Nursing Foundation unit IV

1. PLACEMENT : I YEAR B.Sc. (N)
SUBJECT : NURSING FOUNDATION
UNIT : IV
TOPIC : COMMUNICATION AND NURSE
PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
Presented by:
Mr. P. Vethadhas M.Sc (N),
Assistant Professor,
Hindusthan College of Nursing,
Coimbatore.

2. CENTRAL OBJECTIVE
At the end of the class, the students will gain
knowledge regarding the methods of effective
communication ,7C’s of communication and
develop positive attitude and skills to understand the
barriers of communication and to overcome the
barriers of communication.

3. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to,
explain the effective methods of communication
enlist the 7C’s of communication
list down the barriers of communication
illustrate about the methods to overcome the barriers of
communication

4. INTRODUCTION
Effective communication is the sender or
communicator and receiver should be competent and
efficient in terms of communicating and receiving
the desired information. They should have clarity of
concepts ,unity of thoughts and mastery over the
language.

5. METHODS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
ATTENDING SKILLS
RAPPORT BUILDING SKILLS
EMPATHY SKILLS

6. ATTENDING SKILLS
Effective attending tells patient that you are with them
and that they can share with you. It puts you in a position to
listen carefully to what the patient is saying.
S - sit facing the patient
O- observe an open posture
L- lean towards the patient
E- establish and maintain intermittent eye contact
R- relax

7. RAPPORT BUILDING SKILLS
It is all about matching ourselves with another
person. Listen to what the other person is saying and
look for shared experiences or circumstances. Show
empathy.

8. EMPATHY SKILLS
Empathic listening involves attending,
observing in such a way that the counsellor
develops an understanding of the client,
Empathy is not sympathy

9. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Complete
Clear
Correctness
Concise
Consideration
Courtesy
Concreteness

10. Effective communication helps to understand a person or
situation in a better way.
It enables us to solve the differences, build trust and respect in the
organization.
Sometimes our message is misunderstood or we misunderstand
the received message, effective communication helps us to
resolve problems.
Effective communication helps us to connect well with kids,
spouse, boss, colleagues, etc.
It helps us in decision making.

11. COMPLETENESS
The information conveyed in the message should be complete for the
communication to be effective.
The sender must take into consideration the receiver mind set and convey the
message accordingly.
Complete communication enhances the reputation of the organization.
Complete information always gives additional information wherever required,
it leaves no question in the minds of the receiver.
Complete information helps in better decision making as it serves all the
desired and crucial information.
Complete information persuades the audience.

12. CLARITY
Clarity implies emphasizing on a specific goal or objective
at time, rather than trying to move away from track.
Clarity helps to understand the message easily.
Complete clarity of thoughts and ideas enhances the
meaning of message.
Clarity comes with the use of exact, appropriate and
concrete words.

13. CORRECTNESS
Correctness in the communication implies that the correct
information is conveyed through message.
Correct communication boosts up the confidence level of
the sender.
Correct information has greater impact on the audience.
Free from grammatical errors and use of appropriate and
correct language
Correct information includes the precision and accurateness
of facts and figures used in the message.

14. CONCISENESS
Conciseness means communicating what you want to
convey in least possible words.
Conciseness is a necessity for effective communication.
Concise communication provides short and essential
message in limited words
Concise message is more appealing and comprehensive to
the audience.
Concise messages are non repetitive in nature.

15. CONSIDERATION
Effective communication must take audience into
consideration by knowing the viewpoints, back ground,
mindset, educational level, etc.
Consideration implies, stepping into the shoes of others.
Consideration ensures that the self respect of the audience
is maintained and their emotions are not harmed.
Consider the needs and requirements of the audience to
achieve effective communication.

16. COURTESY
•Courtesy means being polite, kind, judicious, enthusiastic
and convincing.
•Courtesy is an important element of effective
communication.
•Courtesy reflects the nature and character of the sender of
the message
•It is the same as give respect and then expect the same.
•Courtesy is not at all bias in nature.

17. CONCRETENESS
Concrete communication shows good level of confidence.
Concrete information helps to strengthen the reputation of
the organization.
Concrete information cannot be misinterpreted.

18. BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

19. PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Poor retention due to memory problems
• Lack of attention
• Discomfort due to illness
• Poor sensory perception
• Hearing problems
• Poor listening skills
• Information overload
• Gender physiological differences

20. ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS
• Loud background noise
• Poor lighting
• Uncomfortable setting
• Unhygienic surrounding and bad odour
• Very hot or cool room
• Distance

21. PSYCOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• Misconception and misunderstanding
• Distrust and unhappy emotions
• Emotional disturbances such as anger, jealousy and suspicion
• Prejudice, resentment and antagonism
• Psychotic or neurotic illness
• Worry and emotional disturbances
• Fear, anxiety and confused thinking

22. COMMUNICATION PROCESS RELATED BARRIERS
• Unclear and conflicting messages
• Stereotypical approach
• Inappropriate channels
• Lack or poor feedback

23. SOCIAL BARRIERS
• Diffidence in social norms, values and behavior
• Social taboos
• Different social strata

24. CULTURAL BARRIERS
• Ethnic, religious and cultural differences
• Cultural traditions, values and behavior

25. SEMANTIC BARRIERS
• Language barrier
• Language jargons
• Faulty language translations
• Individual differences in expression and perception
• Past experiences of an individual
• Failure to listen

26. ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
• Organizational policies, rules and regulations
• Technical failure
• Time pressure
• Complexity of organizational structure due to hierarchy
• Size of the organization

27. METHODS OF OVERCOMING BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATION
Have a positive attitude about communication
Help others to understand their communication problems.
Make communication goal oriented.
Approach communication as a creative process
Accept the reality of miscommunication
One must correlate the verbal and non verbal communication.
An interpreter should be available for effective communication
when languages are not understood.

28. OVERCOMING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
POOR LANGUAGE SKILLS:
1) Improve vocabulary.
2) Think in the language.
3) Crosswords are a good way to improve vocabulary.

29. INTERRUPTIONS AND NOISE
Identify the sources of noise and see if the source of noise
can be lowered or stopped.
Speak more loudly.

30. OVERUSE OF IDIOMS:
Idioms may make your communication more difficult to be
understood. So its always good to avoid overuse of idioms.

31. EMOTIONAL INTERFERENCE:
An emotional individual may not be able to communicate
well as he may be too preoccupied with emotions to receive
the intended message.
Emotions must not be mixed up with communication.

32. ABSCENCE OF FEEDBACK:
Without feedback, communication is one way.
Prompt feedback is very effective and necessary in
communication

33. POOR LISTENING SKILLS OR
INATTENTIVENESS
People can improve their listening skills by deciding to be a
better listener, concentrating, keeping an open mind, and
giving feedback.

34. NOT SPEAKING WITH CLARITY
• Even if you’re pressured for time, don’t rush through your
communication.
• Speak with clarity. Pronounce each word properly.

35. VARIATIONS IN ACCENTS IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
• Everyone has an accent in their native form of speech. The
mother tongue affects how speakers would pronounce words
in foreign language.
• Listening to people with native accent and learning a few
key phrases of the language used can help.

36. WRONG PERCEPTIONS AND WRONG
INFERENCES
• When the receiver has a different perception from that of a
sender then communication is affected.
• This can be overcome by thinking in the speaker’s point of
view

37. INFORMATION OVERLOAD
• Overload reduces the audiences ability to concentrate on the
most important messages.
• So one must try to eliminate unnecessary information and
stick to important information.

38. MISCOMMUNICATIONS
• Miscommunications occurs due to unclear information
• Make a point of saying exactly what you mean.
• Avoid assuming things and ask clarifications if necessary.

39. PUNCTUATION
• Punctuation marks (or missing punctuation marks) can
completely change the meaning of your writing.

40. MUDDLED MESSAGES
• Effective communication starts with a clear message.
• Feedback from the receiver is the best way for a sender to
be sure that the message is clear rather than muddled.

41. WRONG ASSUMPTIONS
• When information is not clear ask for clarifications instead
of assuming.
• Reflect clearly on what the speaker said.

42. TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE THE
COMMUNICATION
Provide a comfortable environment ( lighting, temperature,
furnishings).
Establish a relaxed and unhurried setting.
Sit down when speaking to the patient. Do not stand at the
doorway or sit on the edge of your seat try to relax.
Face the speaker and maintain eye contact.
Provide privacy.
Avoid interruptions and other distraction in communication.

43. VERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Let the patient to talk
Keep questions brief and simple.
Use language that is understandable to the patient.
Ask one question at a time. Give the patient time to answer.
Clarify patient responses to questions, not just for your own use
Avoid leading questions. Ex. How are you feeling?
Avoid how or why questions.
Avoid the use of statements like, “don’t worry; it’ll be all right” or “Your doctor
knows best”.
Avoid questions, which require only a simple “yes” or “no” response.
Avoid interrupting the patient.

44. INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES
The following terms represent skills often used to foster
better communication.
Reflection
Listening
Broad Openings
Restating
Clarification
Informing

45. CONT..,
Focusing
Sharing Perceptions
Theme identification
Silence
Humor
Open Ended Questions
Closed Ended Questions

46. SUMMARY
we have discussed about the definition, the
purpose, elements , level, and the forms of
communication as well the factors affecting
communication.

47. CONCLUSION
Success in communication means, a skillful
communicator sending useful message through
proper channel, effectively used to an appropriate
audience that responds as desired. Response the task
of communication is to provide powerful incentive
for change .

48. EVALUATION
1.Explain the methods of effective communication?
2.Mention the 7cs of communication?
3.Illustrate the barriers of communication?
4.List down the methods to overcome the barriers of
communication?

49. ASSIGNMENT
ROLE PLAY ON –Barriers of communication.

50. BIBILIOGRAPHY
• Carol Tylor.(2009),Fundamentals of Nursing(6th ed), Philadelphia,
Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.
• Kozier.(2004), Fundamentals of nursing Concepts, Process and
Practice(7th ed), USA :Pearson education.
• Potter &Perry.(2007),Basic nursing Essentials for practice(6th ed),
New Delhi, Elsevier.