This document discusses night vision systems for vehicles. It provides details on: - Components of vehicle night vision systems including dual cameras, amplifiers, displays, sensors for motion, speed, daylight and night vision. - How night vision works using near-infrared light and intensifier tubes to amplify photons into visible light despite low illumination. - Design considerations for night vision displays including using green phosphors that are easiest for the human eye to see. - Statistics showing nighttime driving is much riskier due to impaired vision and factors like alcohol, fatigue and wildlife on the roads. - New materials being developed to improve night vision lenses, such as germanium and glass.

1. Presented by
Gaurav Gunjan
Govt. Engg College,Bikaner

3.  Dual camera
 Amplifier
 On board display
 Caution ICU
 Intelligent night
vision system
 Motion detection
sensor

4.  Vehicle Speed Sensor
 Daylight Sensors
 Night Vision Sensor
 Vehicular Output
Sensors

5.  A signal processor translates the thermo gram data to an image
suitable for display on a monitor.
 the range of an FIR system was over three times further than that
obtained with NIR — 119 m compared with 35 m.

6. • Near-infrard band at a wavelength of about 1 micrometer.
• Human visual range is about 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers.
• NVD's rely on ambient light, often from the moon and stars.
•The intensifier tubes use the photoelectric effect.
•As a photon collides with a detector plate, the metal ejects several
electrons that are then amplified into a cascade of electrons that light
up a phosphor screen.

7.  The night vision image does not have color information, and hence
monochromatic displays are sufficient.
 A green phosphor (P22) display is generally used as the human eye
is most sensitive to the color green in this wave length, which falls in
the middle of the visible light spectrum.
 The latest generation of NVD use a green yellow Phosphor (P43), and
gives the operator a much more comfortable viewing experience.

8.  Definition: 420 TV Lines
 Scan Frequency: 60Hz
 Minimum Illumination: 0
LUX
 120 degree super wide
viewing angle
 Size : 28mm x 42 mm
 Operation Temp : -20C ~ 50C
 Operating Voltage: DC 12-
Volt
 Inside Mount: fits into most
vehicle key holes
 Water Resistant
 Full Motion Real Time
Colour Video without delay.
 Standard video output
 Increment Control: Auto

9. Analysis of US traffic fatalities by the University of Michigan Transport
Research Institute (UMTRI) has shown :
 The risk of a pedestrian fatality is around four times higher at night
than during daylight hours.
 Higher alcohol consumption, increased fatigue, greater exposure to
animals on the road and reduced range of vision are some of the
important factors owing to the same.
 One reason that driving at night is so difficult is that high-beam
headlights can rarely be used owing to the frequent presence of
oncoming traffic.
 Older drivers, who typically have shorter detection distances of just
30–50 m for dark objects when driving with low-beams and facing
oncoming vehicles.

10.  Germanium and the chalcogenide glass GASIR
from Umicore are potential lens materials.
 Germanium is a high-performance material for
long-wavelength infrared lenses, with a high
mechanical resistance and a refractive index of
4.0.
 GASIR is a new type of infrared-transmitting
glass with a refractive index of 2.5.
 GASIR, unlike germanium, also possesses a
refractive index that does not vary much with
temperature, allowing for a simple opto-
mechanical design that does not require
temperature compensation.
 Single-point diamond turning process is required
to machine it into an aspherical surface.

11.  Connect to any type of
monitor with a composite
yellow RCA jack for
crystal clear resolution.
 Mounted inside will fit
into most vehicle key
holes, no other installation
needed
 Small compact size
 Waterproof
 Low power consumption
 High sensitivity
 Low maintenance
 Easy and comprehensive
installation

12. It has become the need of the hour to have these kinds
of hybrid safety systems on the latest automobiles that
could save the lives of many. Many such ideas are yet to
come and it is the duty of young budding engineers to
think innovatively and work upon developing such
techniques one of which being the night vision sensors
used in cars and other automobiles that are proving to be
a great success in the west and this should be
implemented immediately on the Indian terrain and
reduce the catastrophic incidents that occur on the roads
especially during the night times.

13. THANK YOU