1) Newreka Green Synth is an Indian company pioneering green chemistry concepts such as recycling mother liquor and using milder reaction conditions.
2) They have had success implementing their Newreka Recycle Solution (NRS) which allows recycling of mother liquor for various chemical processes.
3) Their approach focuses on "prevention, not control" of pollution by achieving complete recycling at the end of the process through selective reactions and green engineering.
Businesses must strategize to go "beyond compliance". Given the myriad of legislations, market forces, community expectations and demands from investors; mere regulatory compliance is not going to be enough. This presentation brings out the above perspective.
Eco Salon Product Brands and their positioning in the market place are one of the most important factors when considering what products to carry in your environmentally friendly salon.
Businesses must strategize to go "beyond compliance". Given the myriad of legislations, market forces, community expectations and demands from investors; mere regulatory compliance is not going to be enough. This presentation brings out the above perspective.
Eco Salon Product Brands and their positioning in the market place are one of the most important factors when considering what products to carry in your environmentally friendly salon.
Need to get an understanding of what really makes a product green? What are the criteria? What is Life Cycle Assessment? How do you understand the environmental footprint of a product? What are the materials requirements for a LEED project? Come to this workshop to get the answers to these questions.
This workshop will address the fundamentals of green materials and provide you with the knowledge to evaluate and utilize green building products to reduce your organizations environmental impacts. Topics include criteria for evaluating how green a material is, LEEDs materials requirements, how to spec for green materials and LEED, and where to find information on green products. In addition to product characteristics, methods for going from selling green, to being green will be addressed. This program is intended for architects, contractors and product manufactures, and the general public.
The presenter was Siobhan Steyn, Project Associate at The Green Roundtable.
Monica becker turi cont ed - session c green materials for turi websitezevoush
2012 presentation on Innovative Business / University Partnership: The Safer Plasticizer Assessment Project - Project for the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council (GC3)
The global market for sustainable packaging is forecast to reach $142.42 billion by the year 2015, according to a new report by GIA.
Creative and innovative packaging solutions are an integral part of positioning a sustainable brand and Australian companies are embracing the opportunities that this presents.
The recently introduced Australian Packaging Covenant (APC) mobilizes and cements our collective commitment to welcome innovation in design and move into an exciting new future.
DRIVE | design challenges with biobased plastics (part 1)CLICKNL
A natural alternative for oil-based plastics are biobased plastics. But what should you as a designer know about these materials? And how can you make a justified choice? In this workshop, we introduce you to “Bioplastics4U”, a tool develop by Amsterdam University of Applied Science together with Wageningen UR. Bring your own design case or witness how other products can be redesigned using bioplastics.
Best Practices in Integrating Sustainability into the Product Design Process ...Sustainable Brands
In most cases, the ultimate sustainability of a brand, and therefore its flexibility to adopt a chosen market positioning and support communicated claims, is baked in during the design process. The reality is, doing so effectively requires a raft of new expertise that often is housed in various places external to the design team. This session reviews tried and tested methods for building sustainable design thinking into your organization.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Technology Management Strategy to analyze the business model for Ecovative’s mushroom material. This material can bind various agricultural wastes together and thus enable the production of various products from agricultural waste using inexpensive molds. Corn stalks and other materials can be procured locally and formed into packaging and other products that can replace Styrofoam and other non-renewable and non-decomposing materials. Thus, this Ecovative’s mushroom materials can reduce a manufacturer’s carbon and trash footprints. Ecovative is licensing its technology to other firms so that these firms can manufacture the packaging from locally available agricultural waste. these
The Industrial Green Chemistry Workshop (IGCW-2009) is the first milestone by Green ChemisTree foundation in expressing commitment to address these Industrial needs. It seeks to create a momentum in implementing Green Chemistry and Engineering technologies at industrial scales, altering realities ‘on the ground’.
Need to get an understanding of what really makes a product green? What are the criteria? What is Life Cycle Assessment? How do you understand the environmental footprint of a product? What are the materials requirements for a LEED project? Come to this workshop to get the answers to these questions.
This workshop will address the fundamentals of green materials and provide you with the knowledge to evaluate and utilize green building products to reduce your organizations environmental impacts. Topics include criteria for evaluating how green a material is, LEEDs materials requirements, how to spec for green materials and LEED, and where to find information on green products. In addition to product characteristics, methods for going from selling green, to being green will be addressed. This program is intended for architects, contractors and product manufactures, and the general public.
The presenter was Siobhan Steyn, Project Associate at The Green Roundtable.
Monica becker turi cont ed - session c green materials for turi websitezevoush
2012 presentation on Innovative Business / University Partnership: The Safer Plasticizer Assessment Project - Project for the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council (GC3)
The global market for sustainable packaging is forecast to reach $142.42 billion by the year 2015, according to a new report by GIA.
Creative and innovative packaging solutions are an integral part of positioning a sustainable brand and Australian companies are embracing the opportunities that this presents.
The recently introduced Australian Packaging Covenant (APC) mobilizes and cements our collective commitment to welcome innovation in design and move into an exciting new future.
DRIVE | design challenges with biobased plastics (part 1)CLICKNL
A natural alternative for oil-based plastics are biobased plastics. But what should you as a designer know about these materials? And how can you make a justified choice? In this workshop, we introduce you to “Bioplastics4U”, a tool develop by Amsterdam University of Applied Science together with Wageningen UR. Bring your own design case or witness how other products can be redesigned using bioplastics.
Best Practices in Integrating Sustainability into the Product Design Process ...Sustainable Brands
In most cases, the ultimate sustainability of a brand, and therefore its flexibility to adopt a chosen market positioning and support communicated claims, is baked in during the design process. The reality is, doing so effectively requires a raft of new expertise that often is housed in various places external to the design team. This session reviews tried and tested methods for building sustainable design thinking into your organization.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Technology Management Strategy to analyze the business model for Ecovative’s mushroom material. This material can bind various agricultural wastes together and thus enable the production of various products from agricultural waste using inexpensive molds. Corn stalks and other materials can be procured locally and formed into packaging and other products that can replace Styrofoam and other non-renewable and non-decomposing materials. Thus, this Ecovative’s mushroom materials can reduce a manufacturer’s carbon and trash footprints. Ecovative is licensing its technology to other firms so that these firms can manufacture the packaging from locally available agricultural waste. these
The Industrial Green Chemistry Workshop (IGCW-2009) is the first milestone by Green ChemisTree foundation in expressing commitment to address these Industrial needs. It seeks to create a momentum in implementing Green Chemistry and Engineering technologies at industrial scales, altering realities ‘on the ground’.
Squaretable Chemical Industry 26th January 2012 - New Customer Realities: Cap...csdbdv
On the 26th of Jnuary 2012, Squareiwse hosted the Squaretable event with the subject of Chemical Industry - New Customer Realities: Capturing Added Value from Sustainability
The GlolMakingSustainabilityProfitableLessons fro.docxoreo10
The Glol:
Making
Sustainability
Profitable
Lessons from emerging
markets by Knut Haanaes,
David Michael, Jeremy
Jürgens, and Subramanian
Rangan
O
rganic products were a lioxury with
little market to speak of when Ibra-
him Abouleish founded Sekem,
Egypt's first organic farm, in Cairo in 1977.
The years Sekem spent honing sustain-
able cultivation practices paid off, though,
in 1990, when it moved into growing or-
ganic cotton. Organic produce was enter-
ing mainstream Western stores then, and
worldwide demand for all things organic
began to surge.
There were other advantages to the
organic approach as well: Sekem's farm-
ing techniques helped reclaim arable land
from the Sahara, which had been spread-
ing into the Nile delta. With them, the soil
absorbed more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, decreasing greenhouse gases,
and cotton crops needed 20% to 40% less
water.
In the bargain, organic techniques low-
ered the farm's costs, improved average
yields by almost 30%, and produced a raw
cotton that was more elastic than its con-
ventionally grown counterpart. So, far from
being an expensive indulgence, organic
cotton offered Sekem a business model
that was more sustainable—not just envi-
ronmentally but financially. In recent years
that model has generated healthy revenue
growth: From 2006 until the disruptions
of the Arab Spring in 2011, the business
posted 14% annual increases, and Sekem
is now one of Egypt's largest organic food
producers.
Rapidly developing economies are of-
ten portrayed as sustainability laggards-
focused more on raising their citizens
out of poverty than on protecting the en-
vironment. It's true that their regulatory
bodies can be weak, hesitant to impose
110 Harvard Business Review March 2013
HBR.ORG
restrictions on newly liberalized markets,
or resentful of pressure from industrial-
ized nations. But the developed world has
never had a monopoly on visionaries, as
Sekem's story illustrates. And in markets
where the pressures of resource depletion
are felt most keenly, corporate sustain-
ability efforts have become a wellspring of
innovation.
That's what we found in 2010, when
the Boston Consulting Group joined forces
with the World Economic Forum to iden-
tify companies with the most effective
sustainability practices in the develop-
ing world. The study involved reviews of
more than 1,000 companies ranging in
size from $25 million to $5 billion, from a
wide array of markets and industry sec-
tors, and included interviews with almost
200 executives. From the pool of compa-
nies studied, we identified more than a
dozen "champions," whose sustainability
practices were highly effective, irmovative,
and scalable.
These organizations are located in
countries across Latin America, Africa, the
Middle East, Asia, and the South Pacific.
Some pursue sustainability out of pragma-
tism, some out of idealism. But regardless
of their motivation, they have consistently
generated above-average growth rates and
profit ...
Planning & Design Guidelines GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK for ALEAP, Nandigama, Andh...AurovilleConsulting
A research and pilot work on preparing environment- friendly Development Plans or Site Master Plans for upcoming industrial parks to showcase integration of clean/green/energy efficient and environment-friendly technologies at the planning stage itself is a much needed effort.
Partnerships for the Goals - 11 Best Practice Examples from the Chemicals Ind...Finch & Beak
The chemicals industry may be one of the most active sectors when it comes to collaborating and partnering, particularly in (open) innovation models. However, sector-wide industry data from eRevalue on what chemical companies report on in terms of SDGs showed that reporting on goals 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure) and 17 (partnerships for the goals) stays far behind.
Are chemical players being too modest, or take this for granted? We have selected a number of partnerships that illustrate how the industry collaborates in order to create impact across a range of the sector’s most material Sustainable Development Goals.
Circular Economy - Challenges and Opportunities in the fashion sectorRadiciGroup
#RadiciGroup - Approach to #Sustainability by Filippo Servalli, Corporate Marketing director @RadiciGroup.
Circular Economy - Challenges and Opportunities in the fashion sector
20 Maggio 2016 - Università Bocconi
Similar to Newreka Green Synth Technologies : Pioneering in the field of Green Chemistry (20)
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Green chemistry
Mother’s little helper
An Indian company is pioneering some key green chemistry concepts. We caught up with Newreka
Green Synth at Chemspec India 2008
A
lthough the company stand was located
right at the back of the hall at Chemspec
India 2008, it was swarming throughout.
Founder director Nitesh Mehta said: “It has been so
amazing. There has been no beating about the Universities Selling ideas Sustainable Industries
& scale-up solutions
bush, it is all real business.” Clearly Newreka Green
Synth Technologies had identified something that IP & Investment on R&D
the Indian chemicals industry wanted. knowledge & value for solutions
Although the firm has been active for six years, Enviropreneurs
2008 may prove to be its breakthrough year. In
January, alongside SMS Pharmaceuticals, Newreka Investments & Empowerment
won the Indo-US Green Chemistry Network Centre incentives & support
(GCNC) Award for the successful commercialisation
Government bodies Good Employment & Individual
of green chemistry-based technologies at the Indo- & financial institutions & society
ROI healthy living
US Science & Technology Forum Workshop on
Green Chemistry.
The GCNC itself is an umbrella organisation that
grew out of the India Green Chemistry Chapter of
the American Chemistry Society Green Chemistry Figure 1 - Green partnerships based on enviropreneurs
Institute (ACS GCI) and now encompasses several
centres, institutions and industries. It organises vari- Padia himself is an expert in iron oxide catalysis, For the first couple of years, a focus on unit
ous symposia, workshops and training courses to process intensification, scale-up, unit processes like process of reduction was the company’s key mar-
further the concept of green chemistry. reduction, nitration and diazotization-hydrolysis, and keting strategy. This was based on the Newreka
The event in Delhi last January, the third in the unit operations like crystallisation, extraction, filtra- Reduction Technology (NRT), in which proprietary
series, attracted some 200 delegates from industry tion and isolation. He founded Newreka along with catalytic formulations are used in reduction. More
and academe. It was addressed by Professor John Mehta, the public face of the company, whose inter- recently it has expanded to offer systems for other
Warner of the Warner Babcock Institute for Green ests are in similar areas, and Vineet Shroff, whose reactions, including nitration, diazotisation-hydroly-
Chemistry, who is widely regarded as one of the main areas of competence are engineering and sis, isolation, oxidation, sulphonation, acetylation and
fathers of green chemistry. industrial mixing. The company name is a combina- Friedel-Crafts.
The ideas behind Newreka actually go back to tion Nature’s Enthusiastic World and ‘Eureka’, Thus, Newreka has slowly achieved recognition,
conversation in a hostel room at IIT Bombay, where Archimedes’ joyous cry of scientific discovery. culminating in the award at the GCNC symposium.
Mehta was studying under Bhadresh K. Padia, in Over the past ten years, Newreka has grown to This was based on case studies of its work in two
1998. The basic idea, Padia says, was that the chem- about 100 chemists and engineers, who have car- specific areas - the recycle of mother liquor from
icals industry sees pollution as something that needs ried out some 20,000 experiments in unit process- chemical process streams and the use of its propri-
to be controlled when it should rather look at the es, with a focus on recyle. Growth was an uphill etary catalysts to replace harsh with mild conditions
issue in terms of ‘prevention by recycle at source’. challenge, however, because it is very difficult for - plus its concept of the ‘enviropreneur’.
“The industry always sees effluents and their end knowledge-based start-ups, unlike software start- Mother liquor typically contains raw materials, fin-
of the pipe treatment as a cost centre, when it is pos- ups, to generate seed capital. ished product and both organic and inorganic impu-
sible to transform it into a profit centre through the “Knowledge doesn’t show up on a balance sheet rities. Depending on the reaction medium, it can be
‘prevention by recycle at source’ approach. For and venture capitalists and banks are not interested in acidic (when sulphuric acid is used in nitration, dia-
example, when you lose selectivity, you lose materi- things with a six-to-seven-year turnaround period. zotisation, methylation, precipitation, etc.), neutral
als in side reactions and it ends up as an effluent, Government bodies have their limitations, due to their (when water is used in reduction) or alkaline (when
leaving no chance of recycling the mother liquor” bureaucratic set-up and their limited ability to deal with sodium hydroxide is used in fusion, hydrolysis, crys-
says Padia. high risk-oriented knowledge platforms. and hence tallisation, etc.).
“Even if in the laboratory you get 100% selectivity, they have shown limited interest,” Mehta admits. The company claims that its Newreka Recycle
it is important to ensure proper scale-up through Normally, the investment needed to create new Solution (NRS), which covers all of these areas, has
appropriate mixing, reactor design and engineering knowledge far exceeds the business returns in the several important advantages in addition to the
to have uniformity over large-volume operation. This initial stages creating financial challenges to sustain- green chemistry principles it is based on, notably:
is where green engineering plays a critical role in ‘pre- ing such knowledge platforms. In the future, Mehta high selectivity leading to high quality, no need for
vention by recycle at source’ at industrial scale.” believes, there is a need for finances customised to purification, the ability to customise catalyst formula-
The key, he adds is ‘prevention, not control’. If the knowledge-based start-ups in the fields of environ- tion, close to theoretical yield and recovery, low cap-
industry avoids the need for purification steps and ment and energy. ital investments, savings on cost and legislative com-
does not produce effluent because it achieves a Originally, Newreka acted as a consultancy but pliance, thus freeing up room for expansion, and
complete recycle at the end of the process, this is this did not work. Between 2002 and 2005, it visit- better access to markets in the developed world.
not only ‘green’ but economically sound and com- ed every Chemspec, Informex and CPhI show The first case study of the implementation of the
petitive. Padia and Mehta believe that most chemi- across the world and found that potential customers NRS showcased at the GCNC symposium concerned
cal processes can actually be reviewed and rein- wanted more product-based services. Now it has its the intermediate for an anti-AIDS drug made by
vented in an entirely green way. own facility in Dombivli in the suburbs of Mumbai. Matrix Laboratories in India. Conventionally, this is
Reprinted from Speciality Chemicals Magazine June 2008
www.specchemonline.com
3. Green chemistry
produced by reduction using catalytic hydrogenation
with a pyrophoric Raney Nickel catalyst.
The reaction is carried out to convert R-NO2 to R-
NH2 in a high pressure autoclave is hydrogen gas at
high pressure, Raney Nickel and methanol as sol-
ven. The spent nickel is filtered and the filtrate
undergoes two stages of distillation, isolation and fil-
tration, the second of which need another solvent.
The end result is two lots of light and dark brown
amine and some spent solvent effluent, as well as a
poor yield.
Using the NRS, the reaction is carried out to con-
vert R-NO2 to R-NH2 in a simple vessel at atmos-
pheric conditions, using water as a solvent and pro-
prietary catalytic formulations like the Newreka
Reduction Catalyst (NRC) and the Newreka Green Professor John Warner spoke at the workshop in Delhi
Catalyst (NGC). After the reaction, the spent NRC is
filtered out. After crystallisation and centrifuging, off- containing sulphuric acid is separated and the ethyl an environmentalist with the spirit of adventure of an
white amine is produced, along with mother liquor acetate layer is taken for distillation to recover the entrepreneur to create wealth from waste and produce
that can be stored and recycled back into the product, 3-hydroxy acetophenone. benefits for the environment. The word refers to the
process 25 times. The process needs additional raw materials like firm’s individual workers, who are reqiured to do more
The main advantages of this are that water can be CuSO4 and acetic acid, which never take part in the than slot into the role of chemist or chemical engineer,
used as the reaction medium instead of solvent, no reaction. It generates brown-coloured product and and to the company itself.
hazardous materials are used, the reaction takes huge quantities of sulphuric acid effluent, achieving Universities, industry, government bodies and
place at atmospheric pressure, neutral pH and 65-70% of theoretical yield. NGOs, individuals and society as a whole are all
below 100˚C and that the mother liquor can be Using the NRS in a patent-pending process, 3- divided from each other, Mehta says. The former,
recycled 25 times at plant scales and 50 times in amino acetophenone is diazotised with NaNO2 for instance, are a source of new ideas but lack the
laboratory trials, rather than being treated at the end using sulphuric acid mother liquor as the reaction ability to scale them up or commercialise them;
of the pipe. and extraction medium. Ethyl acetate solvent is not industry has the resources but is impelled by the
The yield is up from 85% to 95% of theoretical required. rush to market to stick to existing processes. The
and the whole process is much less energy-inten- After the diazotization-hydrolysis reaction is com- ‘enviropreneur’ can be a bridge between them,
sive, leading to substantial savings - thus establish- plete, the product is extracted using acidic mother forming mutually beneficial, green partnerships with
ing, in Mehta’s view, that ‘prevention by recycle at liquor. Following the recovery of product, the entire all of them (Figure 1).
source’ is a huge profit centre. acidic mother liquor is recycled back in the process Implementing Newreka technology at a cus-
Another factor is the soaring costs of nickel and after reacting it with RCat, Newreka’s proprietary tomer’s site is of necessity a slow process, involving
other noble metals in India, like everywhere else in recycle formulation. R&D and plant operatives and others, as well as sen-
the world; prices have increased four- to five-fold in This process, the company claims, led to a 75- ior management. “The challenge we face is to show
the past five years. In addition, Indian pharmaceuti- times recycle of the reaction medium instead of pro- them that green chemistry is actually a profit centre
cals companies face much the same pressures as ducing a highly acidic effluent. Because of the rather than a cost centre,” Mehta says. “In our expe-
their Western counterparts to reduce both costs and improved chemoselectivity and the elimination of rience, green chemistry is always cheaper.”
pollution. side-reactions, sulphuric acid was recycled up to 50 The process begins with a confidentiality agree-
Mehta believes that there is huge potential for times at plant scale and there was no need to use ment, finding out what the customer’s expectations
iron-based catalysts to replace not just nickel but CuSO4 or acetic acid. Yield rose from 75% to 90% are, then submitting a detailed proposal and signing
platinum and other platinum group metals in catal- of theoretical. As with the neutral mother liquor, a commercial agreement. The R&D process then
ysis. Iron, he observes, is not just cheaper and less water can replace solvent as the extraction medium begins, followed by a demonstration of the NRS by
hazardous than these metals, but has proved its and the process is more energy-efficient. a lab demo team, then at plant scale by a separate
safety to living creatures by the way it is widely used Padia notes that no modification was needed to team. RCat formulations are then put into action,
in natural chemistry, where nickel and other noble the plant in either of these cases and that this applies supported by ongoing optimisation, process intensi-
metals are not. to most of Newreka’s work. Only the mixing sys- fication and troubleshooting services.
Since it is also ubiquitous and well-nigh inex- tems in the reactors were modified to ensure uni- Much, of course, can go wrong at any stage in a
haustible, the price of iron remains stable by compar- form mixing in every corner of the reactor, thus country notoriously reluctant to pay for knowledge.
ison with noble metals. Newreka is now working leading to high chemoselectivity. Newreka and its customers work on a 50-50 risk basis.
intensively on developing new formulations based on Crucial to the success of all this is that Newreka Customers give an initial commitment amount to
nano-iron catalysts using green chemistry principles. chemists and chemical engineers are required to Newreka to start the work on all aspects of converting
The second case study concerned 3-hydroxy work together in harmony. “They should be like the conventional process(es) to its technologies.
acetophenone, the intermediate for the deconges- husband and wife,” Padia says. Typically, a project takes from six to 12 months to
tant phenylephrine hydrocholoride. This drug is (Some cynical Westerners might say that chemists implement and six to nine to break even. If the proj-
increasingly replacing pseudo-ephedrine in the US and chemical engineers in most firms are very much ect is unsuccessful, customers are offered a choice of
market and its production is growing very fast, but like husband and wife already. They have totally dif- a 50% refund of their initial commitment amount or
the conventional process for its manufacture is ferent points of view on every subject, they never lis- the chance to replace the old project with a new
highly polluting. ten to each other and they invariably blame each one.
In the conventional process, 3-amino acetophe- other for anything that goes wrong. But that’s anoth- To date, Newreka has not done much business
none is diazotised with NaNO2 using sulphuric acid er story...) outside India, though it has fielded many enquiries
as the reaction medium. After the diazotisation- The term ‘enviropreneur’, which Newreka also from the Paracetamol industries in Iran, Bangladesh,
hydrolysis reaction is complete, ethyl acetate is used showcased in Delhi, is a fusion of ‘environment’ and Turkey, Pakistan, Egypt and South Africa. Mehta and
as a solvent to extract the product, an aqueous layer ‘entrepreneur’. The idea is to combine the passion of his technology implementation team recently spent
Reprinted from Speciality Chemicals Magazine June 2008
www.specchemonline.com
4. Green chemistry
a month in Iran demonstrating how NRS could be In agrochemicals, dicholoro and tricholoro aniline there will be a green chemistry solution for every
used to convert para-nitro phenol to para-amino have been the subjects of projects. Newreka has problem,” says Mehta.
phenol, a key intermediate in Paracetamol, using a also been working with Shree Hari Chemical Newreka sees itself as a global company in the
water-based process with more than 100 recycles of Exports on H-acid, a very large volume intermediate long term and the Western world is obviously the
mother liquor and producing off-white and stable for brown and black dyes. In pigments, it has been next target. Mehta notes that, where India is more
para-amino phenol. working with Pidilite Industries, the main producer focused on intermediates, the European and US
This, Padia adds, could ultimately lead to “a com- of Pigment Violet 23 markets are more focused on custom synthesis and
plete green solution for Paracetamol”. It also serves The unit processes of H-acid, Violet 23 and manufacturing and there are close relationships
as an example of where, according to Mehta, the Paracetamol, plus DASDA, Phenylephrine and between them and Big Pharma companies.
well-known 80/20 rule also applies. Pigment CPC, all consume sulphuric acid. It is used “The pharmaceuticals industry, creates huge
“In all industries, 20% of the products create 80% in vast quantities in both the general chemicals amounts of waste, around 50-100 kg per kg of
of the pollution,” he says. Converting this 20% to industry of Gujarat and Mahrashtra and in the product. It is normally difficult to get involved in this
green chemistry will be more profitable, advance pharemceuticals industry around Hyderabad and area once DMFs have been filed and the process is
the technology and will go furthest to reducing pol- Bangalore. Therefore, sulphuric acid is a big target hard to change. However, when patents have
lution, significantly impacting the environment of investment for Newreka. expired or are about to, there could be more inter-
specifically water bodies. In addition, Newreka is working on next genera- est in our technology,” he concludes. “I have not
For this reason, Newreka is not running small- tion nanocatalysts. Nano-iron compounds and bio- come across anyone else doing what we do, so I
scale projects but is prioritising the 20 products in mimicry has huge potential according to Padia. The believe that our business model is unique.”
every market by bulk. It has, in many cases, worked former are very common in nature right from amoe-
on them already, generally to develop a green route ba to whales; they are, for example, the natural For further information, please contact:
Nitesh H. Mehta
for every step of a four- to ten-step synthesis. magnets behind homing pigeons, Padia observes.
Founder Director
Examples in pharmaceuticals other than those Biomimicry - observing Nature’s own innovation to
Newreka Green Synth-Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
cited already include caffeine, citalopram, triclosan, develop products and processes - he sees as essen- 405, MasterMind IV
and, perhaps most interestingly of all, sildenafil cit- tial to achieving a sustainable environmental foot- Royal Palms
rate, the API in Viagra. Rakshit Drugs, India’s print for the future need of mankind. Aarey Colony
largest producer of sildenafil citrate, has imple- “We are always looking at gaps from the eco- Goregaon (East)
mented the NRT in one of the steps in place of cat- nomic and the environmental point of view. The Mumbai - 400 065
alytic hydrogenation by hydrogen gas and Raney only issue, as Professor Warner said in Delhi, is that India
Nickel, achieving among other things a 30% the toolbox is not yet full. We have not yet, for Tel: +91 22 2879 1835
reduction in batch time and improved intermedi- example, worked on chlorination or bromination E-mail: nitesh.mehta@newreka.co.in
Website: www.newreka.co.in
ate quality. but we will do so and we think that in ten years’ time
Reprinted from Speciality Chemicals Magazine June 2008
www.specchemonline.com