Nice work and open education EDEN 2014
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1) Unemployment, especially among youth, is a major problem across Europe, with over 26 million people unemployed in 2013. 2) Work has become increasingly precarious, with many facing low wages, lack of job security, and poor working conditions. 3) Open education has the potential to help address these issues by providing affordable and accessible skills training at scale that is relevant for livelihoods and developing career paths.
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Nice work and open education EDEN 2014
- 1. Interesting work and Open Education Alan Tait Professor of Distance Education and Development The Open University UK EDEN 2014 1
- 2. Employment, unemployment and Open Education: from labour to work Summary • Challenges of work in life • Threat from unemployment • Poor quality work • The Precariat • Demography • More of the same? • The moment to rethink? • The obligations of educators • The potential of the Open Education movement EDEN 2014 2
- 3. Unemployment Europe 2013 Eurostat 2013 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics EDEN 2014 3
- 4. Unemployment Europe 2013 • Country average E28, 11% • Country range 5-27% • 26.8 million people unemployed • More than entire populations of Netherlands and Austria EDEN 2014 4
- 5. Youth unemployment Europe 2010-2012 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics EDEN 2014 5
- 6. Youth unemployment Europe 2010- 2012 • Country average 23% • Range of countries 8-58% • 5.5 million young people unemployed • More than entire population of Finland EDEN 2014 6
- 7. Unemployment Europe by educational level 2012 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics EDEN 2014 7
- 8. Educational attainment and unemployment Unemployed with • Primary and lower secondary 4%-42% • Upper secondary 3%-28% • Tertiary education 2.5%-18% EDEN 2014 8
- 9. Threat and promise of machine intelligence revolution • ‘Much routine brain-work will be computerised, as happened to clerical skills. Middle income jobs could hollow out far further. The outcome could be still more polarised incomes, with a tiny group of winners at the top and a vastly larger group struggling below.’ • ‘In 2012 ..the top 1% of Americans earned 22% of all incomes’ Martin Wolf Financial Times February 5 2014, reviewing Brynjolffson E and McAfee A, The Second Machine Age EDEN 2014 9
- 10. Impact of unemployment • Anxiety • Depression • Bad health habits (e.g. smoking, alcohol and other substance abuse) • Low self-esteem • Increased suicide • Increased general mortality Lynn M, Sandifer R and Stein S 1985 Jefferis J et al 2010 Mathers C and Schofield D 1998 Yur’yev A et al 2010 EDEN 2014 10
- 11. Miserable experience in the workplace • 40% of employees are ‘not engaged in the workplace’ • Impact on happiness and wellbeing • Impact on productivity and innovation • http://mashable.com/2013/11/24/job-satisfaction EDEN 2014 11
- 12. Top and bottom occupations Top have • Authority • Role supporting people • Income level • Skill • Stability Bottom have • Lack of autonomy • No care for people • Low social respect • Lower wages • Short contracts • Unpleasant working conditions EDEN 2014 12
- 13. The Precariat: the working poor • Low security • Low wages • Job not career • ‘Flexible’ in negative senses • ‘disposable’ EDEN 2014 13
- 14. Employment and unemployment in Europe: NOT business as usual Health: long term damage Social conflict: anomie EDEN 2014 14
- 15. What is to be done? Increase routes to livelihood How must open education contribute? Change nature of work EDEN 2014 15
- 16. Increased routes to livelihood • Europe as sustainable for employment in world economy • Skills and knowledge to create ‘world class economy’ • Skills and knowledge to support individuals in innovation and job applications • Work that supports health and wellbeing EDEN 2014 16
- 17. In work: instrumental and developmental attitudes • Adam Smith: work as toil. Rest as desirable state • John Ruskin and William Morris: work as craft • Friedrich Engels: work as fulfilment • Taylorism: work for majority as ‘operatives’ • What vision for work in 21st century? EDEN 2014 17
- 18. From labour to work: can we change? Worker as object • Labour • Job • Operative • Low skill • Routine • Wage • Short term contract • Precarité • Poverty in old age • Others’ purposes • Alienated • Object Worker as subject • work • Vocation • Craft and skill • Autonomy • Knowledge • Career • Stability • Salary • Pension • Lifelong learning • Professional • My purpose • Subject EDEN 2014 18
- 19. The transition to the digital world: what help can it give? EDEN 2014 19
- 20. A new landscape: from Distance and e- learning to Open Education • Scale • Flexibility • From informal to formal learning • From paradigm of ‘long’ to ‘short’ programmes • Pedagogic innovation • Mobile learning EDEN 2014 20
- 21. Open Education: the new landscape of innovation • Values led • Anti commodity • ‘free’ • Inclusion • Radical disruptive potential EDEN 2014 21
- 22. MOOCs and OER’s: new models for learning Passion and demand for learning is huge Current model of Higher Education is unsustainable Qualifications not completed (50% Baccalaureate completion in USA) Crisis of confidence re price and value Technology and on-line learning could offer different solutions 22EDEN 2014
- 23. Skills and Open Education: advantages not disadvantages • Learning , not apart from but in life and work • Investigation • Virtual teamworking • Management of online discussion • Curating of e-resources • ICT supported presentations EDEN 2014 23
- 24. Open education: radical potential • Compelling attraction of learning • Scale: only Open Education has capacity • Learner success • Skills for personal lives, citizens, creators of livelihood • To become subjects not objects in society and economy EDEN 2014 24
- 25. The vision for interesting work and open education • Would include • Education for All: not privileged minority • not just the ‘salariat’ and their children • Affordable or free • At scale • Compelling and high quality • Relevant for livelihood and development • Fit for mobile learning • With employers as social partners • work in life • learning in life • To make people subjects not objects EDEN 2014 25
- 26. What can we do? • Will EC projects make enough impact? • Need national interventions • Go to senior management within our organisations and institutions • Promote livelihood as policy priority for education • Go to employers, trades unions, and governments • They all need vision for learning and work in life • Task force for EDEN? EDEN 2014 26
- 27. Interesting work and Open Education • Educational innovation for the crisis in Europe • Your vision! • Your actions! EDEN 2014 27 Athene and Nike