Nginx is an open source reverse proxy, load balancer, web server, and HTTP cache. It supports protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, and IMAP. Nginx can be installed on Ubuntu using apt-get install after adding the nginx PPA repository. Configuration files are located in /etc/nginx with the main configuration in nginx.conf. Virtual hosts are configured in files in /etc/nginx/sites-available and enabled in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled. Nginx can be upgraded on the fly using kill signals without downtime.

1. Nginx
Introduction

2. Nginx
Nginx (pronounced "engine-x") is an open source reverse proxy server for
HTTP(S), SMTP, POP3, and IMAP protocols, as well as a load balancer,
HTTP cache, and a web server (origin server).

3. Installation
Installation on Ubuntu
sudo -s
nginx=stable # use nginx=development for latest development version
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nginx/$nginx/ubuntu lucid main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.
d/nginx-$nginx-lucid.list
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys C300EE8C
apt-get update
apt-get install nginx

4. Configuration
● /etc/nginx
● /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # global config
worker_processes 4; # = CPU Number
worker_connections 65535; # max connections per process
gzip on; # enable gzip
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml
application/xml+rss text/javascript;

5. Configuration
● /etc/init.d/nginx {start | stop | reload | restart }
● /var/log/nginx # log
● /etc/nginx/sites-available # Virtual Host Configs, 保存配置的地方
● /etc/nginx/sites-enabled # 要enable的配置保存的地方
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

6. Configuration
server {
listen 80; ## binding port
server_name tiger.prod.kalengo.cn; ## domain
access_log /var/log/nginx/onepiece_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/onepiece_error.log;
root /var/www; ## website root directory
location / {
......
}
location /xxx {
…...
}
location /xxx/yyy {
…...
}
location ~* .*.(css|js)$ {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=3600;
}
location ~ .php$ { ## pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}

7. Configuration
location /files {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=259200;
alias /var/www/public/files;
autoindex off;
}
location /journal {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=3600;
alias /var/www/public/files/journal;
autoindex off;
}
location ~ ^/images/(w+?).jpg_(d+)x(d+) {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=259200;
alias /var/www/public/files/images/$2x/$1.jpg;
autoindex off;
}
P.S: location 匹配顺序 ≠ 文件编辑顺序

8. Upgrade on the Fly
1. ./configure & make
a. nginx -V
2. backup & replace
a. mv nginx nginx.old
b. cp objs/nginx nginx
3. start & quit
a. kill -USR2
b. kill -QUIT
p.s:
1. Nginx平滑升级
2. Nginx Upgrade

9. Resource
Beginner’s Guide
Admin’s Guide
How nginx processes a request