in one direction, while transistors can amplify or switch electronic signals and have emitter, base, and collector terminals.
The document defines and describes the basic functions of common electronic components, including resistors, diodes, transistors, capacitors, speakers, motors, and sensors. It explains that resistors limit electrical current, diodes only conduct current in one direction, transistors are used as electronic switches, capacitors store energy, speakers convert electrical signals to sound, and sensors like LDRs convert light levels to resistance.
This document provides an overview of basic electronics concepts including lattices, semiconductors, diodes, and transistors. It begins by defining lattices and their applications in mathematics. It then discusses superconductors, insulators, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and the band theory of conduction. Diodes and rectifiers are introduced, including half-wave and full-wave rectification circuits. The document concludes by explaining transistors, including bipolar junction transistors with npn and pnp configurations and their characteristics curves. Transistors are shown to have applications as amplifiers and switches in devices like LED spotlights and single transistor radios.
Basic electronics and electrical first year engineeringron181295
The document provides information on p-n junction diodes and their characteristics:
- A p-n junction is formed at the boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductor materials. When joined, electrons and holes diffuse across the junction forming a depletion region.
- Diodes can be forward or reverse biased by applying an external voltage. In forward bias, current flows through the majority carriers. In reverse bias, the depletion region widens preventing majority carrier flow, but some minority carrier current still flows.
- The V-I characteristics of a diode show regions of forward conduction, reverse saturation current, and breakdown. Key parameters are forward voltage drop, reverse breakdown voltage, and dynamic resistance.
Circuit components used in robotics include passive devices like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Active devices include batteries, diodes, LEDs, photodiodes, and transistors. Semiconductor components act as switches to control electric current or voltage. Transistors can be used as amplifiers, switches, and regulators.
Haydon Kerk basic product training 2009.Electromate
Stepper motors are useful for positioning applications because they move a set amount of rotation for each input pulse. Can-stack motors move 7.5 or 15 degrees per pulse, while hybrid motors move 0.9 or 1.8 degrees per pulse. This precise stepping motion allows stepper motors to accurately control position.
Nippon Pulse linear shaft motor product presentation 2011 in english and germanElectromate
The document discusses a linear shaft motor system for ultra-precision applications. It describes the motor as having a coreless design with cylindrical coils to maximize stiffness while avoiding issues like cogging forces and heat generation from eddy currents. The motor is rated conservatively to dissipate heat directly to air without external cooling. It can achieve nanometer-level positioning accuracy with minimal following error.
Haydon Kerk motion systems linear motion presentation 2010Electromate
This document discusses linear systems that use leadscrews and nuts to provide precise linear positioning. It describes how leadscrews work using the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane to convert rotational motion to linear motion. It discusses key characteristics of leadscrews like diameter, lead, and pitch. It also discusses how rolling is used to manufacture leadscrews, providing benefits like increased accuracy and low friction. The document addresses how clearances between leadscrews and nuts can cause backlash, and describes different methods like gravity bias, springs, and elastic rings that are used to eliminate backlash.
Tolomatic presentation understanding the application processElectromate
The document discusses factors to consider when selecting an electric actuator system, including load characteristics, maximum speed, stroke length, moment loads, acceleration/deceleration, actuator and carrier positioning, environmental conditions, and precision requirements. It provides examples of common automation applications that use electric actuators and describes different actuator styles for moving and carrying various types and weights of loads. Rodless and rod-style actuators are compared, and load capacity charts list the maximum loads for different rodless actuator models.
Nippon Pulse high precision linear motion made simple presentation 2009Electromate
This document provides information about linear shaft motors from Oriental Motor. It describes linear shaft motors as brushless linear motors that provide high precision linear motion. It discusses their advantages over other linear motion systems, including high efficiency and output. It also outlines Oriental Motor's linear shaft motor product lineup and specifications, applications, and selection guidelines.
Nippon Pulse high precision linear motion made simple presentation oct. 2009 Electromate
The document provides information about linear shaft motors from Oriental Motor. It discusses the structure, advantages, and specifications of linear shaft motors. Key points include that linear shaft motors have a coreless design with no iron in the stator or rotor, providing benefits like no cogging, stiffness, and a non-critical large air gap. Specifications like force, velocity, and acceleration are discussed. Applications include semiconductor manufacturing equipment and medical devices.
Ibex medical nano technology presentation may 2009Electromate
The document discusses Ibex's capabilities for designing precision motion control systems. It provides an overview of Ibex's history and markets served. It then describes the engineering process for designing high precision systems, focusing on factors like accuracy, repeatability, structural stiffness, feedback, and controlling natural frequencies. A variety of positioning stage technologies and configurations are also presented.
This document discusses linear motion components, including linear bearing types (ball & rod, cross roller, plastic roller, round rail, square rail) and mechanical drive types (manual, screw driven, belt & pulley driven). It provides information on selecting the proper component based on factors like load, travel distance, accuracy needs. The document is an overview presented by LINTECH of their positioning components and systems.
This document provides an overview and specifications for Electromate's new MXB-series belt-driven actuators. The MXB series extends Electromate's MX product line with sizes from 16 to 63 and various configuration options. Key features are highlighted, including common components with MX actuators. Pre-production testing is underway to evaluate performance of the new sizes under different load and speed conditions.
Applied Motion Products stm integrated motor product presentation march 2009Electromate
www.electromate.com
The document provides an overview of the STM23 Series stepper motors from Applied Motion Products. It describes that the STM23 has drive electronics mounted directly onto the motor housing, making it a self-contained unit. It then summarizes the various options and part numbering system for the STM23 motors, including frame sizes, control types, stack lengths, communication ports, encoders, and input/output capabilities. The document is intended to educate distributors on the STM23 product line.
Nippon Pulse Stepper Motor Basics Presentation Electromate
A stepper motor takes input pulses and moves in proportional steps, making it useful for precision positioning and speed control applications. It requires a power circuit and sequencing circuit to change the phase of its coils. Stepper motors are used in medical devices, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, factory automation systems, office equipment, home appliances, and more. The document goes on to describe how stepper motors generate movement through unipolar or bipolar drive circuits and coils.
Hd Systems LLC actively marketed products 2006Electromate
The document describes various gear component sets and gearheads sold and serviced by Electromate, including CSF, CSG "Quantum", CSD "Ultra Flat", SHF "Silk Hat", SHG "Silk Hat Quantum", HDUF "Pancake", HDUR "Pancake", HDT "T cup", HDB phasing gear set, HDI "Infinit-Indexer", and CSF-2UH gearhead. It provides information on sizes, ratios, torque and life specifications for each product.
Ibex engineering high precision linear motion made easy presentation 2009Electromate
The document discusses considerations for designing sub-micron positioning systems. It covers evaluating specifications, choosing appropriate mechanical components like bearings and screws, and factors that impact accuracy like thermal expansion and feedback methods. The goal is to understand all factors that influence precision so the optimal design can be selected for the target application.
The document introduces the new MXE rodless linear motion system from Electromate. It highlights that the MXE system offers maximum durability through its platform design and uses of band and bearing technologies. The MXE provides pneumatic and electric options across 30 products and 6 frame sizes, with solid or profiled bearing choices to suit different load and speed applications. Electromate promotes the MXE's flexibility, durability, and price points.
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus in different shells. An atom's atomic number refers to the number of protons, while its atomic mass includes the number of protons and neutrons. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Electronics involves the flow of electrons and concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and power. Circuits allow electricity to flow through a closed conductive loop. Materials are classified as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on how easily electrons can flow through them.
This document provides an overview of basic electronics topics including electricity, voltage, current, resistance, capacitors, inductors, semiconductors, and digital electronics. It outlines the contents which will be covered such as basic electronics symbols, measuring equipment, resistors, capacitors, diodes, integrated circuits, power supplies and circuits. Key concepts such as voltage, current, resistance, Ohm's Law, and basic logic gates are defined and explained at a high level.
Basic Electronics Notes written by Arun Kumar G, Associate Professor, Dept. o...Arunkumar Gowdru
This document provides contact information for two professors - Arun Kumar G M.Tech., (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at STJIT, RANEBENNUR, and Spoorti J Jainar B.E., M.Tech., Assistant Professor at KLEIT, HUBLI. It lists their names, titles, departments and institutions. It also provides an email address and phone number for Arun Kumar for feedback and suggestions regarding the Basic Electronics course.
Resistors are used to limit current or divide voltage and can generate heat. Capacitors store energy in the form of charge and are measured in Farads. Diodes only conduct current in one direction, while transistors can amplify or switch electronic signals and have emitter, base, and collector terminals.
The document defines and describes the basic functions of common electronic components, including resistors, diodes, transistors, capacitors, speakers, motors, and sensors. It explains that resistors limit electrical current, diodes only conduct current in one direction, transistors are used as electronic switches, capacitors store energy, speakers convert electrical signals to sound, and sensors like LDRs convert light levels to resistance.
This document provides an overview of basic electronics concepts including lattices, semiconductors, diodes, and transistors. It begins by defining lattices and their applications in mathematics. It then discusses superconductors, insulators, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and the band theory of conduction. Diodes and rectifiers are introduced, including half-wave and full-wave rectification circuits. The document concludes by explaining transistors, including bipolar junction transistors with npn and pnp configurations and their characteristics curves. Transistors are shown to have applications as amplifiers and switches in devices like LED spotlights and single transistor radios.
Basic electronics and electrical first year engineeringron181295
The document provides information on p-n junction diodes and their characteristics:
- A p-n junction is formed at the boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductor materials. When joined, electrons and holes diffuse across the junction forming a depletion region.
- Diodes can be forward or reverse biased by applying an external voltage. In forward bias, current flows through the majority carriers. In reverse bias, the depletion region widens preventing majority carrier flow, but some minority carrier current still flows.
- The V-I characteristics of a diode show regions of forward conduction, reverse saturation current, and breakdown. Key parameters are forward voltage drop, reverse breakdown voltage, and dynamic resistance.
Circuit components used in robotics include passive devices like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Active devices include batteries, diodes, LEDs, photodiodes, and transistors. Semiconductor components act as switches to control electric current or voltage. Transistors can be used as amplifiers, switches, and regulators.
Haydon Kerk basic product training 2009.Electromate
Stepper motors are useful for positioning applications because they move a set amount of rotation for each input pulse. Can-stack motors move 7.5 or 15 degrees per pulse, while hybrid motors move 0.9 or 1.8 degrees per pulse. This precise stepping motion allows stepper motors to accurately control position.
Nippon Pulse linear shaft motor product presentation 2011 in english and germanElectromate
The document discusses a linear shaft motor system for ultra-precision applications. It describes the motor as having a coreless design with cylindrical coils to maximize stiffness while avoiding issues like cogging forces and heat generation from eddy currents. The motor is rated conservatively to dissipate heat directly to air without external cooling. It can achieve nanometer-level positioning accuracy with minimal following error.
Haydon Kerk motion systems linear motion presentation 2010Electromate
This document discusses linear systems that use leadscrews and nuts to provide precise linear positioning. It describes how leadscrews work using the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane to convert rotational motion to linear motion. It discusses key characteristics of leadscrews like diameter, lead, and pitch. It also discusses how rolling is used to manufacture leadscrews, providing benefits like increased accuracy and low friction. The document addresses how clearances between leadscrews and nuts can cause backlash, and describes different methods like gravity bias, springs, and elastic rings that are used to eliminate backlash.
Tolomatic presentation understanding the application processElectromate
The document discusses factors to consider when selecting an electric actuator system, including load characteristics, maximum speed, stroke length, moment loads, acceleration/deceleration, actuator and carrier positioning, environmental conditions, and precision requirements. It provides examples of common automation applications that use electric actuators and describes different actuator styles for moving and carrying various types and weights of loads. Rodless and rod-style actuators are compared, and load capacity charts list the maximum loads for different rodless actuator models.
Nippon Pulse high precision linear motion made simple presentation 2009Electromate
This document provides information about linear shaft motors from Oriental Motor. It describes linear shaft motors as brushless linear motors that provide high precision linear motion. It discusses their advantages over other linear motion systems, including high efficiency and output. It also outlines Oriental Motor's linear shaft motor product lineup and specifications, applications, and selection guidelines.
Nippon Pulse high precision linear motion made simple presentation oct. 2009 Electromate
The document provides information about linear shaft motors from Oriental Motor. It discusses the structure, advantages, and specifications of linear shaft motors. Key points include that linear shaft motors have a coreless design with no iron in the stator or rotor, providing benefits like no cogging, stiffness, and a non-critical large air gap. Specifications like force, velocity, and acceleration are discussed. Applications include semiconductor manufacturing equipment and medical devices.
Ibex medical nano technology presentation may 2009Electromate
The document discusses Ibex's capabilities for designing precision motion control systems. It provides an overview of Ibex's history and markets served. It then describes the engineering process for designing high precision systems, focusing on factors like accuracy, repeatability, structural stiffness, feedback, and controlling natural frequencies. A variety of positioning stage technologies and configurations are also presented.
This document discusses linear motion components, including linear bearing types (ball & rod, cross roller, plastic roller, round rail, square rail) and mechanical drive types (manual, screw driven, belt & pulley driven). It provides information on selecting the proper component based on factors like load, travel distance, accuracy needs. The document is an overview presented by LINTECH of their positioning components and systems.
This document provides an overview and specifications for Electromate's new MXB-series belt-driven actuators. The MXB series extends Electromate's MX product line with sizes from 16 to 63 and various configuration options. Key features are highlighted, including common components with MX actuators. Pre-production testing is underway to evaluate performance of the new sizes under different load and speed conditions.
Applied Motion Products stm integrated motor product presentation march 2009Electromate
www.electromate.com
The document provides an overview of the STM23 Series stepper motors from Applied Motion Products. It describes that the STM23 has drive electronics mounted directly onto the motor housing, making it a self-contained unit. It then summarizes the various options and part numbering system for the STM23 motors, including frame sizes, control types, stack lengths, communication ports, encoders, and input/output capabilities. The document is intended to educate distributors on the STM23 product line.
Nippon Pulse Stepper Motor Basics Presentation Electromate
A stepper motor takes input pulses and moves in proportional steps, making it useful for precision positioning and speed control applications. It requires a power circuit and sequencing circuit to change the phase of its coils. Stepper motors are used in medical devices, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, factory automation systems, office equipment, home appliances, and more. The document goes on to describe how stepper motors generate movement through unipolar or bipolar drive circuits and coils.
Hd Systems LLC actively marketed products 2006Electromate
The document describes various gear component sets and gearheads sold and serviced by Electromate, including CSF, CSG "Quantum", CSD "Ultra Flat", SHF "Silk Hat", SHG "Silk Hat Quantum", HDUF "Pancake", HDUR "Pancake", HDT "T cup", HDB phasing gear set, HDI "Infinit-Indexer", and CSF-2UH gearhead. It provides information on sizes, ratios, torque and life specifications for each product.
Ibex engineering high precision linear motion made easy presentation 2009Electromate
The document discusses considerations for designing sub-micron positioning systems. It covers evaluating specifications, choosing appropriate mechanical components like bearings and screws, and factors that impact accuracy like thermal expansion and feedback methods. The goal is to understand all factors that influence precision so the optimal design can be selected for the target application.
The document introduces the new MXE rodless linear motion system from Electromate. It highlights that the MXE system offers maximum durability through its platform design and uses of band and bearing technologies. The MXE provides pneumatic and electric options across 30 products and 6 frame sizes, with solid or profiled bearing choices to suit different load and speed applications. Electromate promotes the MXE's flexibility, durability, and price points.
Gam Gear new product presentation feb. 2007Electromate
This document provides information on gearbox products sold and serviced by Electromate. It includes an overview of Electromate's GAM (Gearbox and Motor) product line, which consists of precision planetary and right angle gearboxes in various output configurations and performance levels. Contact information is provided for Electromate along with product specifications, features, and summaries of individual gearbox series including the JPG, Dyna, SPL, FP, DL, HPS, and EPL series.
The document discusses Electromate's launch of the new MXB-U belt drive product. It provides an overview of belt drive technology and applications, compares the features of the MXB-U to other Electromate belt drive products, and describes the MXB-U's options, sizing software tools, and potential applications. The presentation aims to promote the MXB-U as part of Electromate's wide range of actuator solutions.
Tolomatic ERD20 and acs ethernet presentationElectromate
This document summarizes products and services from Electromate, including electric rod-style actuators (ERD), actuator control solutions (ACS), and integrated mechanical actuators (IMA). It provides information on various models of ERD and IMA actuators, control options, applications, and specifications. Electromate offers a complete actuator solution with affordable drives that are easy to use and know the mechanics of the system.
Nippon Pulse linear shaft motor presentation 2005Electromate
The document discusses the principles and operation of a linear shaft motor. It describes the motor's structure, which consists of magnets and coils on a sliding part that moves along a shaft. The motor produces thrust using Fleming's left-hand rule as current passes through the coils in the magnetic field. It also highlights several advantages of linear shaft motors like their ability to produce high thrust yet remain compact and lightweight. Applications mentioned include using the motors for high-precision positioning.
The document discusses Kerk lead screw assemblies and linear motion products. It summarizes that Kerk develops proprietary lead screw and nut designs using precision thread rolling and custom plastic formulations. Key technologies include thread rolling, nut injection molding, and customization of lead screw assemblies for linear motion applications.
Tolomatic ICR Smart Actuator Product Presentation may 2009Electromate
The document introduces the ICR SmartActuator series from Electromate. It includes the ICR Basic and ICR Plus models, which are integrated servo motor, drive, and controller units. The ICR Basic provides plug-and-play operation for basic two-position motion, while the ICR Plus allows for more advanced programming and network communication options. Both models offer compact, durable designs suitable for industrial automation applications.
Similar to Nippon Pulse Basic Electronics Presentation (20)
Automated screw thread quality checking using SMAC LAR55 actuator new produc...Electromate
The document discusses an automated screw thread quality checking solution using SMAC LAR55 actuators. It allows 100% inspection of screw threads to check for issues like oversizing, cross-threading, depth, and pitch. This can help automakers meet higher quality standards by eliminating defective parts and providing immediate feedback. The LAR55's precision Z-theta motion makes it suitable for automatically checking screw threads.
An overview of the various kinematic models in both parallel and serial robot...Electromate
This document provides an overview of kinematic models for parallel and serial robotic mechanisms and their suitability for precision applications. It introduces Ilian Bonev, a professor at École de technologie supérieure who is an expert in parallel robots and precision robotics. It then describes some parallel robots that have been developed at the Control and Robotics Laboratory including ones for medical, manufacturing, and research applications. The document concludes with sections on robot calibration methods and the differences between serial and parallel mechanisms.
Galil motion control robotic symposium presentation-linear motion from non-li...Electromate
The document discusses non-linear robotic motion control solutions. It describes how Galil Motion Control provides controllers for various types of non-linear robots like SCARA and delta robots. It covers topics like selecting the robot topology, designing each joint, motor selection, forward and inverse kinematics equations, vibration reduction techniques, and examples of implementing motion control for SCARA robots.
Advanced motion controls robotics symposium presentation-open standard tools ...Electromate
This document discusses the development of control software for a linear delta robot used in 3D printing. It describes using PLCopen function blocks and XML files to create reusable software components for robot kinematics and handling G-code from slicing programs. Function block diagrams are created to process G-code, set coordinate systems, and represent the overall project logic. The solution involves creating user-defined function blocks to handle the robot's inverse kinematics and translate G-code commands into motions.
Maxon motor ag robotic symposium presentation-impedance control overview and ...Electromate
The document discusses impedance control, an approach to robot control that models mechanical systems as electrical circuits using impedance. It defines electrical and mechanical impedance analogously and describes how components like resistors, inductors, and capacitors correspond to dampers, masses, and springs physically. The document outlines applications of impedance control and emphasizes the importance of selecting low-inertia motors, high-efficiency gears, and fast, accurate sensors and controllers. Overall, the document argues that impedance control requires creative engineering of mechanical designs and electrical components.
Kollmorgen robotic symposium presentation-motor design impacts on the optimiz...Electromate
The document discusses how motor design impacts the optimization of robotic systems. It explains that frameless motors can enable smaller, lighter and faster robots through their direct drive capabilities and high torque density. The document also covers various motor topologies and important concepts like torque constant, motor size constant, and how they relate to continuous torque capacity, efficiency and losses. Application examples discussed include collaborative robots, surgical robots, and mobile robots.
Harmonic drive llc robotics symposium presentation-designing from the inside ...Electromate
The document discusses defining robot performance requirements and how customized solutions from Harmonic Drive can help meet those requirements. It provides an overview of Harmonic Drive's product line and gear technologies, then discusses how mechanical modifications and performance customizations can be made to their gear components and systems to optimize robots for specific design requirements and applications. Customizations like increased accuracy, stiffness, torque properties and materials can be made, with varying levels of difficulty and cost implications discussed.
Thomson Linear Dual Shaft Rail 2DA Modular SpecsElectromate
This document provides specifications and dimensional drawings for Thomson Industries' Dual Shaft Rail linear guides with modular carriages. It includes part numbers, dimensions, load ratings and descriptions of the components. Linear guides use dual linear race shaft rails and modular carriages with open type Super Smart Ball Bushings. They are used in continuously supported applications requiring rigidity and are adaptable to any drive system.
Thomson Linear 2DA QuickSlide System with BrakeElectromate
This document provides specifications for Thomson Industries' 2DA QuickSlide system with brake, including:
- It offers manual locking with infinite positioning, no carriage surface deflection when locked, and immediate availability in common sizes.
- The locking mechanism does not increase load on the bearing and allows zero axial movement during locking.
- It provides a fully supported dual shaft assembly for maximum rigidity and unlimited travel.
Thomson Linear RoundRail 2CA Web Universal Carriage SpecsElectromate
This document contains specifications for Thomson Industries' Twin Shaft Web Linear Guide system. It includes dimensions, part numbers, load ratings and descriptions of the components. The linear guides use a double shaft and welded web design for improved torque strength and deflection characteristics. They are designed to move medium loads with low friction and are commonly used when bridging gaps.
Thomson Linear RoundRail 1VC Double End Supported SpecsElectromate
The document provides specifications for various FluoroNyliner linear guide components including:
- Pillow blocks, twin pillow blocks, shaft end support blocks, and mounting table tops for different size linear guides ranging from 0.375 to 1.5 inches in diameter.
- It lists the part numbers, dimensions, materials, weights, and other specifications for each component.
- It also includes an illustration of a double end supported linear guide system with pillow blocks, shafts, end supports, and a size B mounting table top.
Thomson Linear RoundRail 2CA Web Flanged Carriage SpecsElectromate
This document provides specifications for Thomson Industries' Twin Shaft Web Linear Guide system. It includes dimensions, load capacity information, and part numbers for various components of the 2CA linear guide, which features a flanged carriage design and double linear race shaft for improved torque and deflection characteristics. Configuration and installation details are also listed.
Thomson Linear RoundRail Twin Shaft Web 2CAElectromate
The document provides specifications for Thomson RoundRail linear guides and components. It includes dimensions, features, and part numbering for twin shaft web linear guides in both vertical and horizontal configurations ranging from 0.5 to 1 inch in diameter. Load capacity charts are provided for different guide sizes and configurations that can support loads between 165 to 3000 pounds depending on the model. Maximum guide lengths are listed as 72 inches and engineering calculations for shaft deflection are also noted.
Thomson Linear RoundRail 1VC Double Unsupported SpecsElectromate
The document contains specifications for various FluoroNyliner linear guide parts, including dimensions, part numbers, materials, load ratings, and performance notes. It lists 14 different linear guide parts with nominal diameters ranging from 0.375 to 1.5 inches. For each part, it provides dimensions for components like bearing blocks, carriages, and table tops. It also includes general information on specifying linear guides and product notes on materials and lubrication.
The Thomson WhisperTrak electric linear actuator offers a compact, quiet, and durable solution for applications requiring linear motion. It is particularly well-suited for personal mobility, medical, and rehabilitation equipment due to its small size and silent operation. The actuator provides reliable, maintenance-free movement and has an IP67 rating, making it protected against water and dust. Its flexibility and high performance in a small package make it suitable for a wide range of industries.
The document provides information on the T-Series Ball Profile Rail from Thomson, including:
- It is lightweight, highly flexible, and forgiving, making it suitable for applications with poor misalignment.
- It has a low cost of installation as it can be mounted directly to non-machined bases without special tools.
- It offers industry standard dimensions and dimensions interchangeable with other rail brands, allowing for easy replacement.
Thomson Linear RoundRail Accessories Collapsable Bellows SpecsElectromate
This document provides specifications for various bellows that can be used to protect slides and shafts. It lists different part numbers for bellows with a range of nominal shaft diameters from 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches. The bellows are made of polyester cover and PVC stiffeners. Dimensions such as length, width, and height are provided for each part number. Some bellows are single shaft while others are dual shaft or for horizontal vs vertical systems. Each bellows comes with attachment pieces like Velcro or mounting brackets.
Thomson Linear Roundrail Dual Shaft Rail 2DA SpecsElectromate
The document provides specifications for Danaher Motion's dual shaft rail linear guides with integrated carriages. It includes dimensions, load ratings, dynamic capacities, and part numbering for the 2DA series linear guides available in nominal diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 inches. Both full and short length carriage options are detailed along with components, material specifications, and the supplier contact information.
Thomson Linear RoundRail Continuous Support 1PC SpecsElectromate
This document provides specifications for various linear guide assemblies with table tops from Thomson Industries. It includes dimensions, part numbers, load ratings and limit data for single rail linear guides with sizes ranging from M12 to M40 diameter in configurations with 4 pillow blocks, 2 twin pillow blocks or no pillow blocks and size E or F table tops. Mounting details and specifications are provided for the various components including rails, pillow blocks and table tops.
Thomson Linear RoundRail Continuous Support 1PB SpecsElectromate
The document contains specifications for various continuously supported linear guide assemblies and their components. It lists part numbers, dimensions, load ratings, and other technical specifications for linear guides, support rails, pillow blocks, and bearings. Materials include aluminum alloys and bearings include ball bushings. Linear guides are specified by part number plus length and provide continuous support for applications requiring rigidity.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
2. Basic Electronics
(Outline)
• The Elements of Electricity
• Volt-Ohm-Meter Basics (Measuring Electricity)
• Circuit Diagrams Basics (Electronic
Roadmaps)
• The Resistor
• Ohm’s Law
• The Capacitor
• The Inductor
• The Diode Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
• The Transistor (Electronic Valve)
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
3. The Elements of Electricity
• Voltage
• Current
• Resistance
• Types of Current: AC and DC
• Circuits
– Closed
– Open
– Short
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
4. Voltage, Current, and Resistance
• Water flowing through a
hose is a good way to
imagine electricity
Water is like Electrons in a wire
(flowing electrons are called
Current)
Pressure is the force pushing
water through a hose –
Voltage is the force pushing
electrons through a wire
Friction against the holes walls
slows the flow of water –
Resistance is an impediment
that slows the flow of electrons
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
5. Forms of Current
• There are 2 types of current
– The form is determined by the directions the current flows
through a conductor
• Direct Current (DC)
– Flows in only one direction from negative toward positive
pole of source
• Alternating Current (AC)
– Flows back and forth because the poles of the source
alternate between positive and negative
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
6. AC Current Vocabulary
Time Period of One Cycle Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
7. Circuits
• A circuit is a path for current to flow
• Three basic kinds of circuits
– Open – the path is broken and interrupts current
flow
– Closed – the path is complete and current flows
were it is intended
– Short – an unintended low resistance path that
divers current
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
10. Volt-Ohm-Meter Basics
Meter Reading Digits
DC Voltage Scales
AC Voltage Scales
Function Selection
Jacks Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
11. Volt-Ohm-Meter Basics
DC Current (low)
DC Current (high)
Resistance
Transistor Checker
Diode Checker Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
12. Measuring Current
Negativ Positive
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
e Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Source
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
Source
13. Measuring Resistance
• When the VOM is used to measure resistance,
what actually is measured is a small current
applied to the component.
• There are 5 ranges. An out of resistance
reading will be indicated by a single “1” digit.
Remember k means multiply the reading by
1000.
• Operating voltages should be removed from
the component under test or you could
damage the VOM at worst, or the reading Sold & Serviced By:
could be in error at best.
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
23. Special
V
Battery Speaker
Voltmeter
A
Sold & Serviced By:
Fuse Antenna ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Ampmeter Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
24. The Resistor
• Resistance defined
• Resistance values
– Ohms – color code interpretation
– Power dissipation
• Resistors in circuits
– Series
– Parallel
– Combination
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
25. Resistance Defined
• Resistance is the impediment to the
flow of electrons through a conductor
– (friction to moving electrons)
– Where there’s friction, there is heat generated
– All materials exhibit some resistance, even the
best of conductors
• Unit measured in Ohm(s)
– From 1/10 of Ohms to millions of Ohms
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
26. Resistor Types
• Fixed Value
• Variable value
• Composite resistive material
• Wire-wound
• Two parameters associated with
resistors
– Resistance value in Ohms
– Power handling capabilities in watts
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
27. All 1000 Ohm Resistors
1/8 ¼ ½ 1 2 20 Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
31. Reading Resistor Color Codes
1. Turn resistor so gold, silver band, or space is at
right
2. Note the color of the two left hand color bands
3. The left most band is the left hand value digit
4. The next band to the right is the second value digit
5. Note the color of the third band from the left, this is
the multiplier Sold & Serviced By:
6. Multiply the 2 value digits by the multiplier ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
34. Power dissipation
• Resistance generates heat and the
component must be able to dissipate
this heat to prevent damage.
• Physical size (the surface area available
to dissipate heat) is a good indicator of
how much heat (power) a resistor can
handle
• Measured in watts
• Common values ¼, ½, 1, 5, 10 etc.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
35. Resistors in Circuits
Series
• Looking at the
current path, if there
is only one path, the
components are in
series.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
36. Resistors in Circuits
Series
RE = R1 + R2 + Rn
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
37. Resistors in Circuits
Series
R1 R2 Calculate Measured
d RE RE
100 100
100K 10K
4.7K 4.7K
330 4.7K Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
38. Resistors in Circuits
Parallel
• If there is more than
one way for the
current to complete
its path, the circuit is
a parallel circuit.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
40. Resistors in Circuits
Parallel
R1 R2 Calculate Measured
d RE RE
100 100
100K 10K
4.7K 10K
330 4.7K
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
41. Resistors in Circuits
Parallel Challenge
• Make a circuit with 3 resistors in
parallel, calculate the equivalent
resistance then measure it.
R1 = 330 ohm
R2 = 10 k-ohm
R3 = 4.7 k-ohm
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
42. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
• If the path for the
current in a portion of
Series
the circuit is a single
Series
path, and in another
portion of the circuit has
multiple routes, the
circuit is a mix of series
and parallel.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Parallel Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
43. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
R1 330
• Take the parallel
segment of the
circuit and calculate
the equivalent R2 R3
resistance: 4.7K 2.2K
R2 R3
RE =
R2 + R3 Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
44. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
R1 330
• We now can look at the
simplified circuit as
shown here. The
parallel resistors have
been replaced by a
single resistor with a
value of 1498 ohms.
• Calculate the resistance
of this series circuit: RE=1498
R1 + RE Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
45. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed R1
• In this problem, divide
the problem into
Series
sections, solve each
section and then R2
Series
combine them all back
Parallel
R4
into the whole.
• R1 = 330 R3
• R2 = 1K
• R3 = 2.2K
• R4 = 4.7K Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
46. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
R2
• Looking at this
portion of the
circuit, the resistors
are in series.
R2 = 1k-ohm
R3 = 2.2 k-ohm
R3
RE = R2 + R3
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
47. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
R1
• Substituting the
equivalent resistance
just calculated, the
circuit is simplified to
this.
R1 = 330 ohm RE R4
R4 = 4.7 k-ohm
RE = 3.2 k-ohm
• Now look at the parallel
resistors RE and R4. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
48. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
• Using the parallel
formula for:
RE = 3.2 k-ohm RE R4
R4 = 4.7 k-ohm
RE R4
RT =
RE + R4
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
49. Resistors in Circuits
Mixed
R1
• The final calculations
involve R1 and the
new RTotal from the
previous parallel
calculation.
R1 = 330 RTotal
RE = 1.9K
RTotal = R1 + RE Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
51. Ohm’s Law
• The mathematical relationship
E=I*R
• Doing the math
• Kirchhoff’s law
– A way to predict circuit behavior
• It all adds up
• Nothing is lost
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
52. Ohm’s Law
• There is a mathematical
E = I *R
relationship between
the three elements of E
electricity. That
relationship is Ohm’s
R=
law.
E = volts
I
R = resistance in ohms
I = current in amps
E
I=
R
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
53. Ohm’s Law
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
54. Ohm’s Law
• This is the basic circuit
that you will use for the
following exercises.
• The VOM will be moved A
to measure
voltage,resistance and V
current.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
55. Ohm’s Law Exercise 1
• Wire this circuit using a
100 ohm resistor.
• Without power applied
measure the resistance V
of the resistor.
• Connect the 9 volt
battery and measure
the voltage across the
resistor.
• Record your data.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
56. Ohm’s Law Exercise 1
• Using the voltage
E
and resistance data
in Ohm’s law, I=
calculate the
anticipated current.
R
• Example data results
in a current of .09 8.8volts
amps or 90 .09amps =
milliamps 98.1ohms
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
57. Ohm’s Law Exercise 1
• Insert the VOM into the
circuit as indicated in
this diagram.
A
• Using the appropriate
current range, measure
the actual current in the
circuit.
• How does the measured
current compare to your
prediction using Ohm’s
law?
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
58. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• The next series of exercises will put Ohm’s
Law to use to illustrate some principles of
basic electronics.
• As in the previous exercise you will build the
circuits and insert the VOM into the circuit in
the appropriate way to make current and
voltage measurements.
• Throughout the exercise record your data so
that you can compare it to calculations. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
59. + -
Ohm’s Law In Practice A
• Build up the R1
illustrated circuit.
R1 = 1 k-ohm
R2 = 1 k-ohm
R3 = 2.2 k-ohm
R4 = 300 ohm R2 R3
• Measure the current
flowing through the
circuit. R4
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
60. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• Now move the VOM
to the other side of
the circuit and
measure the
current.
• The current should
be the same as the
previous
measurement. A Sold & Serviced By:
+ - ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
61. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• Insert the VOM at
the indicated +
location and A
measure the -
current.
• There should be no
surprise that the
current is the same.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
62. Ohm’s Law In Practice
V
• Measure the voltage
across R1.
• Using Ohm’s law,
calculate the voltage
drop across a 1K ohm
resistor at the current
you measured
• Compare the result.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
63. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• In this next step, you
will insert the VOM in #1 #2
the circuit at two places
illustrated at the right A A
as #1 and #2.
• Record your current
readings for both
places.
• Add the currents and
compare and contrast
to the current measured
entering the total Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
circuit. Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
64. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• Using the current measured through #1 and
the resistance value of R2, 1k ohms, calculate
the voltage drop across the resistor.
• Likewise do the same with the current
measured through #2 and the resistance
value of R3, 2.2k ohms.
• Compare and contrast these two voltage
values
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
65. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• Measure the voltage
across the parallel
resistors and record
your answer.
• Compare and contrast V
the voltage measured to
the voltage drop
calculated.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
66. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• In the next step, insert
the VOM into the circuit
as illustrated, measure
and record the current.
• Compare and contrast
the current measured to
the total current
measured in a previous A
step.
• Were there any
surprises?
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
67. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• Using the current you
just measured and the
resistance of R4 (330
ohms), calculate what
the voltage drop across
R4 should be.
• Insert the VOM into the
circuit as illustrated and
measure the voltage.
V
• Compare and contrast
the measured and
calculated voltages. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
68. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• There is one final
measurement to complete
this portion of the exercise.
Insert the VOM as indicated.
• Recall the 3 voltages
measured previously; across
R1, R2 and R3, and across R4. V
• Add these three voltages
together and then compare
and contrast the result with
the total voltage just
measured.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
69. Ohm’s Law In Practice
• What you observed was:
– The sum of the individual currents entering a node
was equal to the total current leaving a node .
– The sum of the voltage drops was equal to the
total voltage across the circuit.
• This is Kirchhoff’s law and is very
useful in the study of electronic circuits.
• You also noted that Ohm’s law applied
throughout the circuit. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
70. The Capacitor
• Capacitance defined • Capacitance values
• Physical construction – Numbering system
– Types • Capacitors in circuits
– How construction affects – Series
values – Parallel
– Power ratings – Mixed
• Capacitor
performance with AC
and DC currents
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
71. The Capacitor
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
72. The Capacitor
Defined
• A device that stores energy
in electric field.
• Two conductive plates
separated by a non
conductive material.
• Electrons accumulate on one
plate forcing electrons away
from the other plate leaving
a net positive charge.
• Think of a capacitor as very
small, temporary storage
battery. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
73. The Capacitor
Physical Construction
• Capacitors are rated
by:
– Amount of charge that
can be held.
– The voltage handling
capabilities.
– Insulating material
between plates.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
74. The Capacitor
Ability to Hold a Charge
• Ability to hold a
charge depends on:
– Conductive plate surface
area.
– Space between plates.
– Material between plates.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
76. Charging a Capacitor
• In the following activity you
will charge a capacitor by
connecting a power source
(9 volt battery) to a
capacitor.
• You will be using an
electrolytic capacitor, a +
capacitor that uses polarity
sensitive insulating material
between the conductive
plates to increase charge
capability in a small physical
package.
• Notice the component has
polarity identification + or -.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
77. Charging a Capacitor
• Touch the two leads of the capacitor
together.
• This short circuits the capacitor to make
sure there is no residual charge left in
the capacitor.
• Using your VOM, measure the voltage
across the leads of the capacitor
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
78. Charging a Capacitor
• Wire up the illustrated circuit
and charge the capacitor.
• Power will only have to be
applied for a moment to fully
charge the capacitor.
• Quickly remove the capacitor
+
from the circuit and touch
the VOM probes to the
capacitor leads to measure
the voltage.
• Carefully observe the voltage
reading over time until the
voltage is at a very low level
(down to zero volts). Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
80. The Capacitor
Behavior in DC
• When connected to a DC source, the
capacitor charges and holds the charge
as long as the DC voltage is applied.
• The capacitor essentially blocks DC
current from passing through.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
81. The Capacitor
Behavior in AC
• When AC voltage is applied, during one half
of the cycle the capacitor accepts a charge in
one direction.
• During the next half of the cycle, the
capacitor is discharged then recharged in the
reverse direction.
• During the next half cycle the pattern
reverses.
• It acts as if AC current passes through a
capacitor Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
82. The Capacitor
Behavior
• A capacitor blocks the passage of DC
current
• A capacitor passes AC current
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
83. The Capacitor
Capacitance Value
• The unit of capacitance is the farad.
– A single farad is a huge amount of capacitance.
– Most electronic devices use capacitors that are a very tiny
fraction of a farad.
• Common capacitance ranges are:
Micro μ 10-6
Nano
n 10-9
Pico p 10-12 Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
84. The Capacitor
Capacitance Value
• Capacitor identification
depends on the
capacitor type.
• Could be color bands,
dots, or numbers.
• Wise to keep capacitors
organized and identified
to prevent a lot of work
trying to re-identify the
values. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
85. Capacitors in Circuits
+
• Three physical
factors affect Charged plates
capacitance values. far apart
– Plate spacing
– Plate surface area -
– Dielectric material
• In series, plates are
far apart making C1C2
capacitance less CE =
C1 + C2 Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
86. Capacitors in Circuits
• In parallel, the +
surface area of the
plates add up to be
greater.
• This makes the total
capacitance higher. -
CE = C1 + C2
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
87. The Inductor
• Inductance defined
• Physical construction
– How construction affects
values
• Inductor
performance with
AC and DC currents
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
88. The Inductor
• There are two fundamental principles
of electromagnetics:
1. Moving electrons create a magnetic field.
2. Moving or changing magnetic fields cause
electrons to move.
• An inductor is a coil of wire through
which electrons move, and energy is
stored in the resulting magnetic field.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
89. The Inductor
• Like capacitors,
inductors temporarily
store energy.
• Unlike capacitors:
– Inductors store energy in a
magnetic field, not an
electric field.
– When the source of
electrons is removed, the
magnetic field collapses
immediately.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
90. The Inductor
• Inductors are simply
coils of wire.
– Can be air wound (just
air in the middle of the
coil)
– Can be wound around a
permeable material
(material that
concentrates magnetic
fields)
– Can be wound around a
circular form (toroid) Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
91. The Inductor
• Inductance is measured in Henry(s).
• A Henry is a measure of the intensity of
the magnetic field that is produced.
• Typical inductor values used in
electronics are in the range of millihenry
(1/1000 Henry) and microhenry
(1/1,000,000 Henry)
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
92. The Inductor
• The amount of
inductance is
influenced by a
number of factors:
– Number of coil turns.
– Diameter of coil.
– Spacing between turns.
– Size of the wire used.
– Type of material inside
the coil. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
93. Inductor Performance With DC
Currents
• When a DC current is applied to an inductor,
the increasing magnetic field opposes the
current flow and the current flow is at a
minimum.
• Finally, the magnetic field is at its maximum
and the current flows to maintain the field.
• As soon as the current source is removed, the
magnetic field begins to collapse and creates
a rush of current in the other direction,
sometimes at very high voltage. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
94. Inductor Performance With AC
Currents
• When AC current is applied to an inductor,
during the first half of the cycle, the magnetic
field builds as if it were a DC current.
• During the next half of the cycle, the current
is reversed and the magnetic field first has to
decrease the reverse polarity in step with the
changing current.
• These forces can work against each other
resulting in a lower current flow. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
95. The Inductor
• Because the magnetic
field surrounding an
inductor can cut across
another inductor in
close proximity, the
changing magnetic field
in one can cause
current to flow in the
other … the basis of
transformers
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
96. The Diode
• The semi-conductor phenomena
• Diode performance with AC and DC
currents
• Diode types
– General purpose
– LED
– Zenier
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
97. The Diode
The semi-conductor phenomena
• Atoms in a metal allow a “sea” of electrons
that are relatively free to move about.
• Semiconducting materials like Silicon and
Germanium have fewer free electrons.
• Impurities added to semiconductor material
can either add free electrons or create an
absence of free electrons (holes).
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
98. The Diode
The semi-conductor phenomena
• Consider the bar of silicon at the right.
– One side of the bar is doped with negative material (excess
electrons). The cathode.
– The other side is doped with positive material (excess holes). The
anode Sold & Serviced By:
– In between is a no man’s land called the P-N Junction. ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
99. The Diode
The semi-conductor phenomena
• Consider now applying a negative voltage to the
anode and positive voltage to the cathode.
• The electrons are attracted away from the junction.
• This diode is reverse biased meaning no current will
flow.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
100. The Diode
The semi-conductor phenomena
• Consider now applying a positive voltage to
the anode and a negative voltage to the
cathode.
• The electrons are forced to the junction.
• This diode is forward biased meaning current
will flow. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
101. The Diode
with AC Current
• If AC is applied to a diode:
– During one half of the cycle the diode is forward biased and
current flows.
– During the other half of the cycle, the diode is reversed
biased and current stops.
• This is the process of rectification, allowing
current to flow in only one direction.
• This is used to convert AC into pulsating DC.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
102. The Diode
with AC Current
Output Pulsed DC Voltage
Diode
conducts
Diode off
Input AC Sold & Serviced By:
Voltage ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
103. The Light Emitting Diode
• In normal diodes, when electrons combine
with holes current flows and heat is
produced.
• With some materials, when electrons combine
with holes, photons of light are emitted, this
forms an LED.
• LEDs are generally used as indicators though
they have the same properties as a regular
diode. Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
104. The Light Emitting Diode
• Build the illustrated circuit on
the proto board.
• The longer LED lead is the
anode (positive end).
• Observe the diode response
330
• Reverse the LED and
observe what happens.
• The current limiting resistor
not only limits the current
but also controls LED
brightness.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
105. Zener Diode
• A Zener diode is
designed through
appropriate doping so
that it conducts at a
predetermined reverse 9V 4.7V
voltage.
– The diode begins to conduct
and then maintains that
predetermined voltage
• The over-voltage and
associated current must
be dissipated by the
diode as heat
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
106. The Transistor
(Electronic Valves)
• How they works, an
inside look
• Basic types
– NPN
– PNP
• The basic transistor
circuits
– Switch
– Amplifier Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
107. The Transistor
collector
base
emitter
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
108. The Transistor
e-
conducting
collector emitter
N P N
base
forward bias
e- e-
The base-emitter current controls the collector-base current
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
109. The Transistor
non-conducting
collector emitter
N P N
base
reverse bias
e- e-
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
110. The Transistor
• There are two basic types of
transistors depending of the
arrangement of the material.
– PNP PNP
– NPN
• An easy phrase to help
remember the appropriate
symbol is to look at the
arrow.
– PNP – pointing in proudly.
– NPN – not pointing in.
• The only operational
difference is the source
polarity. NPN
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
111. Putting It All Together
• Simple construction project
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com
112. Conclusion
• Not really - your journey to understand
basic electronics has just begun.
• This course was intended to introduce
you to some concepts and help you
become knowledgeable in others.
Sold & Serviced By:
ELECTROMATE
Toll Free Phone (877) SERVO98
Toll Free Fax (877) SERV099
www.electromate.com
sales@electromate.com