Fire guidelines

1. National fire protection association
The authority on fire, electrical and building safety.
STANDARDS OF
MANEESH KUMAR REDDY
PS NO 20092039
HCI-METROS

2.  I n t r o d u c t I o n
• Founded in 1896
• NFPA is a global, nonprofit organization devoted to eliminating death, injury, property and economic loss due to
fire, electrical and related hazards.
• The association delivers information more than 300 consensus codes and standards, research, training,
education, outreach and advocacy; and by partnering with others who share an interest in furthering the NFPA
mission.
•FPA 1, Fire Code
•NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code
•NFPA 70, National Electric Code.
•NFPA 85: Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code
•NFPA 101, Life Safety Code etc…
There are various codes in NFPA. Some of them are

3. Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
NFPA – 130

4. This edition of NFPA 130, Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems,
was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
The Fixed Guideway Transit Systems Technical Committee was formed in 1975 and immediately
began work on the development of NFPA 130. One of the primary concerns of the committee
in the preparation of this document centered on the potential for entrapment and injury of
large numbers of people who routinely utilize these mass transportation facilities.

5.  This standard shall cover life safety from fire and fire protection
requirements for underground, surface, and elevated fixed Guideway transit
and passenger rail systems, including but not limited to stations, train ways,
emergency ventilation systems, vehicles, emergency procedures, communications,
control systems, and vehicle storage areas.
 The purpose of this standard shall be to establish minimum requirements that will
provide a reasonable degree of safety from fire and its related hazards in fixed
Guideway transit and passenger rail system environments.
S c o p e

6. N O T I N S c o p e
Equipment requirements for following are not covered:
• Conventional freight systems
• Buses and trolley coaches
• Circus trains
• Tourist, scenic, historic, or excursion operations
• Shelter stops.
APPLICATIONS
This standard shall apply to new fixed guide way transit and passenger rail systems and to
extensions of existing systems.

7. This code covers various chapters like
• Stations
• Train ways
• Emergency ventilation systems
• Vehicles
• Communication systems

8. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
1)Concourse: Intermediate Level Or Area Connecting A Station Platform To A Public Way Via Stairs ,
Escalators, Or Corridors.
2)Critical Velocity: The Minimum Steady-state Velocity Of The Ventilation Airflow Moving Towards The
Fire Within A Tunnel Or Passageway That Is Required To Prevent Black Layering At The Fire Site.
3)Fire Load :
• Effective Fire Load : The Portion Of The Total Fire Load Under A Given Specific Fire Scenario Of A
Certain Specific Fuel Pack Age That Would Be Expected To Be Released In A Design Fire Incident.
• Total Fire Load : The Total Heat Energy Of All Combustibles Available From The Constituent Materials
Of A Certain Fuel Package.

9. 4)GUIDEWAY : That portion of transit or passenger rail line included within right of way
fences, outside lines of curbs or shoulders, underground tunnels and stations, cut or fill
slopes, ditches, channels, and waterways, and including all pertaining structures.
5)HEADWAY : The interval of time between the arrivals of consecutive trains at a platform
in station.
6)OCCUPANCY :
• Incidental occupancies in stations : the use of the station by others who are neither
transit system employees nor passengers.
• Non system occupancies in stations : an occupancy not under the control of the system
operating authority.

10. 7)PASSAGER LOAD :
• Detraining load
• Entraining load
• Link load
8)POINT OF SAFETY: A point of safety is one of the following
• An enclosed fire exit that leads to a public way or safe location outside the station, train way ,
or vehicle
• An at-grade point beyond the vehicle, enclosing, or trainway,
• Any other approved location.
9)STATION : A place designed for the purpose of loading and unloading passages, including
patron service areas and ancillary spaces associated with the same structure

11. Code for means of egress for Buildings and structures
• NFPA 101B, first published in 1999, was developed to address a subset of the subject
areas covered by NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® — namely, means of egress.
N F P A 101 B

12. Transportation systems-
1.Fixed Guide Way Transit Systems-an electrified transportation system utilizing a fixed
guide way , operating on right-way for the mass movement of passengers within a
metropolitan area , and consisting of its fixed guide ways
2.Automated Fixed Guide Way Transit System- a fixed guide way system which is fully
automated , driverless vehicles along an exclusive right of the way
3.Passenger Rail System-a transportation system utilizing a rail guide way , operating on
right of the way for movement of passengers within a metropolitan area consisting of its
rail guideways.

13.  Egress Facilities. The Code establishes minimum criteria for the design of egress
facilities in order to permit prompt escape of occupants from buildings or, where desirable, into
safe areas within buildings.
 Areas Not Addressed. The Code does not attempt to address the following:
(1) General fire prevention or building construction features that are normally a function of
fire prevention codes and building codes
(2) Prevention of personal injuries incurred by an individual’s own negligence
(3) Preservation of property from loss by fire
 Danger to Life from Fire. This Code addresses those egress features
necessary to minimize danger to life from fire and smoke, crowd pressures,
and movement of individuals and groups.

14.  General.
 Exit Access Corridors.
An exit is required to be separated from other parts of the building.
The separation shall have not less than a 1-hour fire resistance rating where the exit
connects three stories or less. Opening protective shall have not less than a 1-hour fire
protection rating.
The separation shall have not less than a 2-hour fire resistance rating where the exit
connects four or more stories. It shall be supported by construction having not less than a
2-hour fire resistance rating. Opening protective shall have not less than a 1½-hour fire
protection rating.
 Exits.
**An exit enclosure shall provide a continuous protected path of travel to an exit discharge.
Corridors used as exit access shall be separated from other parts of the
building by walls having a minimum 1-hour fire resistance rating and doors
having a minimum 20-minute fire protection rating

15.  Headroom.
Means of egress shall be designed and maintained to provide headroom not less than 2285 mm with
projections from the ceiling not less than 2030 mm nominal height above the finished floor.
 Means of Egress Components
 Doors.
A door assembly shall be permitted in a means of egress. A
door assembly in a means of egress shall conform to the
general requirements
General Hospitals & nursing
homes
Psychiatric
hospitals
Width of means of egress 865 mm 1050 mm 810 mm

16.  Floor Level. The elevation of the floor surfaces on both sides of a door shall not vary by more than 13
mm
 Panic Hardware and Fire Exit Hardware.
doors shall be equipped with panic or fire exit hardware. Such a releasing device shall consist of cross bars or
push pads, the actuating portion of which extends across not less than one-half of the width of the door leaf and
not less than 865 mm nor more than 1220 mm above the floor.

17.  Stairs.
Stairs shall be permitted in the means of egress. Stairs used in the means of
egress shall conform to the general requirements
Reference : NFPA 101 B -5.2.2.1
 Landings.
Stairs shall have landings at door openings. Every landing shall have a
dimension measured in the direction of travel that is at least equal to the width of the stair.

18.  Ramps.
Ramps shall be permitted to be used in the means of egress. Where ramps are used in the means of
egress, they shall conform to the general requirements
Reference : NFPA 101 B -5.2.5.1

19.  Minimum width of egress
Type of building Minimum width of corridor
Business occupancy 1120
Assembly 1120
Residential 1120
Educational 1830
Health care occupancy 2440

20. Type of building/space No of means of egress *
Assembly occupancies ( occupant load < 50 ) 1
Assembly occupancies ( occupant load >50 ) 2
Hotels up to 4 floors ( with sprinkler system) 1
Health care ( depends on floor area) 1 (minimum)
* It has certain standards to follow for means of egress…. Refer 5.4.1 NFPA 101 (B)
 No. of means of egress

21.  Signage's
 Size and Location of Directional Indicator.
The directional indicator shall be located outside of the EXIT legend, not less than 9.5 mm from
any letter.
The directional indicator shall be identifiable as a directional indicator at a distance of 12 m.
 Illumination through egress

22.  No Exit.
Any door, passage, or stairway that is neither an exit nor a way of exit
access and that is located or arranged so that it is likely to be mistaken for an exit
shall be identified by a sign that reads as follows: NO EXIT. Such sign shall have
the word NO in letters 5 cm high with a stroke width of 9.5 mm and the word EXIT
in letters 2.5cm high, with the word EXIT below the word NO.
 Elevator Signs.
Elevators that are a part of a means of egress shall have the
following signs, with minimum letter height of 16 mm, in every
elevator lobby

23.  Travel distance limits in non sprinklered detention and correctional occupancies

24. SAFETY OBJECTIVES
• To ensure the safety of passengers, of staff maintaining the facilities, and of the emergency services attending an
incident;
• To minimize the disruption of train services in the event of an incident;
• To minimize damage to the infrastructure
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1.For ventilation – To provide sufficient ventilation to control the smoke generated by a fire and to force it
away from the direction of evacuation
2.For evacuees – To walk along the tunnel to a station or to a shaft, or to be transferred by relief train to
safety.
3.For intervention – To provide access for the emergency services to enter the tunnels at regular points
throughout the tunnel length. Normally this would be from the smoke-free,
upstream side of a fire. It may be more convenient to enter the tunnels via a station rather than a shaft.

25. THANK YOU