Rautomead Newsletter issue 03
continuouscasting.com
For over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design and manufacture of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries worldwide.
Rautomead plants are being successfully applied to production of oxygen-free copper, a wide range of copper-based alloys, precious metals and zinc. Forms include wire rod, straight length bars, flats and hollow sections. According to material and section, the casting process selected may be vertical upwards, vertical downwards or horizontal. The machines may be used either as integrated melting, holding and casting machines, or may be arranged to be fed with pre-alloyed molten metal.
The Rautomead Continuous Casting System is based on electric resistance heating of its furnaces, with graphite containment crucibles, graphite heating elements and casting dies. This technology is particularly suited for production of high purity, high quality oxygen-free copper and copper alloy wire rods (copper silver, copper magnesium, copper tin).
The upward casting equipment may be used to manufacture rods of all diameters between 8.0mm and 30mm diameter and is suitable feedstock for wire drawing and continuous rotary extrusion processes. End use applications include: superfine wire, automotive wires, contact wire and trolley wires for high speed trains, data communication cables, CTC and transformer strips as well as enamelled wires.
Rautomead’s R&D facility at the factory in Dundee (casting equipment, technicians, design and operational experience) is available to companies who wish to commission experimental and research work to develop technology and tooling for the manufacture and processing of new alloys and materials. Rautomead’s partnership with the University of Dundee provides access to sophisticated laboratory equipment as well as support with analytical evaluation and academic contributions to the R&D effort
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF OXYGEN-FREE COPPER, COPPER-MA...Rautomead Limited
Rautomead Chairman, Sir Michael Nairn, presented a paper at the ICDC seminar in Mumbai on 30 November 2014. Sir Michael talked about “Rautomead Technology for Continuous Casting of Oxygen Free Copper, Copper Magnesium & Other Copper Conductor Alloys” and reflected on the development and evolution of Rautomead continuous casting technology during its 35 year history.
BWE Ltd, formerly Babcock Wire Equipment Ltd, has operated from its Ashford headquarters in the Southeast of England since 1969, when the company first produced cold welding machines. Conform™ machines have been manufactured since 1976 when they were initially used for extruding round wire. Continuous development aimed at extending the capabilities of the Conform process led to an
increasing number of applications including magnet wire, electrical conductors, refrigeration tube and ultimately, in 1984, the introduction of the Conklad™ process for aluminium clad steel wire and CATV and fibre optic cables.
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF OXYGEN-FREE COPPER AND DILUTE...Rautomead Limited
Paper by Sir Michael Nairn, Chairman of Rautomead Limited, Dundee, U.K.
presented at the Global Continuous Casting Forum, during the Interwire 2015 Trade Exposition, being held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA
organised by WAI
27 – 30 April 2015
Effect of water flow rate casting speed alloying element and pull distance on...Rautomead Limited
Most parameters that control the solidification of castings, and consequently,
microstructure and mechanical properties, are: chemical composition, liquid metal treatment,
cooling rate and temperature gradient. In this work, characterization of the influence
of water flow rate, casting speed, alloying element and pull distance on tensile strength,
elongation percentage and microstructure of continuous cast copper alloys has been carried
out. A significant different in tensile strength, elongation percentage and grain structure
has been investigated and it was also found that these parameters could improve the physical
and mechanical properties of samples. As a particular example, water flow rate could
improve the elongation of samples from 10% to 25%.
Rautomead technology for continuous casting of oxygen free copper, copper-mag...Rautomead Limited
Rautomead Technology for Continuous Casting of Oxygen-free Copper, Copper-magnesium and Copper Conductor Alloys
We offer copper continuous casting technology and a range of copper wire and cable continuous casting machines.
The copper rod continuous casting machines are specifically designed for the processing of electrolytically-refined grade 'A' copper feedstock to produce 8.0mm diameter wire rods. They may be configured to produce rod up to 22.0mm diameter if required. The machines are intended to be operated for long periods of uninterrupted production of continuous cast copper wire rod.
RS machines are configured as integrated melting, holding and casting units, featuring graphite crucibles, protected in an inert gas atmosphere with high intensity graphite resistance heating.
RDG machines feature large Induction furnace technology. Machines are either single furnace integrated melting and casting or dual furnace with cathode melter feeding a holding furnace, depending on production output.
continuous casting machines for copper wire & cable operating costs
Rautomead have paid great attention to minimising the cost of operating the machine. Furnaces are totally enclosed and built up using high performance insulations to achieve minimum economic heat loss. Casting dies are inexpensive and may be changed individually
RS 3000 CuMg machine with graphite crucible technology is ideally suited for production of high quality copper magnesium alloy wire rod.
The graphite crucible removes oxygen from cathode feedstock which minimises losses of the magnesium alloying element.
Technology available for high magnesium content (0.4 – 0.6% Mg) alloy rod for use in the manufacture of overhead contact wires and cables for high speed trains, also for low magnesium content (0.1 -0.2% Mg) alloy rod for use in the manufacture of small diameter automotive data communication cables.
Rautomead technology is being used by suppliers of CuMg catenary contact wires on European High Speed train lines.
The massive construction project in progress in China to build 15,000 – 20,000km of new high speed train track features CuMg contact wires made from rods produced on Rautomead technology installed at cable factories around China.
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR UPWARDS CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER ALLOYSRautomead Limited
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR UPWARDS CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER ALLOYS
Paper given by Brain Frame, MD Rautomead at teh IWCC technical Seminar, Santiago, Chile, March 2013
billet, rod, or tube are continuous cast, defined
as the continuous solidification and withdrawal
of product from an open-ended shaping mold.
Methods include both vertical and horizontal
casting, depending on product size, shape, and
volume. Casting vertically has certain inherent
technical advantages. The symmetry of cooling
promotes a uniform and predictable solidification
growth pattern and uniform axial loading
on the freshly solidified shell as it is withdrawn
from the mold. In tube or hollow section casting,
the vertical process has particular merit.
The disadvantages of vertical casting are
mostly logistic: difficulty in handling long
lengths of section; cut-off can be more difficult
to engineer and control; and it is generally a
semicontinuous operation. Horizontal casting
requires lower capital investment, is compatible
with lower production rates, and is a continuous
operation.
This article briefly reviews the history and
methods of copper alloy continuous casting;
the information is drawn from the very detailed
and extensive coverage of the subject in Ref 1
and the numerous publications of equipment
supply companies such as Rautomead, SMS
Meer, and so on
CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER MAGNESIUM CONDUCTOR ALLOYSRautomead Limited
This document summarizes the continuous casting process for producing copper magnesium (CuMg) wire rod, which requires tight alloy tolerances for strength and conductivity in electrical applications like high speed rail systems. It describes the Rautomead vertical casting process using a graphite crucible and heating system that maintains precise alloy composition control through oxygen reduction and specialized magnesium addition methods. This process has been proven to produce CuMg wire rod meeting high quality standards for train speeds over 400 km/h.
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF OXYGEN-FREE COPPER, COPPER-MA...Rautomead Limited
Rautomead Chairman, Sir Michael Nairn, presented a paper at the ICDC seminar in Mumbai on 30 November 2014. Sir Michael talked about “Rautomead Technology for Continuous Casting of Oxygen Free Copper, Copper Magnesium & Other Copper Conductor Alloys” and reflected on the development and evolution of Rautomead continuous casting technology during its 35 year history.
BWE Ltd, formerly Babcock Wire Equipment Ltd, has operated from its Ashford headquarters in the Southeast of England since 1969, when the company first produced cold welding machines. Conform™ machines have been manufactured since 1976 when they were initially used for extruding round wire. Continuous development aimed at extending the capabilities of the Conform process led to an
increasing number of applications including magnet wire, electrical conductors, refrigeration tube and ultimately, in 1984, the introduction of the Conklad™ process for aluminium clad steel wire and CATV and fibre optic cables.
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF OXYGEN-FREE COPPER AND DILUTE...Rautomead Limited
Paper by Sir Michael Nairn, Chairman of Rautomead Limited, Dundee, U.K.
presented at the Global Continuous Casting Forum, during the Interwire 2015 Trade Exposition, being held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA
organised by WAI
27 – 30 April 2015
Effect of water flow rate casting speed alloying element and pull distance on...Rautomead Limited
Most parameters that control the solidification of castings, and consequently,
microstructure and mechanical properties, are: chemical composition, liquid metal treatment,
cooling rate and temperature gradient. In this work, characterization of the influence
of water flow rate, casting speed, alloying element and pull distance on tensile strength,
elongation percentage and microstructure of continuous cast copper alloys has been carried
out. A significant different in tensile strength, elongation percentage and grain structure
has been investigated and it was also found that these parameters could improve the physical
and mechanical properties of samples. As a particular example, water flow rate could
improve the elongation of samples from 10% to 25%.
Rautomead technology for continuous casting of oxygen free copper, copper-mag...Rautomead Limited
Rautomead Technology for Continuous Casting of Oxygen-free Copper, Copper-magnesium and Copper Conductor Alloys
We offer copper continuous casting technology and a range of copper wire and cable continuous casting machines.
The copper rod continuous casting machines are specifically designed for the processing of electrolytically-refined grade 'A' copper feedstock to produce 8.0mm diameter wire rods. They may be configured to produce rod up to 22.0mm diameter if required. The machines are intended to be operated for long periods of uninterrupted production of continuous cast copper wire rod.
RS machines are configured as integrated melting, holding and casting units, featuring graphite crucibles, protected in an inert gas atmosphere with high intensity graphite resistance heating.
RDG machines feature large Induction furnace technology. Machines are either single furnace integrated melting and casting or dual furnace with cathode melter feeding a holding furnace, depending on production output.
continuous casting machines for copper wire & cable operating costs
Rautomead have paid great attention to minimising the cost of operating the machine. Furnaces are totally enclosed and built up using high performance insulations to achieve minimum economic heat loss. Casting dies are inexpensive and may be changed individually
RS 3000 CuMg machine with graphite crucible technology is ideally suited for production of high quality copper magnesium alloy wire rod.
The graphite crucible removes oxygen from cathode feedstock which minimises losses of the magnesium alloying element.
Technology available for high magnesium content (0.4 – 0.6% Mg) alloy rod for use in the manufacture of overhead contact wires and cables for high speed trains, also for low magnesium content (0.1 -0.2% Mg) alloy rod for use in the manufacture of small diameter automotive data communication cables.
Rautomead technology is being used by suppliers of CuMg catenary contact wires on European High Speed train lines.
The massive construction project in progress in China to build 15,000 – 20,000km of new high speed train track features CuMg contact wires made from rods produced on Rautomead technology installed at cable factories around China.
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR UPWARDS CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER ALLOYSRautomead Limited
RAUTOMEAD TECHNOLOGY FOR UPWARDS CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER ALLOYS
Paper given by Brain Frame, MD Rautomead at teh IWCC technical Seminar, Santiago, Chile, March 2013
billet, rod, or tube are continuous cast, defined
as the continuous solidification and withdrawal
of product from an open-ended shaping mold.
Methods include both vertical and horizontal
casting, depending on product size, shape, and
volume. Casting vertically has certain inherent
technical advantages. The symmetry of cooling
promotes a uniform and predictable solidification
growth pattern and uniform axial loading
on the freshly solidified shell as it is withdrawn
from the mold. In tube or hollow section casting,
the vertical process has particular merit.
The disadvantages of vertical casting are
mostly logistic: difficulty in handling long
lengths of section; cut-off can be more difficult
to engineer and control; and it is generally a
semicontinuous operation. Horizontal casting
requires lower capital investment, is compatible
with lower production rates, and is a continuous
operation.
This article briefly reviews the history and
methods of copper alloy continuous casting;
the information is drawn from the very detailed
and extensive coverage of the subject in Ref 1
and the numerous publications of equipment
supply companies such as Rautomead, SMS
Meer, and so on
CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER MAGNESIUM CONDUCTOR ALLOYSRautomead Limited
This document summarizes the continuous casting process for producing copper magnesium (CuMg) wire rod, which requires tight alloy tolerances for strength and conductivity in electrical applications like high speed rail systems. It describes the Rautomead vertical casting process using a graphite crucible and heating system that maintains precise alloy composition control through oxygen reduction and specialized magnesium addition methods. This process has been proven to produce CuMg wire rod meeting high quality standards for train speeds over 400 km/h.
Rautomead Limited is a Scottish company founded in 1978 that designs and sells continuous casting machines for precious metals. It has 50 employees and has sold 360 machines total, 133 of which are for precious metal production. It operates out of several facilities in Dundee, Scotland for R&D, spare parts, and machine assembly. Rautomead is an expert in various types of continuous casting and has sold over 130 machines to mints worldwide for gold and silver casting since 1985. Their technology uses graphite materials and components to cast precious metals without contamination.
General Description of Ladle Furnace design of CVS MAKINA, which is designer, manufacturer, erector companies for all the units for meltshop and rolling mills explaining themselves as the dedicator to steel sector.
Perkin elmer series 4400 and 2400 sputter deposition systemsPerkin-Elmer
Perkin Elmer was a leading supplier of sputter deposition equipment in the 1990s. Their 4400 and 2400 series sputtering systems were used for semiconductor manufacturing and development, as well as applications like thin film recording heads and optical coatings. The systems provided high quality deposition with flexibility, reliability, and clean vacuum environments. They represented an integrated solution for critical processes in VLSI production from mask making through sputter deposition.
Rautomead Continuous Casting Technology for Brass RodRautomead Limited
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Rautomead promote Advanced Metals Technology Collaboration for research and development of new processing technology for non ferrous metals
www.rautomead.co.uk
sales@rautomead.co.uk
Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines (dust) with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. The final product, a sinter, is a small, irregular nodule of iron mixed with small amounts of other minerals. The process, called sintering, causes the constituent materials to fuse to make a single porous mass with little change in the chemical properties of the ingredients. The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel.
For over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design and manufacture of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries worldwide.
Rautomead plants are being successfully applied to production of oxygen-free copper, a wide range of copper-based alloys, precious metals and zinc. Forms include wire rod, straight length bars, flats and hollow sections. According to material and section, the casting process selected may be vertical upwards, vertical downwards or horizontal. The machines may be used either as integrated melting, holding and casting machines, or may be arranged to be fed with pre-alloyed molten metal.
The Rautomead Continuous Casting System is based on electric resistance heating of its furnaces, with graphite containment crucibles, graphite heating elements and casting dies. This technology is particularly suited for production of high purity, high quality oxygen-free copper and copper alloy wire rods (copper silver, copper magnesium, copper tin).
The upward casting equipment may be used to manufacture rods of all diameters between 8.0mm and 30mm diameter and is suitable feedstock for wire drawing and continuous rotary extrusion processes. End use applications include: superfine wire, automotive wires, contact wire and trolley wires for high speed trains, data communication cables, CTC and transformer strips as well as enamelled wires.
Rautomead’s R&D facility at the factory in Dundee (casting equipment, technicians, design and operational experience) is available to companies who wish to commission experimental and research work to develop technology and tooling for the manufacture and processing of new alloys and materials. Rautomead’s partnership with the University of Dundee provides access to sophisticated laboratory equipment as well as support with analytical evaluation and academic contributions to the R&D effort.
www.rautomead.com
sales@rautomead.com
This document provides information about the sintering process used in iron and steelmaking. It defines sintering as the agglomeration of iron ore fines into a porous mass through controlled combustion. It describes the main components and sections of a sinter plant, including raw material preparation, stockpiles, sinter machines, and product screening. It also explains the principles of sintering, where a permeable iron ore and additive mix is ignited to fuse particles together into agglomerates through heat generated within the mix.
The document provides an overview of the steel melting shop (SMS) at Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL). It describes the key equipment in the SMS including electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing units, and continuous casters. It also summarizes the main processes like primary refining at the electric arc furnace and secondary refining at the ladle refining furnace. Safety rules and precautions for working in the SMS are highlighted at the end.
Rautomead - The Manufacture of Brass Rod for Machining and Forging ApplicationsRautomead Limited
Rautomead Limited paper describing the process and equipment to manufacture around 150 tonnes per month, using either virgin metals or scrap brass feedstock.
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Rautomead promote Advanced Metals Technology Collaboration for research and development of new processing technology for non ferrous metals
The document discusses the sintering process used at the Rourkela Steel Plant in India. It describes how iron ore fines, limestone, dolomite and other raw materials are blended and formed into nodules. These nodules are then processed through a sintering machine, where combustion of coke forms sintered agglomerates. The sinter is cooled, crushed, and screened before use as a raw material input for blast furnaces. Key aspects of the sinter plant like the mixer, nodulizer, sinter machine, cooler and screens are explained. Parameters that affect sintering quality like raw material chemistry and size, moisture content, and suction pressure are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the manufacturing process for 500 MW stator bars at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. BHEL is a large public sector undertaking and India's largest power equipment manufacturer. The stator bar manufacturing process involves several steps: cutting conductors to size, transposing strands, stack pressing, forming bends, pickling, brazing, water and nitrogen testing, insulation, impregnation and baking, leakage testing, and finishing including varnishing. The quality checks and tests at various stages aim to ensure the bars can withstand thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses under operating conditions in large power generators.
Bokaro Steel Plant provides a summary of its operations, including:
- Producing flat steel products like coils and sheets with a total capacity of 4.5 million tonnes per year.
- Sourcing raw materials from various mines within a few hundred kilometres and processing them through coke ovens, sinter plants, blast furnaces and steel melting shops.
- Rolling processes that include slabbing, hot rolling, cold rolling and downstream coating to produce final products.
- A large integrated township that houses over 37,000 employees and their families with schools, hospitals and other amenities.
The complete supply chain management of the company was studied. I got to know about the details of the SCM methods from the supplier of the raw materials for steel making to the manufacturer and from there to the customers and ways how it is implemented on large and small scales. The study dealt with modes of supply chain during on season and off season. Also there are various methods which can be developed and the SCM of the above company can be improved further.
The document provides information about Group C's project on LD-2 & Slab Caster. It discusses the three main units - Primary Steel Making (PSM), Secondary Steel Making (SSM), and Slab Caster. PSM involves processes like hot metal charging, oxygen blowing, and tapping. SSM includes processes like sampling, purging, and desulphurization. The Slab Caster continuously casts molten iron into slabs using a mould, ram, and section cooling before slabs are cut and marked. Safety guidelines for working in the area are also provided.
A 45 days observational training program that gave exposure to the industrial environment and included visit to various plants like RHMP, Coke Oven, Steel Making Units, Blast Furnace which was a learning experience pertaining to the functioning of all the mentioned units.
1. Ankit Metals & Power Limited operates a sponge iron plant with two 350 TPD rotary kilns. One of the kilns developed cracks in the shell measuring up to 2000mm long and 25mm deep.
2. EWAC Alloys recommended welding the cracks with CPHFD 011 welding alloy. The cracks were welded from the outside in a double V groove technique with 3.15mm root passes and 4mm final layers.
3. After welding, testing confirmed the cracks were fully repaired with no remaining defects. Proper techniques like preheating, minimum current, and controlled cooling were followed to ensure a quality repair.
This ppt is define a general overview of Bokaro Steel Plant, how to make a steel in the industry & all procedure is given in the ppt and also CBRS department is include where the automobile parts of machine is overhauling.
BHEL is India's largest power equipment manufacturer. It has several manufacturing blocks, including Block 4 which produces stator bars for generators. The stator bars undergo a multi-step manufacturing process that includes conductor cutting, transposition, stacking, brazing, various tests like water, nitrogen and thermal shock, insulation, varnishing and finishing. The finished bars are then used in power generators manufactured by BHEL.
El documento describe nuevos formatos de anuncios publicitarios como Billboard, Filmstrip, Pushdown, Sidekick y Slider. Estos formatos aprovechan las capacidades tecnológicas actuales para proporcionar experiencias ricas de marca que permiten una mayor interacción del usuario y tiempo de visualización en comparación con los formatos tradicionales. Los anunciantes pueden usar estos nuevos formatos para mejorar el alcance y el compromiso con los consumidores.
Rautomead Limited is a Scottish company founded in 1978 that designs and sells continuous casting machines for precious metals. It has 50 employees and has sold 360 machines total, 133 of which are for precious metal production. It operates out of several facilities in Dundee, Scotland for R&D, spare parts, and machine assembly. Rautomead is an expert in various types of continuous casting and has sold over 130 machines to mints worldwide for gold and silver casting since 1985. Their technology uses graphite materials and components to cast precious metals without contamination.
General Description of Ladle Furnace design of CVS MAKINA, which is designer, manufacturer, erector companies for all the units for meltshop and rolling mills explaining themselves as the dedicator to steel sector.
Perkin elmer series 4400 and 2400 sputter deposition systemsPerkin-Elmer
Perkin Elmer was a leading supplier of sputter deposition equipment in the 1990s. Their 4400 and 2400 series sputtering systems were used for semiconductor manufacturing and development, as well as applications like thin film recording heads and optical coatings. The systems provided high quality deposition with flexibility, reliability, and clean vacuum environments. They represented an integrated solution for critical processes in VLSI production from mask making through sputter deposition.
Rautomead Continuous Casting Technology for Brass RodRautomead Limited
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Rautomead promote Advanced Metals Technology Collaboration for research and development of new processing technology for non ferrous metals
www.rautomead.co.uk
sales@rautomead.co.uk
Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines (dust) with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. The final product, a sinter, is a small, irregular nodule of iron mixed with small amounts of other minerals. The process, called sintering, causes the constituent materials to fuse to make a single porous mass with little change in the chemical properties of the ingredients. The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel.
For over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design and manufacture of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries worldwide.
Rautomead plants are being successfully applied to production of oxygen-free copper, a wide range of copper-based alloys, precious metals and zinc. Forms include wire rod, straight length bars, flats and hollow sections. According to material and section, the casting process selected may be vertical upwards, vertical downwards or horizontal. The machines may be used either as integrated melting, holding and casting machines, or may be arranged to be fed with pre-alloyed molten metal.
The Rautomead Continuous Casting System is based on electric resistance heating of its furnaces, with graphite containment crucibles, graphite heating elements and casting dies. This technology is particularly suited for production of high purity, high quality oxygen-free copper and copper alloy wire rods (copper silver, copper magnesium, copper tin).
The upward casting equipment may be used to manufacture rods of all diameters between 8.0mm and 30mm diameter and is suitable feedstock for wire drawing and continuous rotary extrusion processes. End use applications include: superfine wire, automotive wires, contact wire and trolley wires for high speed trains, data communication cables, CTC and transformer strips as well as enamelled wires.
Rautomead’s R&D facility at the factory in Dundee (casting equipment, technicians, design and operational experience) is available to companies who wish to commission experimental and research work to develop technology and tooling for the manufacture and processing of new alloys and materials. Rautomead’s partnership with the University of Dundee provides access to sophisticated laboratory equipment as well as support with analytical evaluation and academic contributions to the R&D effort.
www.rautomead.com
sales@rautomead.com
This document provides information about the sintering process used in iron and steelmaking. It defines sintering as the agglomeration of iron ore fines into a porous mass through controlled combustion. It describes the main components and sections of a sinter plant, including raw material preparation, stockpiles, sinter machines, and product screening. It also explains the principles of sintering, where a permeable iron ore and additive mix is ignited to fuse particles together into agglomerates through heat generated within the mix.
The document provides an overview of the steel melting shop (SMS) at Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL). It describes the key equipment in the SMS including electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing units, and continuous casters. It also summarizes the main processes like primary refining at the electric arc furnace and secondary refining at the ladle refining furnace. Safety rules and precautions for working in the SMS are highlighted at the end.
Rautomead - The Manufacture of Brass Rod for Machining and Forging ApplicationsRautomead Limited
Rautomead Limited paper describing the process and equipment to manufacture around 150 tonnes per month, using either virgin metals or scrap brass feedstock.
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Rautomead promote Advanced Metals Technology Collaboration for research and development of new processing technology for non ferrous metals
The document discusses the sintering process used at the Rourkela Steel Plant in India. It describes how iron ore fines, limestone, dolomite and other raw materials are blended and formed into nodules. These nodules are then processed through a sintering machine, where combustion of coke forms sintered agglomerates. The sinter is cooled, crushed, and screened before use as a raw material input for blast furnaces. Key aspects of the sinter plant like the mixer, nodulizer, sinter machine, cooler and screens are explained. Parameters that affect sintering quality like raw material chemistry and size, moisture content, and suction pressure are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the manufacturing process for 500 MW stator bars at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. BHEL is a large public sector undertaking and India's largest power equipment manufacturer. The stator bar manufacturing process involves several steps: cutting conductors to size, transposing strands, stack pressing, forming bends, pickling, brazing, water and nitrogen testing, insulation, impregnation and baking, leakage testing, and finishing including varnishing. The quality checks and tests at various stages aim to ensure the bars can withstand thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses under operating conditions in large power generators.
Bokaro Steel Plant provides a summary of its operations, including:
- Producing flat steel products like coils and sheets with a total capacity of 4.5 million tonnes per year.
- Sourcing raw materials from various mines within a few hundred kilometres and processing them through coke ovens, sinter plants, blast furnaces and steel melting shops.
- Rolling processes that include slabbing, hot rolling, cold rolling and downstream coating to produce final products.
- A large integrated township that houses over 37,000 employees and their families with schools, hospitals and other amenities.
The complete supply chain management of the company was studied. I got to know about the details of the SCM methods from the supplier of the raw materials for steel making to the manufacturer and from there to the customers and ways how it is implemented on large and small scales. The study dealt with modes of supply chain during on season and off season. Also there are various methods which can be developed and the SCM of the above company can be improved further.
The document provides information about Group C's project on LD-2 & Slab Caster. It discusses the three main units - Primary Steel Making (PSM), Secondary Steel Making (SSM), and Slab Caster. PSM involves processes like hot metal charging, oxygen blowing, and tapping. SSM includes processes like sampling, purging, and desulphurization. The Slab Caster continuously casts molten iron into slabs using a mould, ram, and section cooling before slabs are cut and marked. Safety guidelines for working in the area are also provided.
A 45 days observational training program that gave exposure to the industrial environment and included visit to various plants like RHMP, Coke Oven, Steel Making Units, Blast Furnace which was a learning experience pertaining to the functioning of all the mentioned units.
1. Ankit Metals & Power Limited operates a sponge iron plant with two 350 TPD rotary kilns. One of the kilns developed cracks in the shell measuring up to 2000mm long and 25mm deep.
2. EWAC Alloys recommended welding the cracks with CPHFD 011 welding alloy. The cracks were welded from the outside in a double V groove technique with 3.15mm root passes and 4mm final layers.
3. After welding, testing confirmed the cracks were fully repaired with no remaining defects. Proper techniques like preheating, minimum current, and controlled cooling were followed to ensure a quality repair.
This ppt is define a general overview of Bokaro Steel Plant, how to make a steel in the industry & all procedure is given in the ppt and also CBRS department is include where the automobile parts of machine is overhauling.
BHEL is India's largest power equipment manufacturer. It has several manufacturing blocks, including Block 4 which produces stator bars for generators. The stator bars undergo a multi-step manufacturing process that includes conductor cutting, transposition, stacking, brazing, various tests like water, nitrogen and thermal shock, insulation, varnishing and finishing. The finished bars are then used in power generators manufactured by BHEL.
El documento describe nuevos formatos de anuncios publicitarios como Billboard, Filmstrip, Pushdown, Sidekick y Slider. Estos formatos aprovechan las capacidades tecnológicas actuales para proporcionar experiencias ricas de marca que permiten una mayor interacción del usuario y tiempo de visualización en comparación con los formatos tradicionales. Los anunciantes pueden usar estos nuevos formatos para mejorar el alcance y el compromiso con los consumidores.
This document outlines a strategic plan for vitrified clay pipes (VCP) in the GCC market from 2013-2017. It provides market data on VCP demand and sales from 2011-2017, which are projected to increase substantially. Key factors driving demand growth include government investment in sewage networks and population growth. The document also reviews the major VCP suppliers in the market and their strengths and weaknesses. The overall aim is to analyze and plan for increased VCP demand in the GCC through 2017.
This document describes HealthWorks, a 6-week wellness program offered by Byrd Wellness Concepts that includes exercise, nutrition, and stress management support. Companies can choose between basic, advanced, or deluxe packages, with higher tiers offering additional customization, educational seminars, health coaching, and email tips to help employees improve their health and reduce companies' healthcare costs. Interested companies can sign up on the Byrd Wellness Concepts website.
This document provides information about Joma Sport, including:
1) Joma Sport was founded in 1965 in Spain and has since grown to operate in over 70 countries worldwide.
2) Joma Sport focuses on innovation and technology, investing €25,000 daily in R&D with over 200 employees working in this area.
3) Some of Joma Sport's sponsored athletes over the years include famous soccer players, tennis players, and track athletes from Spain and other countries.
Este documento describe la síntesis y caracterización de polímeros de coordinación metálicos. Se sintetizaron varios ligandos orgánicos y sus complejos metálicos correspondientes con iones como Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I) utilizando diferentes métodos. Los compuestos fueron caracterizados mediante técnicas como espectroscopía, difracción de rayos X, análisis térmico y medidas magnéticas para determinar sus propiedades. El objetivo final era diseñar nuevos materiales metálicos orgánicos bid
Good Vibrations for Learning and Information Literacy with NetvibesBuffy Hamilton
Learn how to create free information portals and visual subject guides for your library, yourself, and your patrons using Netvibes for Lyrasis, April 2012. Bonus content : Symbaloo. Learn more at http://theunquietlibrary.libguides.com/ple101
Anna Semlyen, 20’s Plenty for Us - European Mobility Week 2015 - How 20 mph ...Act TravelWise
Presentation from the European Mobility Week 2015 full-day training workshop held on 15 April 2015 at Camden Town Hall, organised by Act TravelWise with financial support from the Department for Transport.
The document summarizes a study on the worldwide economic impact of dementia in 2010. Some key findings:
1) The total estimated worldwide costs of dementia in 2010 were $604 billion. About 70% of costs occurred in western Europe and North America.
2) In high-income regions, costs of informal care and direct social care contributed similar proportions of total costs, while direct medical costs were much lower. In low- and middle-income countries, informal care accounts for the majority of total costs and direct social care costs are negligible.
3) Worldwide costs of dementia are enormous and distributed inequitably. There is potential for cost increases in coming years as diagnosis and treatment gaps are reduced. Social care
El texto describe un estudio realizado por el profesor Restrepo que encontró que las arepas de maíz son más nutritivas cuando se comen con queso. El maíz carece de dos aminoácidos esenciales, lisina y triptófano, pero el queso los complementa. El estudio midió los niveles de aminoácidos en la sangre de personas que comieron arepas de maíz solas y con queso.
Sudáfrica es una potencia regional en África con 53 millones de habitantes. A pesar de sus problemas como el alto desempleo y la desigualdad que persisten desde el apartheid, Sudáfrica busca representar a África en el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU y tiene una economía fuerte basada en sectores como la minería y la agricultura. La historia reciente de Sudáfrica incluye la lucha del Congreso Nacional Africano contra el apartheid y la elección de Nelson Mandela como primer presidente después de la caída del régimen de segreg
SHOPEANDO - Making International E-Commerce Borderless.batch7
Shopeando offers to its customers the opportunity to buy directly in their countries a huge range of products that are only sold in Chinese E-commerce websites.
El documento describe los procesos de desarrollo clínico y farmacovigilancia de los medicamentos. Explica que la farmacovigilancia es necesaria para monitorear la seguridad y eficacia de los medicamentos una vez comercializados y usados por una población más amplia, ya que los ensayos clínicos solo incluyen a un pequeño número de personas. También destaca la importancia de la colaboración entre reguladores, industria, profesionales de salud y pacientes para garantizar la seguridad en el uso de medicamentos
Este documento define el spam como correo electrónico no solicitado y masivo con contenido publicitario. Explica que el término spam proviene de un producto enlatado llamado Spiced Ham. Además, detalla que el 90% del correo diario es spam, con más de 264 mil millones de correos spam enviados cada día, principalmente desde Estados Unidos, China y Rusia. Finalmente, ofrece consejos para evitar el spam como no dar datos personales a sitios no fiables y usar filtros antispam.
Este documento describe un viaje de 3 días y 2 noches a Sevilla que incluye catas de aceite de oliva y vino. El primer día incluye llegada al hotel y alojamiento. El segundo día hay una cata de aceite de oliva por la mañana y una cata de vinos por la noche. El tercer día incluye desayuno y traslado al aeropuerto o estación de tren. Se proporciona información de contacto para más detalles.
CONCENTRACION DE LA POBLACION Y TASA DE DESEMPLEODenisse Bolzon
Este documento resume los principales factores geográficos, demográficos e históricos que han influido en la concentración de la población en Venezuela, incluyendo la presencia de valles y montañas, el desarrollo de la industria minera y petrolera, y la ubicación de la población aborigen original. También describe elementos estructurales como la ubicación de la industria y el transporte, así como factores coyunturales actuales como las políticas de descentralización y el fortalecimiento de las comunidades locales
Rautomead Newsletter issue 01
continuouscasting.com
For over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design and manufacture of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries worldwide.
Rautomead plants are being successfully applied to production of oxygen-free copper, a wide range of copper-based alloys, precious metals and zinc. Forms include wire rod, straight length bars, flats and hollow sections. According to material and section, the casting process selected may be vertical upwards, vertical downwards or horizontal. The machines may be used either as integrated melting, holding and casting machines, or may be arranged to be fed with pre-alloyed molten metal.
The Rautomead Continuous Casting System is based on electric resistance heating of its furnaces, with graphite containment crucibles, graphite heating elements and casting dies. This technology is particularly suited for production of high purity, high quality oxygen-free copper and copper alloy wire rods (copper silver, copper magnesium, copper tin).
The upward casting equipment may be used to manufacture rods of all diameters between 8.0mm and 30mm diameter and is suitable feedstock for wire drawing and continuous rotary extrusion processes. End use applications include: superfine wire, automotive wires, contact wire and trolley wires for high speed trains, data communication cables, CTC and transformer strips as well as enamelled wires.
Rautomead’s R&D facility at the factory in Dundee (casting equipment, technicians, design and operational experience) is available to companies who wish to commission experimental and research work to develop technology and tooling for the manufacture and processing of new alloys and materials. Rautomead’s partnership with the University of Dundee provides access to sophisticated laboratory equipment as well as support with analytical evaluation and academic contributions to the R&D effort
The document discusses secondary steel making and the RH degasser process at Bhilai Steel Plant in India. It provides background on steel production and details on the specific production units and processes at Bhilai Steel Plant. The key points are:
1. Bhilai Steel Plant is one of the largest steel producers in India, with the ability to produce 1.8 million tonnes of cast steel annually through its Steel Melting Shop-II (SMS-II) facility.
2. SMS-II uses secondary steel making units like a vacuum arc degasser (VAD), ladle furnace, and RH degasser to produce low hydrogen, low sulfur steels.
3. The
This document summarizes the study of instruments used for temperature control in the furnace of the Wire Rod Mill (WRM) at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in India. The WRM has 4 zone combination type reheating furnaces that heat billets to 1200°C. Instrumentation includes thermocouples, RTDs, and a PLC control system. The furnaces use a mixed gas fuel to heat billets from ambient to 1200°C uniformly across top and bottom surfaces. The final products of the WRM are wire rods in various diameters and rebar.
This document provides information about wire drawing machines and electric furnaces manufactured by Accurate Nail Machine. It includes specifications for 4 models of wire drawing machines that can process wire of various gauges. It also provides details on 2 models of electric furnaces for strand annealing along with their power requirements and production capacities. Contact information and links are given at the end.
New technological advancements have made copper die-casting commercially viable for producing copper rotors. This allows copper rotors to be mass produced. Copper rotors provide benefits like higher efficiency, extended motor life, and potential for smaller motor size compared to aluminum rotors. Recycling copper rotors is both economically and environmentally feasible due to the high copper content. These innovations are stimulating market growth for copper rotor technology.
New technological breakthroughs have made copper die-casting for rotor production economically viable by overcoming issues like copper's high melting point. This has stimulated market growth for copper rotors, which are now used in over 2 million motors worldwide. Copper rotors provide benefits like higher efficiency, extended motor life, and potential for smaller size. They also allow for easier recycling due to copper's high value, providing both economic and environmental benefits.
All about the turbine, WHAT IS A TURBINE:-A turbine is a turbo machine with at least one moving part called a rotor
assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the
blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.
WHY TURBINE IS USED? , turbine introduction, turbine components involved in turbine , working of turbine, DIFFERENT PARTS OF TURBINE, CASING:-mild steel , steel and molybdenum
steels , chromium steels.
, NOZZLE, ROTORS:-HP ROTOR
B) LP ROTOR
C) IP ROTOR.
, BLADES, FIXED BLADES, BEARINGS, CONTROL VALVE, CONCLUSION, turbine use , images of different components of turbine
The document describes the specifications and processes involved in annealing and pickling a stainless steel coil. The line can process AISI 200, 300, and 400 grade stainless steel coils that are 0.3-3 mm thick and 600-1300 mm wide. The processes include welding, degreasing, annealing in a furnace, pickling using electrolytic sulfuric acid and mixed acid tanks, skin passing using a two-high mill, tension leveling, and recoiling. The goal is to improve machinability, refine grain size, and remove stresses and surface oxides.
experimental investigation of gas metal arc welding (gmaw) on 2.25NEERAJKUMAR1898
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on 2.25 CR-1MO steel. It describes the GMAW process and equipment used, including a 400-amp ESAB welding machine. The document discusses the properties of 2.25 CR-1MO steel, including its tensile strength, hardness, and strength. It also details the experimental procedure, which involves butt welding steel plates with 1.6mm electrode wire at high heat input settings to study weld properties like microstructure and hardness.
This document provides an overview of plasma arc machining (PAM). It describes the working principle of PAM, where gases are heated to a plasma state over 50,000°C and directed as a high-velocity stream onto a workpiece to melt and displace material. The document outlines the process details, which include a plasma gun, power supply, cooling mechanism, and workpiece. It discusses applications of PAM such as welding of alloys and cutting of tubes. Advantages include high production rates and ability to machine hard metals, while disadvantages include high initial costs and inefficient machining of large cavities. Finally, it describes different types of plasma arc cutting processes.
The document is a vocational training report summarizing Akhilesh Paikra's training at Bhilai Steel Plant. It provides an overview of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and Bhilai Steel Plant, including their production processes. It describes the plant's raw materials, major production areas like the plate mill, and achievements. The training covered safety practices, production workflows, and equipment in different areas of the large integrated steelmaking facility.
The document summarizes an HTS (high-temperature superconductor) transformer. Key points:
1) HTS transformers provide benefits like greater efficiency, smaller size, and ability to operate above rated power without affecting life compared to conventional transformers.
2) A case study is presented on the development of a 630KVA three-phase HTS transformer with amorphous alloy cores by TBEA for a cable manufacturing plant.
3) Two types of AC losses are discussed - screening currents that induce heat from the external magnetic field, and coupling currents between superconducting filaments that increase the magnetic moment and AC losses.
This document provides an overview of steel plant layouts from a civil engineering perspective. It discusses the major facilities and packages typically included in steel plant layouts, such as raw material handling systems, coke ovens, sinter plants, blast furnaces, steel melting shops, thin slab casters and rolling mills. It provides example sizes and capacities of these facilities for steel plants producing 1, 2, and 3 million tons of crude steel per year. The document also discusses construction schedules, noting that the total construction period for a greenfield steel plant can range from 3 to 7 years, and outlines the major civil engineering quantities involved for a 1 million ton per year plant.
The document discusses plasma arc machining (PAM), a material removal process where a high-velocity plasma jet melts and cuts through a workpiece. PAM can cut any electrically conductive material, operates at very high temperatures up to 30,000°C, and offers faster cutting speeds than oxy-fuel cutting. The key components of a PAM system include a power supply, gas supply, plasma torch, and methods to stabilize the plasma arc. Process parameters like gas type, stand-off distance, and cutting speed influence the performance and capabilities. PAM is useful for precision cutting of metals and difficult-to-cut alloys.
Copper alloy conductors for overhead lines - CIGRÉ Regional South-East Europe...Leonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and often contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require the reinforcement of the grid. However, resistance to the construction of new lines is huge. Micro-alloyed copper conductors can be part of the solution. Their energy efficiency and their ability to cope with temporary capacity overloads are highly valued features. Such overloads are possible due to the higher resistance of copper against creep at high temperatures. The energy efficiency of the copper conductor compensates for its higher initial cost. As a result, its life cycle cost (LCC) is often lower than that of a steel reinforced aluminium (ACSR) conductor. This was the finding of two feasibility studies conducted by DNV GL (KEMA). The first study examined the construction of new lines; the second investigated the refurbishment of existing lines. The latter study also demonstrated why the higher specific weight of copper compared to an ACSR conductor does not require any reinforcement of the overhead line towers. The smaller cross section combined with a hydrophobic coating results in a much lower wind and ice load, which is a decisive factor for determining the required strength of the towers. This makes the copper conductor particularly suitable in cold and windy climates.
CIGRÉ Regional South-East European Conference
The document discusses the vocational training presentation at Durgapur Steel Plant. It provides background on the plant, including its establishment, expansion, products, operational departments, and flow chart. It then focuses on the Merchant Mill, describing its production of plain and Thermo-Mechanically Treated bars using a continuous Morgan design mill. The process involves reheating slabs to 1100-1200°C then rolling and quenching to form the TMT bars, which are inspected for mechanical properties. The presentation concluded with familiarizing the trainee with the steel plant environment and processes.
This document provides information about Esfarayen Industrial Complex (E.I.CO) located in North Khorasan, Iran. It discusses the company's history, facilities, equipment, certifications, products, and areas of activity. E.I.CO has extensive steelmaking, casting, and machining facilities capable of producing heavy ingots, forged products, and machined components up to 80 metric tons for industries such as oil/gas, power, railway, mining, naval, automotive, and others. It has certifications like ISO 9001 and produces a variety of steel grades including tool steels, stainless steels, and other alloy and carbon steels.
SMELTING REDUCTION:AN ALTERNATIVE TO PIG IRON PRODUCTIONNishantKumarMehta
This document summarizes several alternative iron making technologies to the traditional blast furnace process, including direct reduction processes like FINEX and HIsmelt, and smelting reduction processes like Corex and Ausmelt. It describes the basic processes and reactions, advantages like flexibility and lower emissions, and disadvantages such as higher costs. Key alternative processes discussed are FINEX, INRED, ELRED, Ausmelt, HIsmelt, and Corex, with summaries of their process designs and operating principles.
Computational fluid dynamic simulations of solidification for enhancing speed...Rautomead Limited
In this research experiment computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models were constructed, within Ansys Fluent TM v.R1, to investigate phenomena occurring during the Vertically Upwards Continuous Casting (VUCC) of 8 mm diameter, oxygen free copper (OFCu) for alterations to the casting speed. The simulated influence of heat transported over a 0.1 mm air gap formed within the casting die was investigated and a value for the die wall heat transfer coefficient (hc) of (9.0 ± 0.2) 104 W/m2K, was extracted. Using this value for hc, simulations of the entire casting crucible and die were made for casting speed settings: pushback motion at 0.06 m/s, average; dwell motion (pause) at 0.05 m/s, average; and continuous motions at 0.022 m/s, 0.015 m/s and 0.008 m/s; and were validated against literature values for measured thermal distribution within the casting die. The fastest casting speed for 8 mmOFCu was investigated and a trend between simulated solidification front and measured grain growth direction was identified, highlighting,
the casting motions pushback and dwell yield improved casting conditions. Fluid flow rate was investigated within the casting crucible and showed a small influence on casting due to natural convection relative to flow within the die, 0.001 ± 0.0005 m/s compared with 0.1 ± 0.01 m/s for pushback casting, respectively.
Examination of anti-bacterial properties of Cu and Cu alloys and potential ap...Rautomead Limited
Report:-
Copper has been utilised throughout early human existence as a disinfectant used to clean
wounds and prevent infection. However, following the birth of antibiotics and
pharmaceutical drugs, the use of copper as an antimicrobial material severely declined.
Copper as an antimicrobial surface agent is now beginning to re-emerge in medical
institutions due to the rise of viruses and drug resistant bacteria, known as “superbugs”,
over the past century.
Yet, many institutions are hesitant on the reimplementation of copper as a surface agent.
This project aims to demonstrate the antimicrobial effectiveness of copper and its alloys
against an E. Coli O157:H7 strain as well as displaying the potential applications that an
antimicrobial copper surface agent can be applied to. Henceforth, the purpose of this
project is to formulate a systematic literature review, whereby the results from other
research papers will be compared and adopted into a novel concept of attempting to track
bacterial transmission through the use of a video-based monitoring system.
Examination of anti-bacterial properties of Cu and Cu alloys and potential ap...Rautomead Limited
This document summarizes a research project examining the antimicrobial properties of copper and copper alloys and potential applications. The project was undertaken by Jack Buchanan at the University of Dundee in collaboration with Rautomead. Key findings included that copper destroys bacteria through contact killing using copper ions. Higher copper purity alloys were found to have greater antimicrobial effectiveness. Applications identified included use in medical settings, food handling, and reducing hospital-acquired infections. Future work proposed testing methodologies and hypotheses developed to determine optimal alloys for preventing bacterial growth. Potential uses for Rautomead's customers producing high copper alloys without side effects were also discussed.
Continuous Casting of Dilute Copper Alloys for Drawing to Wire in Specialist ...Rautomead Limited
Presentation given by Sir Micahel Nairn, Chairman Rautomead Limted, at Interwire 2019.
Abstract
Many modern industrial applications of copper-based conductor wires call not only for high electrical conductivity, but also for other matching physical properties, including high tensile strength, high softening temperatures, creep resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, while maintaining also good ductility.
The paper shows examples of dilute copper alloys offering these properties and techniques and equipment which have been developed by Rautomead for reliable, continuous production to narrow chemical tolerances.
To enable the processing of new complex high performance alloys by improving ...Rautomead Limited
This doctoral thesis investigated improving the capacity and performance of continuous casting equipment to enable the processing of new complex high-performance alloys. The research included comparing the microstructure and mechanical properties of products made by continuous casting versus traditional and established methods. Additional objectives examined the effect of casting speed, alloying elements, water flow rate, pull distance, melt temperature, cleanout cycle, casting direction and super-cooler size on the structure and properties of continuously cast copper rod and lead alloy. Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy, SEM, EDX and tensile testing were employed to evaluate the materials. The research aimed to optimize continuous casting parameters to improve casting quality and efficiency for complex alloy processing.
Characteristics of Hypoeutectic Cu-Zr Alloy Rods Manufactured by Vertical Upw...Rautomead Limited
The focus in this study is therefore on applying a vertical upwards continuous casting (VUCC) mass-production
method to the pilot-scale manufacturing of Cu-Zr alloy rods. The microstructure and physical characteristics of these
VUCC rods were subsequently investigated and compared with rods produced by CMC. In addition, the wire-drawing
capability of the VUCC rods was examined, and the adaptability of the VUCC method to the mass production of
hypoeutectic Cu-Zr alloys was fully investigated.
2.
EFFECT OF ANTIMONY ADDITION RELATIVE TO MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERT...Rautomead Limited
It is well documented that the addition of antimony in pure lead increases tensile strength and reduced elongation. The goal of the present work is to identify the cause of these phenomena by investigation of the effects of the addition of Sb (1.25%) on the structure of pure continuously cast lead and lead alloy rods. The microstructure and morphology of both pure lead and lead 1.25% antimony were examined by digital optical microscope and scanning electron microscope respectively. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify alloying elements. The results showed that the effect of additions of antimony on mechanical properties of lead-antimony alloys is mainly due to the solid solubility of the antimony element. Homogenized distribution of the antimony results in a decrease in the grain size of the pure lead. These smaller grains mean higher strength so long as there is a homogeneous grain structure
Investigation of the distribution of lead in three different combinations of ...Rautomead Limited
The main objective of this paper was to assess three leaded
brass samples (pending application with Copper Development
Association) using optical microscopy and mass
spectrometry to compare the distribution of lead. Based on
the mass spectrometry data, a great deal of variation was
not found within each of the samples based on five different
sample locations. Optical microscopy, scanning electron
microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
confirmed that the lead was homogenously distributed in
brass.
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...Rautomead Limited
Abstract. Deoxidized High Phosphorus (DHP) Copper tubes are frequently used in numerous
industrial and household applications. To ensure the acceptability of DHP copper tubes prepared by
various industrial processes, the quality of the DHP copper tubes must be evaluated and one of the
best ways to do so is to examine the microstructure and metallography and quantify grain size. In
this paper the authors considered the average grain size of copper tube samples made traditionally
as well as by the planetary rolling and CastTube process. Because of the small thickness of the
CastTube samples, in certain circumstances traditional methods of grain counting were not
plausible and a new procedure for grain counting needed developed. This paper is about the
development and evaluation of grain sizes in continuously cast tube samples using both the
planimetric procedure (ASTM E112) and a new method, which will be herby, referred to as the
“total grain counting method”. This paper also concludes that there is a large difference in the grain
size of tubes with different manufacturing methods.
On first reading, it might seem strange that Rautomead, a leading company specialising in continuous casting technology, should publish a Practical Guide on wire drawing practice in the copper wire and cable industry.
Since 1994, Rautomead has supplied over fifty oxygen-free copper (Cu-OF) rod casting machines to companies all over the world, the majority of whose previous experience had been exclusively in using only tough pitch copper (Cu-ETP) rod. By its nature, the behaviour of Cu-OF in the initial
stages of rod breakdown from 8mm as-cast rod is a little different from Cu-ETP. Minor changes to die drafts in older rod breakdown machines are recommended to achieve greater area reductions than may have been used previously.
Rautomead is fortunate to have David Bluck as a member of the company’s technical staff.
David has many years previous experience of technical management in the wire drawing
industry and has been able to assist Rautomead customers both in the introduction of Cu-OF rod into
their existing wire drawing lines and more generally in optimising performance of their wire drawing operations.
This Practical Guide is designed to encapsulate the most common issues Rautomead has encountered in copper wire drawing, to classify the types of faults occurring and to offer practical guidelines as to how these should be overcome.
The information in this advisory paper is given in good faith and with the objective of providing practical assistance. It is intended to supplement the place of technical information which may be provided for their equipment by wire drawing equipment manufacturers.
Sir Michael Nairn
Chairman
Rautomead Limited
Rautomead Limited Newsletter Issue 12 continuouscasting.com
For over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design and manufacture of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries worldwide.
Rautomead plants are being successfully applied to production of oxygen-free copper, a wide range of copper-based alloys, precious metals and zinc. Forms include wire rod, straight length bars, flats and hollow sections. According to material and section, the casting process selected may be vertical upwards, vertical downwards or horizontal. The machines may be used either as integrated melting, holding and casting machines, or may be arranged to be fed with pre-alloyed molten metal.
The Rautomead Continuous Casting System is based on electric resistance heating of its furnaces, with graphite containment crucibles, graphite heating elements and casting dies. This technology is particularly suited for production of high purity, high quality oxygen-free copper and copper alloy wire rods (copper silver, copper magnesium, copper tin).
The upward casting equipment may be used to manufacture rods of all diameters between 8.0mm and 30mm diameter and is suitable feedstock for wire drawing and continuous rotary extrusion processes. End use applications include: superfine wire, automotive wires, contact wire and trolley wires for high speed trains, data communication cables, CTC and transformer strips as well as enamelled wires.
Rautomead’s R&D facility at the factory in Dundee (casting equipment, technicians, design and operational experience) is available to companies who wish to commission experimental and research work to develop technology and tooling for the manufacture and processing of new alloys and materials. Rautomead’s partnership with the University of Dundee provides access to sophisticated laboratory equipment as well as support with analytical evaluation and academic contributions to the R&D effort
Rautomead Newsletter issue 11 pink
continuouscasting.com
For over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design and manufacture of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries worldwide.
Rautomead plants are being successfully applied to production of oxygen-free copper, a wide range of copper-based alloys, precious metals and zinc. Forms include wire rod, straight length bars, flats and hollow sections. According to material and section, the casting process selected may be vertical upwards, vertical downwards or horizontal. The machines may be used either as integrated melting, holding and casting machines, or may be arranged to be fed with pre-alloyed molten metal.
The Rautomead Continuous Casting System is based on electric resistance heating of its furnaces, with graphite containment crucibles, graphite heating elements and casting dies. This technology is particularly suited for production of high purity, high quality oxygen-free copper and copper alloy wire rods (copper silver, copper magnesium, copper tin).
The upward casting equipment may be used to manufacture rods of all diameters between 8.0mm and 30mm diameter and is suitable feedstock for wire drawing and continuous rotary extrusion processes. End use applications include: superfine wire, automotive wires, contact wire and trolley wires for high speed trains, data communication cables, CTC and transformer strips as well as enamelled wires.
Rautomead’s R&D facility at the factory in Dundee (casting equipment, technicians, design and operational experience) is available to companies who wish to commission experimental and research work to develop technology and tooling for the manufacture and processing of new alloys and materials. Rautomead’s partnership with the University of Dundee provides access to sophisticated laboratory equipment as well as support with analytical evaluation and academic contributions to the R&D effort
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Rautomead promote Advanced Metals Technology Collaboration for research and development of new processing technology for non ferrous metals
www.rautomead.co.uk
sales@rautomead.co.uk
Rautomead Continuous Casting Technology for Railway and Automotive ApplicationsRautomead Limited
Rautomead offer a range of machines designed to cast Copper Magnesium and other conductor alloys for Railway Contact and Messenger Wires and Automotive wiring Harness.
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys. There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Rautomead promote Advanced Metals Technology Collaboration for research and development of new processing technology for non ferrous metals
www.rautomead.co.uk
sales@rautomead.co.uk
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
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Rautomead Newsletter issue 03
1. continuouscasting.com
CONTENTS
PAGES 1 & 2
Onwards and Upwards
“Rod From Scrap” - the new
RFS copper casting machine
PAGES 4 & 5
Rautomead Redraws
the Rules
RDG Series: a new copper
rod casting process
PAGE 6
Prevention Is Better
Than Cure
Achieving better quality
copper redraw rod for a
lower investment
PAGE 7
Rautomead Draws on
the Experience of
Mervyn Cooper
New Product Line Manager
key to successful RFS launch
Full Of Middle Eastern
Promise
A world of continuous
casting
PAGE 8
Continuous
Improvements Online
A World of Customer
Service
Rautomead Steals the Show
with new copper casting technology
Issue 3 - April 2002
First is the Rautomead
RDG Series of copper rod
casting machines designed to
economically produce up to
20,000 tonnes output of 8.0mm
diameter rod per annum. With
a single integrated melting,
holding and casting furnace,
operating costs are significantly
reduced when compared to other
systems.
Next is the RFS “Rod from
Scrap” Series designed for
converting high quality clean
dry baled wire scraps back into
8.0mm diameter copper redraw
rod. Finally, the RST Series of
integrated melting and casting
machines offers continuous
upwards-vertical production of
copper & copper alloy rod, strip &
tube products.
RDG SERIES (see page 4)
• 20,000 tonnes per year,
8.0mm Cu-OF
• Integrated melting and
casting, cathode feedstock
• Single furnace, graphite
crucible technology
RFS “Rod from Scrap”
SERIES (see page 1)
• 8.0mm copper rod
• 2,000 tonnes per year
• Baled wire and compressed
granule feedstock
RST SERIES
• Copper strip production
for electrical busbar
manufacture
• Or thin strip for
welded tube
New Machines to be launched at Dusseldorf
Innovation and enhanced
economy are the key
influences behind three
impressive new Rautomead
copper & copper alloy rod
and tube & strip continuous
casting machines that are to
be launched at Wire 2002.
2. The Rautomead RFS “Rod from Scrap” machine represents a novel
process for the recycling of clean copper scrap to make copper redraw rod.
The machine is designed as an integrated melting and casting unit, is
rated at 240 KVA and is capable of melting and casting at a rate of up
to 300 kg per hour on a continuous basis.
The withdrawal unit may be fitted with dies and coolers to produce
three strands in the diameter range 8mm to 12.7mm. Casting speed
depends on product sizes and number of strands. Typically, in production
of 8mm rod, the machine will produce three strands at 3.6 metres/minute.
Rods are coiled in conventional Rautomead rod coilers. Rod coil weight is
up to 4 tonnes.
2
Onward and Upward
Feedstock from scrap
Clean mill scrap in the form of baled wire
or briquetted granulated scrap may be used as
feedstock. This may also be blended with a
proportion of grade A cathode conforming to
BS 6017 - 1981 (1989) Cu-CATH-1. Best
results, however, are obtained when the scrap
is compacted to around 6.5 gm/cc or more.
Electrical Resistance Heating
The RFS Series uses an electric resistance-
heated twin chamber graphite crucible furnace,
comprising a robust fabricated steel shell,
mounted on a channel section base frame. This
is built up internally from a refractory brick base,
using specially selected refractory and insulation
materials.
The interior of the furnace forms a sealed
unit, which is purged with inert gas for
protection of the graphite crucible and resistance
heating element chain that surrounds it. The rear
power terminals and secondary power terminals
are water-cooled. Side doors are removable for
continuouscasting.com
4000kgs rod coiler
Clean copper wire scrap
3. can be withdrawn from the melt, lids closed and
the temperature reduced to “standby mode”,
with the metal remaining in the crucible for
quick resumption of production.
Minimised Operating Costs
Careful attention has been given to
minimising running costs of the RFS
machine. The principal cost is electrical
power. In continuous operation, the machine
can be expected to use approx. 450 kWh per
tonne produced. This includes the power
required for melting and casting, as well as
other ancillary services.
Space Requirements
The RFS machine is 5.9 metres wide by
11.7 metres long (incl. coilers) and requires
headroom of approx. 6.5 metres. A normal
150mm reinforced concrete floor is
sufficient and no pits or other special
foundations are required.
3
continuouscasting.com
Rod From Scrap - The New RFS
Copper Casting Machine
maintenance attention and a taphole for
drainage of the crucible in case of emergency
and for regular inspection is provided at one
side. Crucible capacity is approx. 2,000 kg,
giving a molten metal dwell time of 5 to 6 hours
for conditioning and oxygen reduction.
Casting Die Assemblies and Product
Withdrawal
The casting dies are mounted on a
carriage, which is arranged to move up and
down and thus to maintain a constant
immersion depth of the graphite casting
dies in the molten metal. Product
withdrawal is by twin driven rolls and
pneumatically clamped rear pinch rolls,
using a mechanical indexer drive.
Ease of operation
Furnace and casting temperature is
automatically controlled and all key
production parameters are automatically
monitored and alarmed. One operator is
required to feed the machine, to monitor
production and change coils as required.
In-built efficiencies
RFS machines are designed for continuous
production over long periods. Continuous
operation will normally be the most efficient
manner of running. However, where it is
preferred to shut down over week-ends, the dies
The New RFS Series In Focus
• Feedstock
Clean dry copper wire and granulated
scraps, free from plastic, moisture and
metallic impurities
• Output
Three strands of 8.0mm diameter rod at
240 - 300 kg/hr.
• Casting die life
Approx. 6 tonnes when processing 100%
clean scrap, increasing to approx. 12 tonnes
for 100% cathode.
• Conductivity
Conductivity of the “as cast” 8.0mm
diameter rod is directly related to feedstock
quality, proportions of scrap and cathode.
Tests indicate 95% to over 100% IACS.
• Oxygen Content
Nominal 200 ppm in scrap. Oxygen content
in cast wire rod 8.0mm, measured at less than
10-15 ppm when using 100% baled wire
scraps and briquetted granule scraps.
• Drawing of 8.0mm “rod from scrap”
Sample coils of 8.0mm diameter copper rod,
produced using 100% scrap feedstock (60%
baled wire, 35% briquetted granules, 5%
loose granules) were cast at 80 kg/hr.
Briquetted granular copper scrap
Floor plan of RFS machine
4. 4
continuouscasting.com
Rautomead introduce the new RDG
Series copper rod casting machines which
represent an economic advancement in the
production of oxygen-free copper redraw rod
(8.0 mm - 12.7 mm dia.) using a cathode
feedstock.
The first model to be introduced is the
RDG 3, rated at 1,000 kW and designed to
produce 3 tonnes per hour, or approximately
20,000 tonnes per year of 8mm Cu-OF rod.
A larger model, the RDG 4 is planned.
INDUCTION FURNACE
By using integrated melting and casting
in a single furnace, operating costs are reduced
by comparison to other systems that employ
separate furnaces for melting and casting.
The integrated furnace in the RDG 3
machine has a capacity of approx. 12 tonnes
of copper and a tapping weight of 8 tonnes.
Cathodes up to 120 kg are automatically
weighed, preheated and fed to the furnace,
which incorporates separate melting and
casting chambers.
OXYGEN REDUCTION
A graphite filter bed is also incorporated
in the casting chamber; a charcoal cover is
used over the melting side and a graphite flake
cover over the casting side of the furnace.
These features ensure full oxygen reduction.
ROD WITHDRAWAL AND COILING
The casting station of the RDG 3 is a
twenty strand back-to-back arrangement of
casting die and cooler assemblies, mounted on
a carriage which adjusts itself automatically
up and down for changes in molten metal
level. Rod withdrawal is by four separate fast-
acting cam indexer drives, capable of over
1,000 cycles per minute.
CONTROLS
The hub of the control system is a
master PLC for control of the induction
furnace, with linked island controls
for cathode feed, rod withdrawal, coilers
and cooling water service. All key
production parameters are automatically
monitored and alarmed, with provision for
data collection.
PRODUCT QUALITY
The highest quality oxygen-free as-cast
copper re-draw rod in the diameter range 8.0
mm to 12.7 mm for drawing to wire to
British Standard 4109 C103 and American
ASTM Specification B1, B2, B3 C10200 is
achieved. Using a LME Grade A copper
cathode feedstock, O2 content in the rod is
typically less than 5 ppm.
RautomeadRedrawsThe Rules In
SPECIAL FEATURES INCLUDE:
• Single, integrated melting, holding and
casting furnace
• Graphite furnace technology
• Well-proven rod casting, withdrawal
and coiling arrangements
RDG Series: A New Copper
Rod Casting Process
5. 5
continuouscasting.com
Copper Rod Casting Technology
Model RDG 3
Product Cu-OF
Strands 20
Product Sizes 8.0 mm to 12.7 mm
Output per Hour 3 MT
Coil weight 4 MT
Nom. Output per Year 20,000 MT
Feedstock Cu-CATH-1
Total holding capacity 12 MT
Connected load 1200 kVA
Nom. power 1,000 kW
Frequency 50 Hz
KWh/tonne (approx) 300 kWh
Oxygen content < 5ppm
Cathode feed automatic
Dimensions 44 M x 19 M x 8.5 M(h)
RDG At-A-Glance
RDG Services:
• Electric Power
Connected load is 1,200 KVA. Nominal furnace power is
1,000 kW at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
• Cooling Water
A re-circulating primary cooling de-ionised water system with twin
pumps and water-to-water heat exchangers cools casting die assemblies.
• Compressed Air
Compressed air (service by others) provides back-up cooling.
• Molten Metal at Start-Up
Molten metal is required at start-up. A separate gas-fired furnace
(by others) may be required for this purpose.
• Propane Gas
A gas supply is required for firing the pre-heat torches at start-up
and when the furnace has been emptied.
• Emergency Back-Up
An emergency generator (by others) with automatic switchover is
recommended for maintaining temperature in event of power failure.
• Cranage
10 tonne overhead traveling crane (by others) is recommended over
the casting machine for maintenance purposes.
• Layout
The RDG 3 machine requires approx. 44 metres x 9 metres x
8.5 metre working height.
6. Prevention is Better Than Cure
Achieving better quality copper redraw rod for a lower investment.
6
continuouscasting.com
Prior to 1970, a batch process involving
casting of wire bars, hot rolling, pickling and
butt-welding to form longer lengths was used
to produce most copper redraw rod. In the
thirty subsequent years, this traditional
process has been progressively superseded by
continuous billet casting and hot rolling by
the now familiar Contirod, Properzi and
Southwire processes, which have come to be
the accepted means of producing electrolytic
tough pitch copper (Cu-ETP) rod.
With good process control and careful
grading of coils during the production run,
the best quality Cu-ETP rod has conductivity
characteristics in excess of 101% IACS and is
capable of being drawn to superfine wire with
an acceptable rod-break performance.
However, this level of performance is usually
achieved only in a percentage of the output of
large plants with an output range of 50,000 to
200,000 tonnes per year, which must be run
close to capacity to be economically viable.
ELECTROLYTIC TOUGH PITCH - CU-ETP
Cu-ETP has a minimum copper content
of 99.90%. During its production, oxygen is
intentionally alloyed with the copper and
controlled to around 200-400ppm. The
oxygen acts as a scavenger for dissolved
hydrogen and sulphur and will also react with
most other impurities to form insoluble
oxides at the grain boundaries, preventing
them from dissolving in the copper matrix and
adversely affecting the conductivity and
annealability of the rod and drawn wire.
However, while solving one problem, the
presence of occluded oxides in the copper wire
rod can lead directly to another, as oxides tend
to form hard particles and lead to wire breaks
in fine wire drawing.
VERSATILE PRODUCTION -
OXYGEN-FREE HIGH
CONDUCTIVITY - CU-OF
Cu-OF and its sister material Cu-OFE
have minimum copper contents of 99.95% and
99.99% respectively. Alongside the advancing
technology of Cu-ETP rod production,
Rautomead has developed processes for
production of Cu-OF rod. Characteristically,
these types of plant are smaller than the well-
known Cu-ETP plants, with outputs in the
range 2,000 to 30,000 tonnes per year,
implying a significantly lower investment than
for a typical casting and hot rolling plant.
GREATER VERSATILITY
The plants are also more versatile than
their large counterparts, offering the
possibility of producing a range of materials
including alloyed coppers such as Cu-Ag, often
used in commutator section of electric motors
on account of its higher softening
temperatures, as well as CuSn, CuCd and
CuMg as trolley wire alloys. A wide range of
rod diameters can also be produced.
Other advantages include relatively simple
changeover procedures minimising downtime
and the fact that rods of different sizes can be
made simultaneously.
Also, there is little or almost no oxygen
present in the redraw rod present to react with
impurities that may be in the copper, avoiding
the possibility of their becoming dissolved in
the matrix of the copper.
Using latest graphite furnace technology, copper rod producers can now manufacture
better and more consistent quality redraw rod which minimises
wire breaks in drawing to fine and superfine wire, and on a small to medium scale.
Furnace cut-away elevation drawing
Heating element chain
Model RS 3000/8/8 copper rod casting machine - 6000t./year
7. 7
continuouscasting.com
Rautomead Draws on the
Experience of Mervyn Cooper
New Product Line Manager key to successful RFS launch
Mervyn Cooper has been appointed to the new position of
Product Line manager at Rautomead’s Dundee headquarters.
Mervyn, holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the
University of Abertay, Dundee, an MBA from the University of
Dundee, and has worked for Rautomead since 1984, most
recently as Manufacturing Manager.
Focus on new products
In his new position he will oversee the launch and marketing
of new Rautomead products (including the RFS series), as they
emerge from the company’s on-going programme of technical
development.
Highest standards
Mervyn will also work in close co-operation with the
Engineering, Manufacturing, Sales and Finance departments to
ensure that each product performs to Rautomead’s exacting
standards while meeting the needs and expectations of its UK
and international customers.
FULL OF MIDDLE EASTERN PROMISE
Rautomead has recently supplied an RT
850 horizontal casting machine to a Middle
Eastern customer for the production of
bearings stock. These are hollow shells of
50 mm to 80 mm diameter.
The machine will be used in conjunction
with an induction heated premelt furnace to
recycle bronze turnings into hollow shells in
gunmetal alloys for subsequent use in highly
automated machining facilities. The rated
output of the casting machine is 250 kg/hour.
A significant reduction in cost of materials
is expected to result from this in-house
recycling operation.
HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE
Rautomead assisted the customer in
identifying an experienced consultant
metallurgist with hands-on experience of
operating Rautomead machines. The
consultant will undertake an assignment to
provide technical and commercial assistance
to the customer after the equipment has
been installed and commissioned on site
by Rautomead engineers.
Rautomead chairman Sir Michael Nairn
said, “This latest sale of a casting machine to
the Middle East is particularly pleasing in the
sense that it reconfirms, yet again, the
opportunities for in-house recycling of raw
materials, which was the original rationale for
the development of the Rautomead process as
long ago as 1978.”
A world of continuous casting
ITALY: 15,000 tonnes per year machine for copper wire rod - installation March/April 2002.
IRAN: two machine orders received - delivery June 2002
CHINA: Orders for two copper alloy wire rod machines - delivery May and June 2002.
SWEDEN: New Elektrokoppar machine for the production of copper alloy wire rods -
installation completed in January 2002
RUSSIA: RVS model casting machine for processing gold alloys - delivered March 2002.
8. Rautomead International Limited. PO Box 100, Dundee DD1 9QY, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Tel: +44(0)1382 622 341
Fax: +44(0)1382 622 941 e-mail: sales@rautomead.co.uk or visit our website at: www.rautomead.co.uk.
continuouscasting.com
Rautomead machines are used
for melting and casting copper,
gold, silver and many non-ferrous
alloys, to make semi-finished rods,
tubes and sections. These in turn,
form the feedstock materials in a
wide range of industries, from wire
and cable, through engineering to
electronics, jewellery and minting.
Developed in the early 1980s,
the Rautomead process is based on
the use of a graphite containment
system for the molten metal.
Major advances have been made in
the casting techniques and in
process control over the years.
Specialist training
Long ago Rautomead
recognised that a user of hot
metal processes requires specialist
training and on-going technical
advice, not only concerning the
process itself, but also in
planning the installation,
selection of materials and in the
down-stream working of the cast
products.
A new customer will,
therefore, almost invariably send
one or two of their key operating
personnel to Dundee for training,
during the latter stages of
construction and testing of the
machine before delivery.
Thorough checks
After delivery, Rautomead
will normally send one or more
engineers to the customer’s
works to check the installation,
to supervise commissioning and
to continue the training process.
The result is a smoothly executed
commissioning programme.
A Customer Service engineer
will visit a new installation within
six to eight weeks of hand-over to
review the status of the plant,
answer customer’s queries, advise
on consumable materials, on
quality control procedures, on
component identification and on
stocking and usage of spares.
Next day delivery
A next-day delivery service
for standard spares and
consumables is also offered. This
is supported by Rautomead’s
significant and growing
commitment to inventory and a
highly developed, computer-
based control system. Using air-
courier service, components can
generally reach customers
anywhere in the world within
three or four days.
Constant improvements
The Engineering and
Manufacturing departments at
Rautomead are constantly
examining the scope for improved
materials and component designs.
Changes are introduced only
when thoroughly tested, with due
consideration to the implications
for all existing customers, whose
machines would be affected.
Technical improvements are made
available to existing users
without charge, except for the
cost of the components involved.
Continuous Improvements Online
The brand new Rautomead website is now online,
with comprehensive information about all Rautomead
continuous casting machines, including the new RFS, RST
and RDG Series models.
Easy to navigate, extremely user friendly and
providing the opportunity to communicate direct with us,
you can visit the new website at www.rautomead.co.uk or at
www.continuouscasting.com
A World of Customer Service
With over 250 installations in 40 countries, Rautomead constantly aims to deliver
best practice in providing service and support to customers all over the world.