Newton's three laws of motion define the framework for motion of objects with mass. Newton's first law states that an object at rest or in motion will remain so unless acted on by an external force. Newton's second law states that force equals mass times acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The document also defines different types of motion including translatory, rotational, and periodic motion and discusses concepts like degrees of freedom and kinematics.