New Technologies
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New technologies can transmit signals via wired or wireless methods. Wired transmission uses physical cables like copper wire or optical fiber cables. Copper wire transmits electrical signals but is susceptible to interference, while optical fiber transmits light signals and is immune to interference but more expensive. Wireless transmission uses electromagnetic waves to transmit signals without a physical medium, allowing for mobility but requiring antennas and being impacted by environmental factors. Both wired and wireless methods have advantages and disadvantages depending on the transmission needs and environment.
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This document discusses various transmission media used to transfer electromagnetic signals and data from one point to another. It categorizes transmission media as either guided (wired) media which uses cabling systems like twisted pair, coaxial cable and optical fiber, or unguided (wireless) media which transmits through air/vacuum using techniques like radio frequency propagation, microwave transmission, satellite transmission, infrared waves, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Each media type is then described in terms of its working principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages. The document provides an overview of the different transmission media and technologies used for wired and wireless communication networks.
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2. During a phone call, sound waves cause a metal disk in the transmitter to vibrate, transforming sound into an electronic signal. The receiver uses a speaker to transform the electronic signal back into sound.
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This document discusses different types of transmission media used in data communication. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. It then covers unguided media including radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. Guided media provide a physical pathway for signals using cables, while unguided media transmit electromagnetic waves without a physical conductor. The document provides details on the characteristics, uses, and examples of each type of transmission medium.
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UNIT II (PHYSICAL LAYER).pptx
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Dcunit4 transmission media
Guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber use physical paths to transmit electromagnetic signals representing data. Unguided or wireless media transmit signals through air without a physical path. Transmission is impaired by attenuation, distortion, and noise that degrade signals over distance. A variety of transmission media are used for different applications depending on their capabilities and limitations.
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Rothmans
The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as unguided or wireless media. It describes the basic characteristics of each type of media such as how they transmit signals, common applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key topics covered include how different electromagnetic frequencies propagate through different parts of the atmosphere, common standards and specifications for different cable types, and factors that determine the range and bandwidth of each transmission medium.
A Level Physics - Telecommunications
A Level Physics - Telecommunications - A Basic Introduction
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The document discusses different types of transmission media used for telecommunications including guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as unguided or wireless media. It describes the basic characteristics of each type of medium, how they transmit signals, their applications, advantages and disadvantages.
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- 2. The wired transmissionconsist of the use of a physical support for transmission. It is used when you need a high quality of transmission or when the environmental accidents or the weather are extreme, makes more difficult the transmission of electromagnetic waves. One of the first supports as used was wire cable. Advantages Disadvantages cheaper reliability Very fast The installation is difficult Physical access Difficulty and expansion expectations
- 3. Conventional cable: It is a copper wire, protected by an insulating cover. Transmitting the converted electromagnetic signal into electrical current, or a series of specific impulses. Often used in wireline systems Coaxial cable: -This cable is a moderately immne to outside electromagnetic interference compared to conventional cable. -It is also well suited for broadband applications. -Expensible and inflesible Optic fibre cable: -Has much grta transmission than the other tipes of cables. -It is inmmune to outside interferences. -It is used in the higher rate communications places.
- 4. The routing of signals is based on the transmission of light signals through a canal inside which the total reflection occurs. Inside the core of the fibre are transmitted beams of light that are reflected and continue extending. USE OPTICAL FIBER
- 5. The core formed by high transparency materials so that losses are lower. Advantage Possibility of sending of a same fiber up to 100 light beams and high speeds are achieved Disvantage Fiberglass is fragile and difficult to repair, connections with it are difficult and is a expensive than other cable
- 6. The signals in the form of light must also become electrical signals to be used by devices that are connected through optical fiber. Is applied in the field of communication when necessary is a great transmission.
- 7. Analogical telecommunications It is a transmission systems of electromagnetic signals. Very fast Characterics Electromagnetic waves Intensity and frecuency controlled
- 8. Telephone The operation is based on the conversation of sound waves in electromagnetic waves. These are transmitted by cable or waves radiated. It is an alternation between the emitter and receptor that allows a real-time conversation
- 9. Fundamental objects Microphones • There are a lot of types of microphones (coal, dynamic, ribbon). But all of these are based in the same process: waves vibrate a membrane is used to modify and modulate an electric current. Headphones • They do the opposite that microphone, they transform electric current into sound waves. For do this they used the electromagnet.
- 10. THE HISTORY OF THE TELEPHONE 1854: Antonio Meucci invent an electromagnetic for the transmision of voice. 1876: Alexander Graham Bell he develops an operating telephone. 1887: First telephone lines in Germany. 1889: Automated telephone system.
- 11. 1891: First telephone cable service in the USA and in France. 1947: First movil phone. The sistem expanded since 1893. 1952:First Telecomunication satellite, it can recibed and transmited waves of radio and television. Nowadays: All the telephones are avanced a lot, and we have very modern movil phones.
- 12. THE RADIO FUNCTIONING It turns the sound in electrical impulses The sounds are caught by the microphones The sound comes to the antenna There takes place an electrical variation, which finally comes to your house The recipients of your radio transform the sign into sound
- 13. COMPONENTS System of emission (station of radio) System of transmission (high or clear places) System of receipt (every radio set)
- 14. Modulation in frequiency (FM): variable frequiency - Carrying wave constant extent - Reduces not wished noise interferences distorsions on the sound - Quality of de trasmission is improved - Minor scope
- 15. FREQUENCY Modulation in extent (AM): constant frequency - Carrying wave variable extent - Typical of issures of short, average and long wave - Great scope
- 16. HISTORY
- 18. TELEVISION - Telecommunication medium - Transmitting and receiving moving color images and sound - Uses a broadcasting mechanism - Recipient : television - Transmission can be made by -Radio waves -Networks cable television - Satellite television To realize a television broadcast we need: camera to recive the images and a system to record the sound.
- 19. TREATMENT OF THE IMAGE
- 20. Images in color 3 faeces of electrons Red Green Blue
- 21. London
- 22. In 1911 the physicist russian Zworykin realizes the first experimental transmission of a static image. On 25 December 1926, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a TV system with a 40-line resolution. Eperiments of Guillermo González Camarena began in 1931 and led to a patent for the color television in 1940.
- 23. In 1950 takes place the invention of the system of three cannons for the television in color. In 1972 are formed the first commercial nets of television by cable, in EEUU. In 1979 is invented the first recipient of television with a flat screen of liquid crystal.
- 24. The World Day of the Television is celebrated on November 21 in commemoration of the date in which the first World Forum of Television was celebrated in 1996 in the United Nations.
- 25. THE END Cristina Céspedes Laura Fernández Paloma González Lourdes Sevilla Julia Soubrier